The Issue The issue is whether the proposed site is consistent and in compliance with existing land use plans and zoning ordinances.
Findings Of Fact Notice of Hearing Applicant published sufficient notices of the October 29, 1992, land use hearing in The Tampa Tribune (Hillsborough County) on September 12, 1992, and in The Ledger (Polk County) on September 13, 1992. Notice of the land use hearing was also posted at the site on September 14, 1992. On September 18, 1992, DER mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, a copy of the public notice for the land use hearing for the proposed project to Polk County Development Services. Copies were mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the Central Florida Regional Planning Council and the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council. On October 21, 1992, DER issued a news release concerning the proposed project and the land use and zoning hearing to appropriate media selected by DER. The notice for the land use hearing published in the September 25, 1992, Florida Administrative Weekly was not published at least 45 days prior to the public hearing on the land use hearing as required by Section 17- 17.151(4)(e), Florida Administrative Code. On October 27, 1992, Applicant filed a motion for alteration of the 45-day time limit for notice of publication in the Florida Administrative Weekly. During the hearing, the Hearing Officer granted Applicant's motion and approved of the late notice in the Florida Administrative Weekly. On November 4, 1992, the Hearing Officer entered a written order confirming her prior oral order. Stipulation Applicant and Polk County entered into a stipulation concerning the proposed project's compliance with Polk County's zoning and land use regulations. This stipulation was admitted as Exhibit 4. The stipulation reflects Polk County's agreement that the proposed site of the Polk Power Station and transmission line corridors, which are subject to Conditional Use Permit number 92-05, are consistent and in compliance with the Polk County Comprehensive Plan and Polk County zoning ordinance number 83-2 and subsequent amendments (hereinafter The Polk County Zoning Ordinance). Site Identification Process In identifying the location of the Polk Power Station, Applicant received public guidance from a public power plant siting task force composed of environmentalists, educators, and business people. Over half the task force membership was composed of environmentalists. The task force selected a professional environmental consulting firm to assist in conducting the studies necessary to complete the siting project. A six county study area was initially selected for evaluation by the task force, which then commenced a multi-phase screening process. First, preliminary study areas were identified and reviewed and some areas were rejected. In phase two, the remaining preliminary areas were subjected to an environmental, engineering, and economic review which narrowed the list to fifteen candidate sites. In phase three, the task force reviewed these fifteen sites in greater detail, then narrowed the list to six "prime siting areas" and received input concerning these six areas from the public and various governmental agencies including DER and the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Upon completion of the third phase, the task force narrowed the field to three preferred sites, all of which were located in southwestern Polk County on land that had been mined for phosphate. The task force determined that each of these sites was essentially indistinguishable and left the selection of the final site to Tampa Electric Company. Project Site Description Design and Construction Applicant proposes to construct and operate a power plant and affiliated components including two transmission lines. The total generating capacity at the site will be approximately 1150 megawatts. The plant will commence operation in two stages. The first stage will be construction of a nominal 260-megawatt integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) demonstration project developed by Applicant and supported in part by the United States Department of Energy under the Clean Coal Technology Demonstration program. The IGCC facility is scheduled to be brought on-line in two phases. The first phase of the IGCC project will begin commercial operation in July, 1995, and will consist of a simple cycle combustion turbine. During this first year of operation, the combustion turbine will burn low sulfur number two fuel oil. In July, 1996, the remaining facilities consisting of the heat recovery steam generator, steam turbine, and coal gasification facilities will be added and integrated to complete the nominal 260-megawatt IGCC unit. After integration of these facilities, the IGCC unit will be fueled by coal-derived gas which is produced in the coal gasification facilities, with low sulfur number two fuel oil as the backup fuel. The second stage of the project will be the addition of two nominal 220-megawatt combined cycle facilities and six 75- megawatt nominal combustion turbines. These facilities are proposed to be fueled by natural gas as the primary fuel, with low sulfur number two fuel oil as the backup fuel. Associated with the Polk Power Station electrical generating plant will be a coal handling facility, a rail loop, water treatment and storage facilities, fuel oil storage and handling facilities, storm water management ponds, transmission lines and substations, and a cooling reservoir located southeast of the plant site. The cooling reservoir will be used to cool the steam from the heat recovery steam generator so that water can be reused in the system. Location of Site The proposed site for the Polk Power Station consists of 4,348 acres. The site is located in southwestern Polk County approximately 10.4 miles northwest of Bowling Green in Hardee County. Within Polk County, the nearest municipality is Fort Meade, approximately 10.8 miles to the east of the proposed site. Within Hillsborough County, the nearest municipality is Plant City located approximately 19.2 miles to the northwest. Within Manatee County, Bradenton is located approximately 34.8 miles to the southwest. The unincorporated community of Bradley Junction is located approximately 4.4 miles to the north of the generating facility. The Polk Power Station site is bisected by State Road 37, which divides the project into two tracts, the eastern tract and the western tract. The eastern tract will contain the proposed generating facility and cooling reservoir. The western tract will be reclaimed into a series of wetlands and uplands for a natural habitat area. Existing Land Uses The eastern tract is bordered to the north by County Road 630 and bordered to the east by the existing Hardee-Pebbledale 230 Ft. Green Road, and a CSX Railroad line. The eastern tract is bordered to the south by clay settling areas. The western tract is bordered to the south by State Road 674 and bordered to the west by the Hillsborough/Polk County line. The western tract is bordered to the north by Albritton and Bethlehem Roads. The western tract of the proposed site is currently undergoing active phosphate mining operations. Most of the western tract will be mined. The eastern tract has also been subject to phosphate mining operations. Portions of the eastern tract have not and will not be mined and will be the location for the proposed generating facility. The eastern tract contains three lakes of significant size, all created from phosphate mining activities. Adjacent land uses for the western tract include reclaimed phosphate mining lands, citrus groves, scattered residences, pasture lands, inactive clay settling ponds, undeveloped lands, an inactive phosphate chemical processing plant and cooling pond, and an active clay settling pond. Land uses adjacent to the eastern tract include pasture land, a citrus grove, one single family residence, active and inactive clay settling ponds, and an agricultural test tract operated by Polk County and the Florida Institute of Phosphate Research. Transmission Line Corridors Description Design and Construction The proposed transmission lines will transport bulk power at the 230- kV level from the Polk Power Station substation to the existing Tampa Electric Company grid system. Two types of transmission line structures are planned for the Polk Power Station. The first, the H-frame structure, consists of two vertical poles with an out-of-ground height of approximately 65 feet. The vertical poles are connected by a cross-arm assembly. The cross-arm assembly holds the porcelain insulators and the conductors for the transmission system. One overhead ground wire is attached to the top of each vertical pole. The single pole structure may be constructed in two configurations: single circuit or double circuit. These configurations are identical except that the single circuit configuration has one set of conductors, insulators, and ground wires, whereas the double circuit configuration has two sets. The typical out-of- ground height for the single pole structure is 96 feet. Location of Corridors There are two transmission line corridors associated with the proposed Polk Power Station, which are referred to as the eastern and northern corridors. The eastern corridor exits a substation located on the project site in a northeast direction to a point where the corridor meets the existing Hardee- Pebbledale 230-kV line, located along the western edge of Fort Green Road, with the point of intersection being located approximately 1400 feet south of County Road 630. The eastern corridor will be 400 feet wide and is approximately one mile long. The northern corridor commences from an onsite substation and runs in a westerly direction onsite until it meets State Road 37. This onsite portion of the northern corridor will be 400 feet wide and approximately three quarters of a mile long. At the point where the northern corridor meets State Road 37, the corridor turns northeast and continues in that direction parallel to State Road 37 to a point south of Bradley Junction, where it turns to the northwest, and then to the north, crossing Doc Durrance Road. At this point, the northern corridor meets the existing Mines Pebbledale 230-kV transmission line. The width of the northern corridor along State Road 37 is one-half mile and the width in the northwestern segment is one mile. The total offsite length of the northern corridor is approximately 5.2 miles. Existing Land Uses The eastern corridor is located exclusively on land that previously has been mined for phosphate. The onsite portion of the northern corridor also crosses only land previously mined for phosphate. The northern corridor east of State Road 37 and north of County Road 630 encounters undeveloped land, a citrus grove, an abandoned gasoline service station, phosphate mining lands, a wetland, scattered residences, and unclaimed phosphate mining lands. Land uses within the northern corridor west of State Road 37 include inactive clay settling areas, mixed forested areas and scattered citrus groves, wetland areas, phosphate mining lands, scattered residences, and a clay settling pond. Existing land uses within the northwestern segment of the northern corridor include reclaimed agricultural lands, a reclaimed lake, and a clay settling area. Consistency With Applicable Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance The Polk Power Station site and associated electrical transmission line corridors are located exclusively in Polk County. Therefore, the land use plan and zoning ordinances applicable to the Polk Power Station and associated components and transmission lines are those adopted by Polk County. Conditional Use Permit On January 24, 1992, Applicant filed with Polk County a conditional use permit application for the Polk Power Station. Supplemental information for that application was submitted by Applicant on February 12, 1992. The project was reviewed at an impact review meeting on March 16, 1992. The Polk County Zoning Advisory Board recommended approval of a conditional use permit for the project on May 13, 1992. On June 2, 1992, the Polk County Board of County Commissioners unanimously approved Applicant's conditional use permit application and on June 18, 1992, Conditional Use Permit number 92-05 was issued. Polk County Land Use Plan The land use plan that governs the Polk Power Station site and associated transmission line corridors is the Polk County Comprehensive Plan, as adopted by the Polk County Board of County Commissioners on April 19, 1991. The future land use element of the Polk County Comprehensive Plan allows for the development of certified electric power generation facilities (i.e., generation facilities and ancillary facilities required to be certified pursuant to the PPSA) in the phosphate mining (PM) future land use category if the proposed facility is reviewed and approved by Polk County through a conditional use permit. The Polk County Comprehensive Plan also contains specific objectives and policies which are used in determining the appropriateness of a location for a certified electric power generating facility. These include locational, environmental, development approval, and adjacent development criteria contained in the future land use element. Also, general policies and objectives relating to design and operational features for developments within Polk County are contained in the future land use, conservation, economic, traffic circulation, and infrastructure elements of the Comprehensive Plan. Electric transmission lines are permitted as specialized uses in all future land use categories in Polk County, subject to County approval. Polk County has stipulated that the site of the proposed Polk Power Station and associated transmission line corridors, which are subject to the conditions contained in Conditional Use Permit number 92-05, are in compliance and consistent with the Polk County Comprehensive Plan. The power plant site is in compliance and consistent with the Polk County Comprehensive Plan. This determination is based on the fact that the Polk Power Station, a facility required to undergo certification review pursuant to the PPSA, is a certified electric power generating facility to be located within the PM future land use category. Electric power generating facilities such as the Polk Power Station are allowed in the PM future land use category if the County grants its approval in the form of a conditional use permit. Here, Conditional Use Permit number 92-05 has been issued by the County approving the Polk Power Station site. Furthermore, the proposed Polk Power Station site complies with the locational, environmental, development approval, and adjacent development criteria of the land use element of the Comprehensive Plan applicable to certified electric power generating facilities as well as with the general policies for developments contained in the future land use, conservation, economic, infrastructure and traffic circulation elements of the Plan. With respect to the Polk Power Station transmission line corridors, the eastern transmission corridor and onsite portions of the northern corridor are located within the PM future land use category. The offsite portion of the northern corridor is located primarily within the PM future land use category with a small area in the southern portion of this corridor located in the agricultural/residential-rural category. Because transmission lines are permitted uses within all future land use categories, subject to Polk County approval, and County approval was issued for the Polk Power Station transmission line corridors in the form of Conditional Use Permit number 92-05, the Polk Power Station transmission line corridors are in compliance with the Polk County Comprehensive Plan. Polk County Zoning Ordinance Power stations are Class III Essential Services in Polk County, which are allowed conditional uses in the Rural Conservation (RC) zoning district. Electric transmission lines are Class I Essential Services under the Polk County Zoning Ordinance. Class I Essential Services are permitted uses in all zoning districts located within the transmission line corridors. Polk County has stipulated that the proposed site for the Polk Power Station and the associated transmission line corridors, which are subject to Conditional Use Permit number 92-05, are consistent and in compliance with the Polk County Zoning Ordinance. The proposed Polk Power Station site is in compliance and consistent with the Polk County Zoning Ordinance. This determination is based on the fact that Polk Power Station site is located exclusively within the RC zoning district, and Class III Essential Services, which include the Polk Power Station generating facility, are allowed conditional uses within the RC district subject to County approval in the form of a conditional use permit. Since Conditional Use Permit number 92-05 was issued to the Applicant for the Polk Power Station site, the site is consistent with the Polk County Zoning Ordinance. With respect to the Polk Power Station transmission line corridors, the entire eastern transmission line corridor and the onsite portion of the northern transmission line corridor lie within the RC zoning district. The offsite portion of the northern corridor is located predominately within the RC district with a small area within the Regional Commercial (C-3), Single Family Mixed residential (SF-1M), and Residence (R-1) zoning districts. Because transmission lines such as those associated with the proposed project are Class I Essential Services permitted in all Polk County zoning districts, it must be concluded that the Polk P ower Station transmission line corridors are consistent with the Polk County Zoning Ordinance.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Governor and Cabinet sitting as the Siting Board enter a Final Order finding that the proposed site of the Polk Power Station and associated facilities, including the site of the corridors for the directly associated transmission lines, are consistent and in compliance with existing land use plans and zoning ordinances. DONE and ENTERED this 23rd day of November, 1992, in Tallahassee, Florida. DIANE K. KIESLING Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, FL 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 23rd day of November, 1992. APPENDIX TO RECOMMENDED ORDER IN CASE NO. 92-4896EPP The following constitutes my specific rulings pursuant to Section 120.59(2), Florida Statutes, on the proposed findings of fact submitted in this case. Specific Rulings on Proposed Findings of Fact Submitted by the Applicant and DER 1. Each of the following proposed findings of fact is adopted in substance as modified in the Recommended Order. The number in parentheses is the Finding of Fact which so adopts the proposed finding of fact: 1-27(1-27). COPIES FURNISHED: Lawrence N. Curtin Attorney at Law Holland & Knight Post Office Drawer 810 Tallahassee, FL 32302 Representing Applicant Richard Donelan Assistant General Counsel Department of Environmental Regulation 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 Representing DER Hamilton S. Oven, Jr. Office of Siting Coordination Division of Air Resources Mgmt. Department of Environmental Regulation 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 Lucky T. Osho Assistant General Counsel Department of Community Affairs 2740 Centerview Drive Tallahassee, FL 32399-2100 Representing DCA Michael Palecki, Chief Bureau of Electric & Gas Florida Public Service Commission 101 East Gaines Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0850 Representing PSC M. B. Adelson, Assistant General Counsel Department of Natural Resources 3900 Commonwealth Blvd. Tallahassee, FL 32399-3000 Representing DNR Vernon Whittier Assistant General Counsel Department of Transportation 605 Suwanee Street, M.S. 58 Tallahassee, FL 32399-0491 Representing DOT James Antista, General Counsel Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission Bryant Building 620 South Meridian Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-1600 Representing GFWFC Martin D. Hernandez Richard Tschantz Assistant General Counsels Southwest Florida Water Management District 2379 Broad Street Brooksville, FL 34609-6899 Representing SFWMD Julia Greene, Executive Director Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council 9455 Koger Boulevard St. Petersburg, FL 33702 Representing Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council R. Douglas Leonard, Executive Director Central Florida Regional Planning Council 490 East Davidson Post Office Box 2089 Bartow, FL 33830 Representing CFRPC John J. Dingfelder Attorney at Law Hillsborough County Post Office Box 1110 Tampa, FL 33601-1110 Representing Hillsborough County Mark Carpanini Attorney at Law Office of County Attorney Post Office Box 60 Bartow, FL 33830-0060 Representing Polk County Sara M. Fotopulos Chief Counsel Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County 1900 Ninth Avenue Tampa, FL 33605 Representing EPCHC Honorable Lawton Chiles Governor State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, FL 32399 Honorable Robert A. Butterworth Attorney General State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, FL 32399-1050 Honorable Bob Crawford Commissioner of Agriculture State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, FL 32399-0810 Honorable Betty Castor Commissioner of Education State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, FL 32399 Honorable Jim Smith Secretary of State State of Florida The Capitol, PL-02 Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250 Honorable Tom Gallagher Treasurer and Insurance Commissioner State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, FL 32399-0300 Honorable Gerald A. Lewis Comptroller State of Florida The Capitol, Plaza Level Tallahassee, FL 32399-0350
Findings Of Fact An Overview Petitioner, Harry Burge (Burge or petitioner), who was born on July 22, 1909, was hired by respondent, National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB), on March 19, l981. 1/ The parties have stipulated that NFIB is an employer within the meaning of Subsection 760.02(6), Florida Statutes. The firm is a nonprofit, nonpartisan lobbying organization for small and independent businesses throughout the United States, having members in all fifty states. It is financed through the sale of memberships to small business owners. Such sales were made in one of two ways: by telephone (or telemarketing) and in person through a field force. Although its principal office is in San Mateo, California, it also has an office in Fort Lauderdale, Florida where its telemarketing division is located. When the events herein occurred, Burge was manager of the telemarketing division with responsibilities of employing, training and supervising the employees, who numbered around fifteen, and generally overseeing the division's operations. The telemarketing division was established by NFIB in April, 1981 after Burge, with the assistance of Robert W. Haverty, brought the idea of doing so to the attention of NFIB. Basically, Burge and Haverty suggested that NFIB solicit (by telephone) former members who had decided, for one reason or another, not to renew their memberships. This type of sale was more commonly known as a "reinstatement." The idea resulted in the hiring of both, with Haverty, who was then sixty-two years of age, assuming the position of assistant manager. Although called the assistant manager, Haverty was actually considered to be a "co-manager" with Burge. In 1985, NFIB made a management decision to create a western telemarketing division in Walnut Creek, California and to rename the Fort Lauderdale division as the eastern division. The western division was to be established on a one-year trial basis to determine if it was financially feasible and would be managed by Randall E. Parker, then a recently hired thirty-two year old contract employee. At the same time, NFIB's vice president for membership development, John M. Mizenko, who was also Burge's direct supervisor, made a decision to reduce "management costs" in the eastern division. To do this, he determined that only one functional managerial position was needed and that either Burge or Haverty could be terminated. Finding that Haverty was a more capable manager than Burge, Mizenko asked Burge to retire at the end of the year. Burge eventually did so on February 3, 1986, albeit reluctantly, and later concluded that he had been forced to involuntarily retire because of his age. This precipitated the filing of an age discrimination complaint against NFIB with the Florida Commission on Human Relations (Commission). Dialing for Dollars The eastern division headquarters consisted of a telephone room and one "private" office which Burge and Haverty shared. In the telephone room was a bank of telephones used by NFIB sales representatives who solicited memberships for the organization. When the events herein occurred, the representatives telephoned former members who had failed to renew their memberships. Commissions were paid to the solicitors based on the success of their spiel. The success of the solicitors also had a direct bearing on the amount of compensation that Burge and Haverty received. Since being hired in 1981, Burge and Haverty were compensated on an "override" basis under which they received nine and eight percent, respectively, of total division revenues. This formula resulted in Burge receiving total compensation of $89,952 in 1984 and $81,811.19 in 1985. For the first month of 1986, Burge received $8,181. His counterpart, Haverty, earned $81,879 in 1985 and approximately $86,000 the following year. The Genesis of the Termination Decision In the spring of 1985 Mizenko began formulating plans for expanding NFIB's telemarketing services. At that time, Mizenko was recruiting Parker from another organization and told him of his plans to open a second telemarketing center. Memberships were then on the decline, and Mizenko's goal was to create a second division and to devise more creative ways to telemarket NFIB memberships. Mizenko also had plans to hire Parker as the new center's manager, particularly since Parker had extensive telemarketing experience and would bring new sales techniques to NFIB. Mizenko's plan was crystallized in a confidential memorandum sent on June 25, 1-986 to NFIB's president, John Sloan. In it, Mizenko noted that member cancellations were increasing, that the Fort Lauderdale operations were "backed up," and that, by creating a new division, productivity could be increased through competition between the two divisions. He also noted that Parker, a contract employee since May 1985, would be an excellent choice for managing the division since Parker had significant prior telemarketing experience and several new ideas for increasing NFIB revenues. The memorandum explained that under the proposal, both centers would do member reinstatements as well as new business work. Further, it pointed out that, pursuant to Parker's suggestion, two new types of calls would be made by the western division, both designed to enhance membership sales. Finally, Mizenko acknowledged that he could not "develop a cost expectation at that time" but anticipated an increase in revenues. Not all of NFIB's management were convinced a new division should be established. One was W. E Critzer, then vice president of finance administration, who wrote Mizenko a memorandum on August 5, 1985 requesting that, before a new division be established, a specific "business plan" be developed and "the economy in having two telephone centers" be shown. It was Critzer's opinion that a single telephone operation "in the center of the country" with more solicitors and less "supervisory cost" was the most preferable course of action. In response to Critzer's concerns, Mizenko had Parker develop a written "proposed business plan" that was issued on August 16, 1985. After reading it, Critzer remained unconvinced as to the financial feasibility of the plan because the plan called for taking a substantial part of "reinstatement leads" from the eastern division with no corresponding "reduction in staff" for its operations. By memorandum dated August 22, 1985, Critzer accordingly suggested that no changes be approved until the matter of the reduction in Florida's staff was addressed. In a memorandum from Sloan to Mizenko the same date, Sloan expressed surprise that Parker's business plan contained no financial pro forma or forecasting and suggested more thought be given to this matter. However, Sloan acknowledged "great interest" in the project and implied that approval was forthcoming. Tangible evidence of Mizenko's intention to terminate Burge first surfaced in a second memorandum to Sloan dated August 16, 1985. In it, Mizenko stated that the "Fort Lauderdale office has an excess of management and management overhead" and that he (Mizenko) would "ask Harry Burge's retirement at year end." According to the memorandum, NFIB could achieve "a significant reduction in overhead costs" by cutting back from two shifts to one, adding a few WATTS lines, and having Burge retire. Mizenko also noted in the memorandum that the new center would receive 25 percent of the sales leads previously provided to the Fort Lauderdale office. Mizenko gained Sloan's approval for his plan on September 18, 1985. Sloan authorized the new division to operate through 1986 but pointed out his "re-approval" would be necessary for any operations after that date. Sloan also emphasized the fact that western division employees would be hired on a "tentative" basis and that expenses must be closely monitored in both divisions. He added that "on a pure dollar and cents basis, a second telephone operation is not the most economical way to go." (Emphasis original) At hearing, Mizenko admitted that when approval for the division was given, he had no precise figures to show that eastern division management costs could be reduced by terminating Burge. However, his best "judgment" led him to believe this action would produce favorable results in terms of cutting costs. Mizenko also had also decided by this time that Burge should be given the opportunity to retire rather than be terminated, since Mizenko believed Burge would be happier announcing his own retirement. Dinner for Three In late September 1985, Burge, Haverty and Mizenko had drinks and dinner at a cozy restaurant in Fort Lauderdale named the Bombay Bicycle Club. After drinks, and during the initial stages of the meal, Mizenko told Burge that a western telemarketing division would be established, that a new man, Randall Parker, would be its manager, and that two managers would no longer be needed in the eastern division. He also said that he intended Haverty to become eastern division manager and that he wanted Burge to retire at the end of 1985. Prior to these remarks, neither Burge nor Haverty were aware of the reorganization plan or the fact that NFIB considered the eastern division management costs excessive. Burge appeared "surprised" at Mizenko's remarks. He asked, "Why me, instead of Bob (Haverty)?" Mizenko replied that he considered Haverty to be the more capable manager of the two, that Burge had been an excellent employee and that he should look forward to an enjoyable retirement. Mizenko also pointed out that, coupled with Social Security, Burge's pension package would provide a comfortable retirement. Whether Burge enjoyed the remainder of his meal is debatable. However, Burge did not argue with Mizenko about the decision. Burge was not offered any other options at that time, such as reducing his commission, accepting a lesser job, or transferring to another division. According to Mizenko, this was because Burge had refused a lesser sales position when he previously had been fired by NFIB in the mid-1970s. For that matter, neither Burge nor Haverty were ever considered by Mizenko for the position of western division manager. This was because Mizenko thought Parker, having developed the business plan, would be the best person to implement it. At one point, Burge asked Mizenko if he was going to give him another job, but Mizenko did not respond. When the evening ended, both Haverty and Mizenko were under the impression that Burge had accepted Mizenko's decision about retirement. Second Thoughts The next day at work, Burge did not appear happy. He told coworkers he had been "canned" and was being forced to retire. On October 15, Mizenko sent Burge a letter thanking him for his contributions to NFIB, confirming his "intention to commence active retirement," and advising him his retirement date had been extended through the end of January 1986 to "allow sufficient time for Bob Haverty to complete his vacation in January." It also told him to contact NFIB's personnel services director, Lucy Fontenot, if he had any questions "with reference to retirement." On October 23, Burge telephoned Fontenot and Ted Kochenriter, NFIB's treasurer, and during the course of their conversations, told both he had been fired again and did not wish to retire. 2/ This information was conveyed to Mizenko who learned for the first time that Burge was unhappy about his retirement. However, Mizenko did not believe Burge was serious when he made this statement and attributed it to Burge's sense of humor. On November 13, 1985, a memorandum was issued by NFIB to its field force announcing that a new western division was being established effective November 18 with Parker at its helm. On December 5, 1985, or some seven weeks after receiving Mizenko's letter of October 15, Burge advised Mizenko by letter that he wanted to correct any impressions that his retirement might be voluntary and that the retirement was solely Mizenko's idea. He added that he did "not wish to retire," that he desired to continue working, and that his doctors assured him he was physically and mentally sound. On February 3, 1986 Burge "retired" and was replaced by Haverty, who was sixty-eight years of age. The position of assistant manager was filled by another individual, but at a rate of pay (two percent commission) substantially less than was earned by Haverty in 1985. By this time, the western division had been in operation for two and one-half months, and Parker, then thirty-two years of age, was in place as its manager at a salary of almost $80,000 per year. The western division also had an assistant manager who earned less than $24,000 in 1986. Burge's Managerial Style Mizenko's decision that Haverty was a "better all- around" manager than Burge was based on several factors. First, Mizenko considered Haverty to have a better demeanor with other people than did Burge and to be "superior in interfacing with other managers." He also concluded that Haverty was "less caustic" than Burge and that Burge was more prone to exercise poor judgment due to his loose tongue. He believed Haverty to be more receptive to suggestions and criticisms than Burge and more cooperative with other company personnel. According to Mizenko, age had no bearing whatsoever on Burge's termination, particularly since he had been hired in 1981 at age 72 and was being replaced by a 68 year old male. Finally, Mizenko saw no reason to keep two functional managers in the eastern division and determined that one of the two top-level managers must go. Burge is an outspoken and outgoing person. He uses profanity and is prone to yell at employees if foul-ups occur. Although the office had one private area, Burge would reprimand or correct an employee in front of others if he observed any wrongdoing. Burge did not call employees "stupid" but on occasion used that adjective in describing their work. He characterized his co- manager Haverty as "lazy" and was of the opinion that Mizenko did not understand telemarketing. In relation to Burge, Haverty is not so loud or outspoken and has a more temperate managerial style. When disciplining employees, Haverty used more tact and did so in the privacy of his office. However, there is no evidence that any complaints were made against Burge by disgruntled employees. While attending an NFIB convention dinner in San Mateo in early 1984, Burge was seated at a large table with others when the speaker introduced another NFIB manager named Mel Acles. Just when all the noise in the room unexpectedly abated, Burge, who had been drinking, made the comment that Acles was "the biggest asshole in the company." The comment was heard by everyone in the immediate area, including Mizenko and other management personnel. Burge later apologized and eventually wrote Mizenko a letter to that effect and promised that it would not happen again. The NFIB used a form M350 to evaluate field personnel. On or about June 20, 1985 Mizenko instructed Burge to use the form in evaluating telemarketing personnel. Although Burge thought the form was "useless" for evaluating solicitors, he attempted to comply with Mizenko's order. Even Haverty agreed it was a "stupid document" and not appropriate for evaluating marketing personnel. Cost Savings - Real or Hypothetical? A considerable portion of the record is devoted to the question of whether NFIB actually saved any money by terminating Burge. Burge has raised this issue since he asserts that the so-called cost-saving motivation of Mizenko was really a pretext for firing him and that NFIB had no intentions of saving money. To this end, Burge argued that expenses actually increased after his discharge, while the employer contends that managerial costs have declined. To prove their respective contentions, the parties have used different measuring sticks to compare administrative costs when Burge was on the payroll and those incurred after his departure. It should be noted here that the western division experiment proved to be financially unfeasible and the division was discontinued in April 1987. 3/ Indeed, Mizenko characterized the project as a "financial disaster." Mizenko believed that, prior to the decision to establish a new division, studies may have been performed by NFIB's accounting department to ascertain projected savings to be accomplished by terminating Burge. However, he did not know when they were made or if they were reduced to writing. He also acknowledged that there were no formal projections or studies made which formed the sole basis for terminating Burge. In any event, documentation introduced into evidence reveals that eastern division management compensation totaled $162,454 in 1985 but dropped to $111,230 in 1986, or a decline of $51,224 in one year. At the same time, western division management compensation totaled $78,362 in 1986, so that total telemarketing compensation increased by $10,160 during that time period. This figure must be tempered, however, by the fact that the two divisions produced $458,668 in additional revenues over that generated by one division in 1985. Thus, the overall proportion of management costs to revenue fell from 18.0 percent in 1985 to 12.8 percent in 1986. In addition, management costs as a proportion of revenue in the eastern division alone dropped from 17.3 percent in 1985 to 11.0 percent in 1986. It also is noted that with the departure of Burge, and a 25 percent loss in sales leads, the eastern division still increased its revenues in 1986. Projected budgets for the telemarketing division normally are prepared four to five months before the fiscal year. Accordingly, 1986 projected budgets would have been formalized around the time the western division plan was approved. For 1986 NFIB projected total revenues of $962,500 from both divisions and total management costs of $178,879. While the projected management costs exceeded 1985 costs by 18.6 percent, revenues were also projected to increase by $112,000 in 1986. Thus, NFIB predicted an increase in net revenues after its reorganization plan was in place. Job Evaluations No formal evaluations of Burge's performance were ever conducted by Mizenko, and Burge's personnel file did not contain any negative comments. All Burge's colleagues and subordinates appearing at hearing or through deposition testimony considered him to be a good employee and believed he had done a good job in leading the division. From a performance standpoint, it is noted that in 1985, the division exceeded its budgeted sales of $845,000 by approximately $94,000. Miscellaneous Since leaving NFIB, Burge has attempted to find other work but has found none paying as much as he earned at NFIB. The record does not reflect whether he actually accepted any employment after February 3, 1986. Had he remained with NFIB in 1986, his annual compensation would have been nine percent of total revenues, or $91,196. The division's revenues for 1987 are not of record; therefore, lost wages in 1987 cannot be determined.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing findings of fact and conclusions of law, it is RECOMMENDED that a final order be entered denying the petition for relief with prejudice.. DONE AND ORDERED this 14th day of December, 1987, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. DONALD R. ALEXANDER Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 14th day of December, 1987.
The Issue The issue is whether Petitioner was subjected to a hostile work environment based on his gender in violation of section 760.10(1)(b), Florida Statutes.
Findings Of Fact Respondent, EarthLink, is a nationwide telecommunications company that employed more than 15 employees at all times relevant to this matter. EarthLink provided managed network, security, and cloud solutions to individual and multi-location businesses located nationwide, including Florida. EarthLink is an employer as that term is defined by the FCRA, as amended. At all times material to the complaint of discrimination, Petitioner, Mr. Tensen, worked at EarthLink. Mr. Tensen worked at EarthLink from November 2013 until his position was eliminated on March 20, 2015. Mr. Tensen began his employment at EarthLink as a major Channel manager in 2013 and he was then promoted to senior director of partner development in 2014. Mr. Tensen is a male. Mr. Tensen was an employee of EarthLink as that term is defined by the FCRA. Petitioner is a member of a protected class. Mr. Tensen filed a complaint with the Commission alleging EarthLink, through Ms. Turpin, created a hostile work environment and had bias against men; promoted a woman despite his being qualified for the position; and retaliated against him for complaining about the alleged hostile work environment. The Commission issued a no cause determination and Mr. Tensen filed a Petition for Relief, which is the matter before the undersigned. By way of background, Mr. Tensen applied for a position with EarthLink in or around October 2013 based on encouragement of J.R. Cook, who was then leading the EarthLink Channel (“Channel”) organization. At the suggestion of Mr. Cook, Mr. Tensen listed Sherri Turpin as a professional reference. At that time, Ms. Turpin was the vice president of the master agent program, and she ran the Channel in partnership with Mr. Cook. Mr. Cook asked Ms. Turpin to interview Mr. Tensen for a Channel manager position, a junior position in the Channel organization. Mr. Tensen was more than qualified for and perhaps, over-qualified for the position. Ms. Turpin interviewed Mr. Tensen by phone and then, participated in the decision to hire him. EarthLink hired Mr. Tensen as a senior Channel manager for the southeast region, and he reported to James Dunn (southeast regional director). EarthLink Organizational Structure EarthLink had a model for the Channel team that was based on a sell-through model, where the goal is to motivate partners and brokers to sell EarthLink’s products to their customers. The Channel team leverages relationships with consultants or partners, pitching EarthLink’s services to them, and differentiating EarthLink’s services to the consumer. The Channel team is comprised of Channel managers, who report directly to regional directors. Channel managers are tasked with the primary responsibility of working directly with partners to manage sales of EarthLink’s products and services. At the time Mr. Tensen was hired, the regional directors were Mr. Dunn, Randy Landers, and Paul Keefe, all males. They reported to Ms. Turpin who, in turn, reported to Mr. Cook. A separate group of employees, known as partner development directors or PDDs, work with the Channel managers to focus on the largest partners, identified as “master agents.” Master agents have ties to national or regional carriers. The PDDs offer additional support to Channel managers to facilitate sales with partners. The PDDs are in an overlay role, meaning their primary task is to assist the direct contributors (Channel managers and regional directors) in making their quota. In 2013 through 2014, EarthLink experienced difficulties with retaining some accounts after the initial sale, a problem commonly known as “churn.” Mike Toplisek, the then executive vice president and chief revenue officer, decided that EarthLink should create an organization dedicated to the retention of existing customers and he selected Ms. Turpin to develop, implement, and lead the organization. In the new churn organization, Ms. Turpin worked with, among others, Ashley Powell. After Ms. Turpin left the Channel team in January 2014, Mr. Tensen was promoted to a PDD position in the Channel team, reporting directly to Mr. Cook. PDDs have responsibilities for overseeing relationships with three to seven master agents, and they are charged with business development, hosting marketing events, and developing collaboration and alignment between the consultant and Channel managers. In essence, the PDD role is a marketing role in a triangular relationship between the Channel managers, the master agents, and the PDD. In early 2014, Mr. Cook informed Mr. Toplisek of his intention of leaving the Company, prompting a need to find a new Channel chief. Mr. Toplisek interviewed two or three internal candidates, including Petitioner and Ms. Turpin. In the meantime, Mr. Toplisek appointed Ms. Turpin as the interim Channel chief based on Mr. Cook’s recommendation. Ms. Turpin worked in telecommunications her entire career. In fact, Ms. Turpin worked for XO Communications for 17 years before working at EarthLink. At XO, she was responsible for a direct sales course and she ran a Channel as a sales executive. Similar to the Channel at EarthLink, she also worked on a sell-through-model. Ms. Turpin testified that she had approximately seven to eight years of experience working in the Channel when she applied for the Channel chief position. EarthLink’s then CEO recruited Ms. Turpin away from her position to work with Mr. Cook, who was the Channel chief at that time. Ms. Turpin and Mr. Cook created the national master agent program at EarthLink. Ultimately, Mr. Toplisek selected Ms. Turpin based on her prior experience running the Channel with Mr. Cook and Mr. Cook supported Mr. Toplisek’s decision. Mr. Tensen disagreed with the decision to hire Ms. Turpin as Channel chief because he believed that he should have been selected. He believed that he had the necessary qualifications and experience and that Ms. Turpin was lacking in experience as purportedly indicated in Ms. Turpin’s 360 assessment review. Ms. Turpin did have negative comments on her 360 assessment review. However, those comments were a small fraction of the overall assessment. In the 360 assessment review, she was described as an extreme asset to EarthLink with the ability to problem-solve, build relationships, and motivate her team for success. Ms. Turpin’s rating in each category of assessment and overall rating was “fully productive.” Ms. Shmalo (Earthlink’s former human resources partner) testified that Ms. Turpin’s rating was positive. The preponderance of evidence presented at the hearing establishes that Ms. Turpin had the necessary qualifications and experience to be the Channel chief. Mr. Cook and Mr. Toplisek agreed that Ms. Turpin was the best candidate for the position. Mr. Cook believed that Mr. Tensen might be disappointed in not being selected to lead the Channel and he suggested that Mr. Toplisek ensure that Mr. Tensen did not feel slighted and was made to feel important. Accordingly, Mr. Toplisek reached out to Petitioner and invited him to have confidential discussions from time to time so that Mr. Toplisek could get his perspective on the Channel, employee morale, and messaging. Mr. Toplisek credibly testified that he never claimed he was forced to select Ms. Turpin over Mr. Tensen as the Channel chief, nor did he promise that Petitioner would replace Ms. Turpin in the future. The undersigned is not in a position to second-guess EarthLink’s decision to promote Ms. Turpin, who was qualified for the position, to replace Mr. Cook as the Channel chief absent evidence that the decision was based on a discriminatory practice. The fact that Mr. Tensen met the qualification for the position did not give him the exclusive right to being hired for the position. Petitioner failed to establish that the decision to select Ms. Turpin as the Channel chief was based on bias against males or any other discriminatory practice. Ms. Turpin’s Actions In May 2014, shortly after assuming the position of Channel chief, Ms. Turpin initiated a meeting with all her new Channel employees in Dallas, Texas. The two purposes of the meeting were to better understand the Channel organization that Mr. Cook had assembled in Ms. Turpin’s absence and to transition Ms. Turpin’s churn duties to other members of the churn organization. Ms. Turpin allowed some members of the churn team, including Ms. Powell, to sit in on the meetings with the Channel team. Ms. Powell did not have prior experience in Channel sales, but she was interested in learning about it. Ms. Powell testified that Ms. Turpin took her to the meeting to meet the new team and to get an idea about the Channel. Ms. Powell claimed that Ms. Turpin had informed her that she would have a position in the Channel sales team. At the Dallas meeting, Ms. Turpin conducted a review of all of the regions, Channel managers, and master agents. In the meeting, each of the regional directors, including Mr. Dunn, presented on their respective teams and Channel managers. During Mr. Dunn’s presentation, Ms. Turpin raised concerns about one of his Channel managers, Andrew Butts. Ms. Turpin criticized Mr. Butts based on his production, practices, and/or work habits. Mr. Dunn noted that in the year 2013, Mr. Butts received an award for the top five percent performance in the company. Mr. Tensen testified that Mr. Butts was the highest achiever for multiple years. Although Mr. Butts had good past performance, Ms. Turpin was concerned about his performance at that time.2/ Mr. Dunn believed that it was inappropriate to speak about Channel managers in the manner Ms. Turpin used. Mr. Dunn asked Ms. Turpin to refrain from degrading Andrew Butts. Although Mr. Dunn maintained that he raised his concerns in a calm manner, several witnesses, including Ms. Powell and Ms. Bouras, contradicted that assessment. For example, Ms. Powell said that Mr. Dunn was “very emotional” and that he “raised his voice” when he expressed his concerns. Stephanie Bouras recalled that Mr. Dunn’s voice was “[e]levated” and that “[h]e was frustrated and angry.” Ms. Turpin recalled that Mr. Dunn stood up, screamed, and yelled, and that he refused to follow her direction to manage Mr. Butts’ performance. Mr. Dunn conceded that after he challenged Ms. Turpin, “the room got quiet, as quiet as it could get.” Further, Mr. Dunn noted that several people approached him after his comments and counseled him to apologize to Ms. Turpin. Mr. Dunn did not apologize for his actions. Mr. Tensen claimed Ms. Turpin targeted Mr. Butts because he was male. To the contrary, however, Ms. Bouras and Ms. Turpin credibly testified that the discussion about Mr. Butts was not because of his gender. Following Mr. Dunn’s outburst, Ms. Turpin consulted Mark Hopkins, the vice president of human resources, to seek guidance. Based on the guidance from Mr. Hopkins, she ultimately spoke with two prior supervisors who described separate incidents in which Mr. Dunn “exploded” or “lost his cool” at an off-site meeting. Based on the conduct she observed during the Dallas meeting and the events relayed to her by Mr. Dunn’s prior supervisors, Ms. Turpin decided to terminate his employment for insubordination. Mr. Dunn claimed that he was told his position was eliminated and he received a severance package. Ms. Turpin played no role in deciding whether Mr. Dunn should be offered a severance package in exchange for a release. Likewise, Ms. Shmalo had no involvement in Mr. Dunn’s separation and has no knowledge of whether he was offered a package in exchange for a release. According to Ms. Shmalo, generally an employee who is separated for cause, i.e., insubordination, is not eligible for a severance package. However, any individual offered a severance package, even if for business reasons, would be classified as having their position eliminated. Although Petitioner claimed that Ms. Turpin said, “Sometimes you have to throw one of the boys under the bus” after the Dallas meeting, that alleged statement is inconsistent with the statement Petitioner provided in an email to Ms. Turpin and Mr. Toplisek which noted, in part, “Sherri, thank you for creating an environment where we could all have our own breakthrough moments. Best off site I've ever attended!” This email makes no reference to Ms. Turpin making references to throwing “a boy under the bus,” nor does the email make any reference to discrimination, bias, or harassment. Based on the description of Mr. Dunn’s actions at the meeting as related by Ms. Bouras, Ms. Powell, and Ms. Turpin, the preponderance of the evidence supports that Mr. Dunn was terminated for insubordination, rather than his position being eliminated. Mr. Tensen failed to produce evidence to support a finding that Mr. Dunn was terminated because he was male. Following Mr. Dunn’s termination, Ms. Turpin interviewed four candidates to replace him: Petitioner, Ms. Powell, Rob Olson, and an external candidate. Despite Ms. Powell’s claims, Ms. Turpin did not discuss or offer a director position to Ms. Powell before the Dallas meeting or prior to Mr. Dunn’s termination. Ms. Turpin first gave Mr. Tensen the opportunity to replace Mr. Dunn, but he deferred to Ms. Turpin’s judgment about his optimal role. Ms. Turpin ultimately selected Ms. Powell for the role. Shortly after Ms. Turpin became the Channel chief, she further restructured the partner development organization, promoting Mr. Tensen to senior partner development director, with the remaining PDDs reporting directly to him. Petitioner received a raise of more than $20,000 per year in total compensation. Ms. Turpin also advocated for Petitioner to be eligible to receive stock options. Ms. Turpin succeeded in obtaining stock options for Petitioner, an extremely valuable benefit. In arguing for extra money and stock options for Mr. Tensen, Ms. Turpin referred to him as her “right hand guy” and noted he would be vital for the growth of the business and the plans for the Channel. Around the same time, Ms. Turpin received approval to add a new PDD to her team. She selected Michael Brennan for the position, resulting in a promotion and increase in compensation. Ms. Turpin had promoted Mr. Brennan on other occasions and advocated for several increases in compensation during her tenure at EarthLink. In addition to the promotion and raises, during the time Mr. Tensen reported to Ms. Turpin, she provided him with a positive performance review, and she described him as an “amazing employee.” Though she noted some areas where Petitioner could improve, she largely praised his contributions to EarthLink. The review notes a “billed revenue” number of $36,062,382, which was 109.15 percent of the stated goal. The billed revenue number in this review reflected all revenue across all customers in the Channel, regardless of whether Mr. Tensen drove or impacted the sales. The 109-percent figure was largely driven by churn, reflecting that customers were not leaving the EarthLink as rapidly. In addition to Mr. Brennan and Mr. Tensen, Ms. Turpin had a good working relationship with Travis O’Keefe, who consistently met his quotas. There was some evidence offered at hearing that Ms. Turpin had a “girl’s club.” Although Mr. Risse testified there was a “women’s team” in management, he admitted that all of the leaders in the Channel organization, except Ms. Powell and Ms. Turpin, were men. Further, he based his belief in part on Jim Dunn’s termination and the mistaken belief that Ms. Powell was selected to replace Mr. Dunn without consideration of external candidates. In fact, the evidence shows Mr. Dunn was terminated for insubordination and four candidates (two males, including Mr. Tensen, an external candidate, and Ms. Powell) were interviewed for the position. The undersigned notes that Mr. Risse did not make any complaints of discriminatory behavior regarding Ms. Turpin’s actions. Reduction in Force In early 2015, EarthLink had a relatively new CEO who shifted EarthLink’s prior strategy and focused on providing the greatest value to shareholders. Around that time, the teams were also not consistently meeting their quotas. The strategy focused on maximizing profits, which, based on the EarthLink’s core business, necessitated a greater emphasis on cost reduction. Specifically, EarthLink focused on reducing operational expenses. Based on the nature of the business, the biggest operational expense was employees. As such, EarthLink would undergo a reduction-in-force (“RIF”). To satisfy this directive, Mr. Toplisek directed his direct reports, including Ms. Turpin, to reduce cost while keeping revenue flow as high as possible. Upon receiving this directive from Mr. Toplisek, Ms. Turpin considered several options to comply with his directive. Ultimately, Ms. Turpin decided to eliminate Mr. Tensen’s position. Because this was a position (the only such position) she had created, Ms. Turpin believed she could absorb majority of the work being performed by Mr. Tensen without significantly increasing the burden on the rest of the Channel team. Ms. Turpin notified Mr. Toplisek of her decision and explained the basis for her selection. Mr. Toplisek supported her decision. On March 9, 2015, Ms. Turpin (and a human resources representative) notified Mr. Tensen by phone that his position was eliminated. Because Mr. Tensen’s position was eliminated as part of the RIF, he was given a severance package. Ms. Turpin testified that elimination of Mr. Tensen’s position was unrelated to his job performance. Ms. Turpin settled on eliminating Petitioner’s role because she believed it had the least amount of impact on sales, as he was in an overlay role and, moreover, one step removed from the PDDs who worked directly with the Channel managers. After Mr. Tensen’s position was eliminated, Ms. Turpin absorbed his responsibilities. No one replaced Mr. Tensen as the position was never refilled. Although Petitioner was the only employee eliminated in the Channel organization, several other employees were also downsized during the RIF. Ms. Shmalo testified that she notified 21 employees in March 2015 that their positions were being eliminated, including both male and female employees. Moreover, in March 2015, EarthLink eliminated the positions of 40 to 50 employees in Toplisek’s sales organization. The preponderance of the evidence supports that the decision to eliminate Mr. Tensen’s position was based on the directive to reduce operation expenses by a RIF and not related to his gender or retaliation. Use of Profanity/Hostile Work Environment Mr. Tensen asserts that Ms. Turpin terminated him because she had a bias against men and that she would use profanity against and “verbally castrate” men. Several witnesses testified at hearing that Ms. Turpin used profanity. Ms. Turpin admitted that she used profanity but it was not in a derogatory or offensive manner. She also stated that no one complained to her that they were offended by the use of profanity. Mr. Toplisek testified that EarthLink employees (men and women) used profanity. He considered the term “bitch(es)” as an endearing term and it was used by Ms. Turpin and others at EarthLink. The term was used for men and women. Ms. Turpin testified that it was an acronym3/ and that she "never referred to a person directly as a bitch." While, this is contradicted by the testimony of Stephanie Bouras, who testified that Ms. Turpin used the term “bitch” as addressed directly to a person, Ms. Bouras noted that the term “bitches” was directed toward men and women, rather than only to men. Ms. Powell also testified that Ms. Turpin called everyone “bitches.” According to Ms. Shmalo, if an employee was uncomfortable with the use of profanity, that individual would be instructed to notify his or her direct supervisor that they felt uncomfortable with the language. Ms. Shmalo also stated that harassment or discrimination is based on conduct involving an individual in a protected class. At all times material to this matter, EarthLink had a policy which prohibits discrimination based on any protected categories, including sex. EarthLink has policies which express its commitment to a workplace free from discrimination. The EarthLink handbook provides, “[w]e respect the individual and our business success depends on employees being able to express their ideas and doing their jobs without fear of harassment or unlawful treatment.” Accordingly, EarthLink requires all employees to be given equal opportunity in “every aspect of employment, including recruitment, hiring, training, promotions, transfers, compensation, benefits, discipline, terminations, and all other privileges, terms and conditions of employment.” Discrimination or harassment on the basis of gender or any other protected characteristic is prohibited. EarthLink provides employees with detailed instructions for reporting any violation of EarthLink’s equal employment and anti-harassment policies, and retaliation against employees who complain about harassment or discrimination is also prohibited. Mr. Tensen claimed that he complained of Ms. Turpin fostering a hostile work environment in a letter to then CEO, Mr. Eazor. Ms. Shmalo had no knowledge of the letter and thus, was not aware of any complaints regarding Ms. Turpin maintaining a hostile work environment. Ms. Shmalo did receive complaints regarding Ms. Turpin from employees working in the Channel. Ms. Powell and Mr. Brennan complained about Ms. Turpin’s leadership style and communication practices. However, they did not complain of discrimination, harassment, a hostile work environment, or bias in favor of women (also known as the girl’s club). Mr. Tensen spoke to Ms. Shmalo after his position was eliminated, but he did not complain to her that he believed his separation was based on discrimination against him because he was male or due to bias against males. Mr. Tensen’s exit interview questionnaire complained of dissatisfaction with Ms. Turpin’s leadership and management style but did not mention any complaints of discrimination or bias against males. EarthLink's Anti-Harassment Policy provides that an employee who is subject to or a witness of harassment must report it to any manager or member of management. Mr. Tensen never complained that he felt uncomfortable with the use of profanity. He never complained that he felt discriminated against. He also never complained to anyone at EarthLink that he believed there was a bias against men before his position elimination. Moreover, he had confidential meetings with Mr. Toplisek and he never mentioned discrimination or a hostile work environment to him before he was terminated. On March 12, 2015, three days after his position elimination, Mr. Tensen spoke with Mr. Toplisek in a phone conversation. During the call, Mr. Tensen expressed that he believed Ms. Turpin terminated him because he sent an email to Mr. Eazor. Mr. Tensen did not state that be believed he was terminated because he is male, or as a result of discrimination or harassment. Mr. Tensen followed up on the conversation with Mr. Toplisek by email later that same day. Although he was critical of Ms. Turpin, he did not mention that he believed he was terminated based on discrimination, harassment, or because he is male. Mr. Tensen alleged that Ms. Turpin retaliated against him after he sent the letter to Mr. Eazor complaining about Ms. Turpin. Ms. Powell testified that before Mr. Tensen was terminated, Ms. Turpin was aware of the letter Mr. Tensen sent to Mr. Eazor and instructed her not to talk with Mr. Tensen because of that “letter.” Ms. Turpin denies this. Ms. Powell’s testimony, which is largely uncorroborated, is found to be not credible on whether Ms. Turpin knew about the letter before Mr. Tensen was terminated. The evidence supports the finding that Ms. Turpin did not learn of the letter until after Mr. Tensen’s position was eliminated. Mr. Tensen sent two emails regarding Ms. Turpin’s leadership and management style. Mr. Tensen sent the first email to Mr. Eazor on February 2, 2015, where he outlined his concerns about Ms. Turpin, including that she created and sustains a hostile work environment. On March 12, 2015, a second email was sent to Mr. Toplisek (three days after Mr. Tensen was terminated). Similar to the first letter, Mr. Tensen complained about Ms. Turpin and it also mentioned the first letter to Mr. Eazor. On March 12, 2015, Mr. Toplisek forward Mr. Tensen’s second email (mentioning the letter to Mr. Eazor) to Mark Hopkins in human resources. Mr. Hopkins discussed Mr. Tensen’s email with Ms. Turpin. Mr. Hopkins agreed with Mr. Toplisek that he should cease communication with Mr. Tensen. Ms. Turpin and Mr. Toplisek credibly testified that they did not learn of the letter to Mr. Eazor until after Mr. Tensen was terminated. Mr. Tensen failed to provide evidence to demonstrate that he complained of discrimination or a hostile work environment before he was terminated from EarthLink. It is undisputed that Petitioner received a positive performance review for 2014 and exceeded his quota for that year by more than nine percent. He was recognized for his ability to drive results. He was successful in motivating his team to focus on driving sales. He was recognized as very efficient and effective when it came to putting customers first. He was characterized as a key to the success of his department. However, the credible evidence supports that Mr. Tensen’s position being eliminated had nothing to do with his work performance; rather, it was due to the company-wide RIF. Petitioner offered no credible evidence that EarthLink’s elimination of his position was in retaliation for any complaint of discriminatory employment practices or due to gender bias against males. While Petitioner was employed with EarthLink, he never complained about discrimination or a hostile work environment.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Florida Commission on Human Relations issue a final order dismissing Petitioner’s discrimination complaint and Petition for Relief consistent with the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law of this Recommended Order. DONE AND ENTERED this 1st day of June, 2017, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S YOLONDA Y. GREEN Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 1st day of June, 2017.
The Issue The issue is whether Palm Beach County's application for a permit to construct a domestic wastewater collection/transmission system in Palm Beach County should be approved.
Findings Of Fact Based upon all of the evidence, the following findings of fact are determined: Parties The County is a political subdivision of the State of Florida and is the permittee in this matter. The County Water Utilities Department currently serves approximately 425,000 persons, making it the largest utility provider in Palm Beach County and the third largest in the State of Florida. ITID is an independent water control special district created by special act of the legislature in 1957 and whose boundaries lie within the County. Portions of the transmission line to be constructed by the County will cross easements and roads, and pass under canals, owned by ITID. Petitioners Joseph Acqualotta, Michael D'Ordine, Ann Hawkins, and Lisa Lander all live in areas in close proximity to the proposed transmission line. Lander lives adjacent to the proposed route of the line along 40th Street North, while Acqualotta, D'Ordine, and Hawkins live adjacent to the proposed route along 140th Avenue North. Acqualotta, Hawkins (but not D'Ordine, who resides with Hawkins), and Lander own the property where they reside. Petitioners Troy and Tracey Lee (Case No. 05-2979), Lisa Gabler (Case No. 05- 2980), and Anthony and Veronica Daly (Case No. 05-2982) did not appear at the final hearing. The Department is an agency of the State of Florida authorized to administer the provisions of Part I of Chapter 403, Florida Statutes, and is the state agency charged with the responsibility of issuing domestic wastewater collection/ transmission permits under Section 403.087, Florida Statutes (2004).1 Background On December 15, 2004, the County filed its application with the Department for an individual permit to construct a domestic wastewater collection/transmission system (Transmission Line). The Transmission Line is one element of the County's Northern Region Utilities Improvement Project (Project) and will be approximately 41,050 feet long and comprised of approximately 32,350 linear feet of 20-inch force main and 18,700 linear feet of 30-inch force main (or nearly ten miles in length). A primary purpose of the Project is to provide water and wastewater service to the Village, a 1,900 acre parcel located in the unincorporated part of the County several miles west of the Florida Turnpike, south of State Road 710, and north of the Villages of Wellington and Royal Palm Beach. The Village will be the home of the Scripps Project and Campus. The Transmission Line will run from the southeastern corner of the Village south to Northlake Boulevard, then east to 140th Avenue North, then south along that roadway to 40th Street North, where it turns east until it interconnects with existing facilities. The wastewater will be collected in a regional pump station on the Scripps Project site, where it will be pumped through the Transmission Line to the East Central Plant, which will be the primary treatment facility. The East Central Plant is owned and operated by the City of West Palm Beach (City), but the County owns between forty and forty-five percent of the treatment capacity. Because the wastewater system is interconnected, the wastewater could also be treated at the County's Southern Regional Plant. Ultimately, the flow from the Scripps Project will be one or two million gallons per day. The Transmission Line is the only way that wastewater can be handled at the Scripps Project. A preliminary analysis by the Department and the South Florida Water Management District determined that on-site treatment was not feasible because of the environmentally sensitive nature of the area. The Scripps Project will include residential units, commercial entities, and institutional uses, such as medical clinics. Besides serving these customers, the Transmission Line will also serve other customers in the area. The County has already signed agreements with the Beeline Community Development District (which lies a few miles northwest of the Village) and the Village of Royal Palm Beach (which lies several miles south-southeast of the Village). At the time of the hearing, the County anticipated that it would also sign an agreement with Seacoast Utility Authority (whose service area is located just southeast of the Village) to transport wastewater through the Transmission Line. All of the treatment facilities have sufficient existing capacity to treat the estimated amount of domestic wastewater that will be generated by the Scripps Project and the other users that will discharge to the Line. The County commenced construction of the Transmission Line in May 2005 when the Department issued the Permit. On August 2, 2005, the County published the Department's Notice to issue the Permit, and once the Petitions were filed, the County stopped construction pending the outcome of this hearing. Approximately seventy percent of the Transmission Line is now completed. The Permit does not allow the Transmission Line to be used until it is pressure tested and certified complete. Upon completion, the County must receive an Approval to Place a Domestic Wastewater Collection/Transmission System into Operation from the Department. Such approval is given only after the County has given reasonable assurance that adequate transmission, treatment, and disposal is available in accordance with Department standards. See Fla. Admin. Code R. 62-604.700. On August 15, 2005, Petitions challenging the issuance of the Permit were filed by ITID and the individual Petitioners. ITID contends that the Transmission Line will convey not only domestic wastewater, but also industrial waste; that the County did not comply with all applicable technical standards and criteria required under the Department's rules; that the Project will be located on ITID's right-of-way, on which the County has no right to occupy; that the Project will be located within seventy-five feet from private drinking wells and does not provide an equivalent level of reliability and public health protection; and that the pipe material and pressure design is inappropriate for the Transmission Line's requirements. The individual Petitioners (who filed identical Petitions) are mainly concerned about the location of the Transmission Line in relation to their private drinking wells and property, the possibility of the pipe bursting or leaking once it becomes operational, and the restoration of their property to its original condition after construction is completed. As to the property claims by all Petitioners, the County plans to place the Transmission Line in property that it either owns or has an easement, in property that it is in the process of condemning, or in a public right of way. While the County acknowledges that it has already placed, and intends to place other portions of, the Transmission Line in easements that ITID says it has the exclusive right to use and for which a permit from ITID is required, the County alleges that it also has the right to use those easements without an ITID permit. The dispute between the County and ITID is the subject of a circuit court proceeding in Palm Beach County, and neither the Department nor DOAH has the authority to decide property interests. Petitioners' Objections Domestic wastewater and pretreatment The wastewater that will be generated by the Scripps Project is considered domestic wastewater; it will not include industrial wastewater. Waste that is industrial or non- domestic must be pretreated to protect the wastewater plant, collection system, and the health of system workers and the general public. The Department administers a pretreatment program through which it requires a public wastewater utility to police the entities that discharge to their wastewater plants. A central part of the pretreatment program is the local ordinance that gives legal authority to the utility to permit, inspect, and take enforcement action against industrial users who are part of the pretreatment program. The utility files an annual report with an industrial user survey, and the Department periodically inspects and audits local pretreatment programs to ensure they are being operated as intended. The system is not failsafe but is designed to ensure that potentially harmful wastes are rendered harmless before discharge. For example, the utility has the authority to immediately shut water off if a harmful discharge is occurring. Both the County and the City have pretreatment programs approved by the Department. The City has an ordinance that allows it to enforce the pretreatment standards for all entities that discharge to its wastewater system. The County Water Utilities Department has a written pretreatment manual, and the County has zoning restrictions on the discharge of harmful material to the wastewater system. It has also entered into an interlocal agreement under which it agrees to enforce the City ordinance. The County provides wastewater treatment to industrial, educational, and medical facilities, and it has never experienced a discharge from any of these facilities that has caused adverse health or environmental impacts. The County pretreatment program for the Southern Regional Facility was approved in 1997. The City pretreatment program for the East Central Regional Facility was approved in 1980. The Scripps Project must apply for a permit from the County and provide a baseline monitoring report, data on its flow, and information on the flow frequency and raw materials. Medical waste from the Scripps Project will be pretreated to render it safe before it is discharged into the Transmission Line. Transmission Line Design The Transmission Line was designed in accordance with the technical standards and criteria for wastewater transmission lines in Florida Administrative Code Rule 62- 604.300(5). That rule incorporates by reference a set of standards commonly known as the Ten State Standards, which contain several of the standards used in the design of this project. These standards are recommended, but are not mandatory, and a professional engineer should exercise his or her professional judgment in applying them in any particular case. The Transmission Line also meets the design standards promulgated by the America Water Works Association (AWWA). Specifically, the County used the AWWA C-905 design standard for sizing the polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, pipe used in the project. The County has received written certification from the manufacturer that the PVC pipe meets the standards in AWWA C-905. The Transmission Line is designed with stub-outs, which will allow for future connections without an interruption of service, and inline isolation valves, which allow the line to be shut down for maintenance. The Use of PVC Pipe There is no standard regulating the selection of PVC pipe material in the Department's rules. Instead, the Department relies on the certification of the applicant and the engineer's seal that the force main will be constructed to accepted engineering standards. The only specification applicable to the Transmission Line is the Ten State Standard, adopted and incorporated by reference in Florida Administrative Code Rule 62-604.300(5)(g). That document contains a general requirement that the material selected have a pressure rating sufficient to handle anticipated pressures in wastewater transmission lines. The Transmission Line will be constructed with PVC piping with a thickness of Dimension Ratio (DR) 32.5, which is the ratio of the outside diameter of the pipe to its thickness. Higher ratios mean thinner-walled pipes. This is not the first time the County has used 32.5 PVC piping for one of its projects, and other local governments in the State have used 32.5 or thinner pipe. The County is typically conservative in requiring thicker-walled pipe, because most transmission lines are built by developers, and the County is unable to design the entire line or control or inspect its installation. The specifications for wastewater transmission lines built in the County call for the use of DR 25 pipe. On this project, however, the County determined that thicker- walled pipe would have been an over-design of the system because the County controls the pump stations and oversees the installation; therefore, the Director of the Water Utilities Department has waived that requirement. The County considers the use of DR 32.5 PVC to be conservative. Although this pipe will be thinner than what is typically used in the County, it satisfies the Department's requirements. The Department has permitted many miles of similar PVC force mains in South Florida, and none have failed. PVC has benefits over other transmission line material, such as ductile iron. For example, PVC is more corrosion resistant. Wastewater generates hydrogen sulfide as it decomposes, which can form highly corrosive sulfuric acid. Some of the older transmission lines in the County that were made of ductile iron have corroded. PVC also has a superior ability to absorb surges, such as cyclical surges, than ductile iron. It is easier to install, and its interior flow characteristics are smoother than ductile iron or pre-stressed concrete pipe. Mr. Farabee, a professional engineer who testified on behalf of ITID, recommended a DR 14 pipe, which is thicker- walled than the DR 32.5 pipe used by the County. While he opined that the DR 32.5 pipe was too thin for the project, he could not definitively state that it would not pass the 150 per square inch (psi) pressure test. He also opined that the pipe is undersized because it will be unable to withstand the surge pressures during cleaning. The witness further testified that the pipe would be subject to much higher pressures than 150 psi, and therefore it was impossible to know whether the pipe would fail. In his opinion, this means the Department did not have reasonable assurance for the project. The County consulted with the Unibell PVC Pipe Association (Unibell) in the planning of this project. Unibell is a trade association that provides technical support for PVC pipe manufacturers. Robert Walker, a registered professional engineer and Unibell's executive director who testified on behalf of the County, disagreed with Mr. Farabee's conclusions concerning the adequacy of the PVC pipe in this project. The AWWA C-905 standard uses a safety factor of two, which means the pipes are tested at pressures that are at least twice their stated design strength. Mr. Walker explained the different standards that apply to PVC pipe. DR 32.5 pipe, which is used in this project, has a minimum interior pressure rating of 125 pounds per square psi. Each pipe section is tested before it is shipped at 250 psi, and the minimum burst pressure for the material is in excess of 400 psi. The pipe also meets a 1000- hour test at 270 psi. In light of these standards and testing, the pipe will pass the two-hour 150 psi test required by the Department. Mr. Farabee expressed some concern that the PVC pipe would be more prone to breakage than ductile iron or thicker PVC. However, the PVC pipe standards provide that the pipe can be flattened at sixty percent without splitting, cracking, or breaking. At shallow depths on dirt roads, ovalation, which occurs when PVC is flattened through pressure, will initially occur, but over time the soil around the pipe will become compacted and result in re-rounding of the pipe. The joints are three times stiffer than the body of the pipe, which will protect the joint from excessive ovalation and leaking, and the use of mechanical restrained joints will further strengthen the joints. There has been no joint leakage in Florida due to deflection of the joints. Finally, there have been no failures of PVC pipe caused by three-feet of fill, which is the depth to which the Transmission Line pipe will be buried. To further protect the pipe, the County optimized its pumping system to avoid cyclical surges by using variable frequency drive pumps that gradually increase and decrease speed rather than just turning on or off. In addition, the pump stations are fed by two power lines that come from different directions and emergency generators, which should lessen the chances of harmful surging. Testing the Installation The anticipated pressures in the Transmission Line will likely be about 50 psi. After installation, the Line will be pressure tested at 150 psi for two hours, which is sufficient to provide the Department with reasonable assurance that the Line will hold pressure and will not leak. Also, the County contract inspectors are on the construction site daily. If problems with the installation arise later, the County has committed to promptly fix the problem, even if it means digging up the line. During the hearing, ITID asserted that the Uniform Policies and Procedure Manual standards, which the County has adopted for use by developers when constructing wastewater transmission lines, should be applied to the County as well. This standard, which requires pressure testing to 200 psi for PVC pipes larger than 24 inches, has not been adopted by the Department and is not an applicable Department permitting standard. Even if it did apply, the Transmission Line would meet this criterion because it is designed to withstand 270 psi for at least 1,000 hours. Mr. Farabee believed that the entire Transmission Line would be pressure tested after the construction was complete, which would require digging up sections of the pipe to install bulkheads. However, this assessment of the County's testing program is incorrect. Leisha Pica, Deputy Director of the Water Utilities Department, developed the schedule for the project, helped develop the phasing of the work and budget, and oversaw the technical aspects. She stated that the County has successfully tested approximately fifty percent of the line that was already installed at 150 psi for two hours and not a single section of the line failed the test. Compaction The County has stringent backfilling and compaction requirements, which are sufficient to ensure the pipe will be properly installed and that there will be adequate compaction of the fill material. The County plans and specifications provide that compaction must be to ninety-five percent of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standards for non-paved surfaces and one hundred percent of AASHTO standards for paved surfaces. Even ITID's expert agreed that the compaction specifications are sufficient. Mr. Farabee contended, however, that even though the standards are stringent, the County cannot properly test the installation for compliance with the standards. Mr. Farabee believed that testing of the backfill would be done after all of the construction was complete. In that case, he did not see how the testing could be done without digging many holes to check for the density of the backfill. These assumptions, however, are incorrect. The evidence shows that a total of two hundred sixty-four compaction tests have already been done on the portion of the Transmission Line that was completed. No part of the installation failed the tests. The County has an inspector who observes the installation and pressure tests. The compaction was tested at every driveway and major roadway, as well as every five hundred feet along the route. While Lander and D'Ordine pointed out at hearing that no compaction tests have been performed on the dirt roads which run adjacent to their property and on which construction has taken place, the Department requires that, before the work is certified as complete, non-paved roads must be compacted in accordance with AASHTO standards in order to assure that there is adequate compaction of the fill material. The Sufficiency of the Application When an application for an individual transmission/ collection line permit is filed with the Department, the applicant certifies that the design of the pipeline complies with the Department's standards. However, not all of the details of the construction will be included in the permit application. The Department relies on the design engineer to certify that the materials used are appropriate. The application form is also signed and sealed by a professional engineer registered in the State of Florida. All plans submitted by the County, including the original, modifications, and final version, were certified by professional engineers registered in the State of Florida. After receiving the application, the Department requested additional information before issuing the permit, and the County provided all requested information. The original construction plans that were submitted with the application were changed in response to the Department's requests for additional information. The Permit issued by the Department indicates the Transmission Line would be constructed with ductile iron pipe, but this was a typographical error. ITID maintains that all of the technical specifications for the project must be included in the application, and because no separate engineering report was prepared by the County with the application, the County did not meet that standard. While the County did not submit an engineering report, it did submit sufficient data to provide reasonable assurance that the project will comply will all applicable rules of the Department. As a part of its application package, the County submitted construction plans, which contain the specifications required by the Department. Also, the general notes included in the construction drawings specify the use of restrained joints where appropriate, the selection of pipe material, the pressure testing of the Transmission Line, and other engineering requirements. In addition, the plans contain numerous other conditions, which are also specifications sufficient to fulfill the Department's requirements. Finally, further explanation and clarification of the technical aspects of the application was given by the County at the final hearing. At the same time, the Department engineer who oversaw the permitting of this project, testified that a detailed engineering report was not necessary. This engineer has extensive experience in permitting transmission lines for the Department and has worked on over five hundred permits for wastewater transmission and collection systems. The undersigned has accepted his testimony that in a relatively straightforward permit such as this, the application and attachments themselves can function as a sufficient engineering evaluation. This is especially true here since the County is seeking only approval of a pipeline project, which would not authorize the receipt of wastewater flow unless other wastewater facilities are permitted. Impacts on Public and Private Drinking Water Wells As part of the design of the Transmission Line, the County located public and private drinking water wells in the area of the line. County personnel walked the route of the Transmission Line and looked for private wells and researched the site plans for all of the properties along the route. No public wells were found within one-hundred feet of the Transmission Line route, but they did find seventeen private wells that are within seventy-five feet of the line. None of the Petitioners have private wells that are within seventy- five feet of the line. While Petitioners D'Ordine and Hawkins initially contended that the well on Hawkins' property was within seventy-five feet of the Transmission Line, at hearing Mr. D'Ordine admitted that he "misread the plans and referred to the wrong property." In order to protect the private drinking water wells, Florida Administrative Code Rule 62-604.400(1)(b) requires that the County provide an extra level of protection for the wells that are within seventy-five feet of the Transmission Line. The County will provide that extra level of protection by installing restrained joints that will restrain the joints between the pipe sections. The restrained joints are epoxy-coated mechanical devices that reduce the tendency for the pipes to separate under pressure. The County has used these restrained joints on its potable water and wastewater lines in other areas of the County and has never experienced problems with the devices. The restrained joints will provide reliable protection of the private wells within seventy-five feet of the Transmission Line. The Department is unaware of any instances where restrained joints have failed in South Florida. If more wells are discovered that are within seventy-five feet of the Transmission Line, then the County will excavate the Line and install restrained joints. Minimum Separation Distances The County has complied with all applicable pipe separation requirements in the installation of the Transmission Line. More specifically, it is not closer than six feet horizontally from any water main and does not intersect or cross any reclaimed water lines. See Fla. Admin. Code R. 62-555.314(1)(a). It will be at least twelve inches below any water main or culvert that it crosses. See Fla. Admin. Code R. 62-555.314(2)(a). Finally, it will be a minimum of twelve inches below any culverts that it crosses. (However, the Department has no separation requirement for culverts crossed by the Transmission Line.) h. The M-Canal Crossing The Transmission Line must cross the M-canal, which runs in an east-west direction approximately midway between 40th Street North and Northlake Boulevard. The original design called for the Transmission Line to cross above the water, but the City and the Department suggested that it be located below the canal to eliminate the chance that the pipe could leak wastewater into the canal. In response to that suggestion, the County redesigned the crossing so that a 24- inch high density polyethylene pipe in a 48-inch casing will be installed fifteen feet below the design bottom of the canal. The polyethylene is fusion-welded, which eliminates joints, and is isolated with a valve on either side of the canal. Appropriate warning signs will be installed. See Fla. Admin. Code R. 62-604.400(2)(k)2.-5. The depth of the subaqueous line and the use of the slip line, or casing, exceeds the Department's minimum standards. See Fla. Admin. Code R. 62-604.400(2)(k)1. i. Flushing Protocol Section 48.1 of the Ten State Standard recommends that wastewater transmission lines maintain a velocity of two feet per second. When the Transmission Line becomes operational, it will not have sufficient flow to flush (or clean) accumulated solids from the lines at the recommended two feet per second velocities. (Sufficient flow will not occur until other customers connect to the Transmission Line during the first one to three years of operation.) Accumulated solids produce gases and odors that could create a problem at the treatment plant and might leak out of the manhole covers. To address this potential problem, Specific Condition 9 of the Permit requires the County to flush the lines periodically. Pursuant to that Condition, the County plans to flush the Transmission Line with additional water which will raise the velocity to three or four feet per second, so that the accumulated solids will be flushed. The water will be supplied by large portable tanks that will be temporarily set up at several locations along the Line. During the purging of the Line, sewage will collect in the pump stations until the purge is finished. There is sufficient capacity in the pump stations to contain the wastewater. In addition, the County will use a cleansing tool known as a pig, which is like a foam bullet that scrapes the sides of the pipe as it is pushed through the line. This protocol will be sufficient to keep the Line clean. ITID asserts that the County's plan for flushing is inadequate, because it does not provide enough water for long enough to flush both the 20-inch and 30-inch lines. Mr. Farabee calculated that the County would need almost twice the proposed volume, or almost six million gallons, to adequately flush the lines. ITID's analysis of the flushing protocol is flawed, however, because it assumes a constant flow in all segments of the pipe, which is not practical. In order to maintain the flushing velocity of three feet per second, the County will introduce water into the Transmission Line at three separate locations, resulting in a more constant flow velocity throughout the Transmission Line. In this way, it can maintain the proper velocity as the lines transition from a 20-inch to 30-inch to 36-inch pipe. The County has flushed other lines in the past using this protocol and has had no problems. This flushing protocol would only be in effect from one to three years. The County estimates that the necessary volumes to maintain a two-feet-per-second velocity in the 20- inch line would be reached in about one year. The 30-inch line should have sufficient flows sometime in 2008. These estimates are based on the signed agreements the County has with other utilities in the area to take their flows into the Transmission Line. Because of these safeguards, the Transmission Line will not accumulate solids that will cause undesirable impacts while flow is less than two feet per second. Other Requirements The construction and operation of the Transmission Line will not result in the release or disposal of sewage or residuals without providing proper treatment. It will not violate the odor prohibition in Florida Administrative Code Rule 62-600.400(2)(a). It will not result in a cross- connection as defined in Florida Administrative Code Rule 62- 550.200. The construction or operation of the Transmission Line will not result in the introduction of stormwater into the Line, and its operation will not result in the acceptance of non-domestic wastewater that has not been properly pretreated. If constructed and permitted, the Transmission Line will be operated so as to provide uninterrupted service and will be maintained so as to function as intended. The record drawings will be available at the Department's district office and to the County operation and maintenance personnel. Finally, concerns by the individual Petitioners that the County may not restore their property to its original condition after construction is completed are beyond the scope of this proceeding. At the hearing, however, the Deputy Director of the Water Utilities Department represented that the County would cooperate with the individual property owners to assure that these concerns are fully addressed. Reasonable Assurance The County has provided the Department with reasonable assurance, based on plans, test results, installation of equipment, and other information that the construction and installation of the Transmission Line will not discharge, emit, or cause pollution in contravention of the Department's standards.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Environmental Protection enter a final order denying all Petitions and issuing Permit No. 0048923-017-DWC. DONE AND ENTERED this 18th day of October, 2005, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S DONALD R. ALEXANDER Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 18th day of October, 2005.
Findings Of Fact Petitioner, Larry Zeigler, started working for the Quincy Telephone Company as a lineman in the cable maintenance section in 1976 or 1977. His duties include the installing of telephone cable, both buried and aerial. He worked on the job with Claude Butler, Cleveland Zeigler, and Melton W. (Toby) Bruce. These four men, with several others, made up the entire cable and construction section. Among the men in that section, Butler had the most seniority and as a result did most of the paperwork. The job assignments were banded out to the crews by the supervisor of the section and it was company practice that the senior individual was the one in charge and normally responsible for accomplishing the paperwork. Telephone installation at this Company is primarily divided into two major sections. Cable and construction (C&C) is responsible for the outside installation of cable and telephone lines up to a building. Installation and repair (I&R) is a separate department which deals with inside wiring and the actual connection of the telephone instruments. C&C is and was at the time in question supervised by Bruce Gaston. I&R was not. In early May, 1983, Petitioner was transferred for a period of time to I&R to help out though he was still assigned to C&C. Right after lunch on May 27, 1983, he was directed to go to see Bruce Gaston, his supervisor, who advised him that the company was being forced to lay off a number of employees and that he, petitioner, had been selected as one of those. Petitioner contends that neither Gaston nor any other company official ever gave him a reason for discharge other than the force reduction, but this is not so. He claims, however, Gaston did advise at that time that he was aware of petitioner's previous discrimination complaint and that petitioner should not file one this time. Petitioner was confused over these developments. When he was sent over to I&R to help out, he was told that he was the only one in C&C with the skills needed at I&R. If that were the case, he reasoned, why should he be laid off without warning. In addition, at one point during 1982, Petitioner had asked Gaston for a transfer to I&R but was refused at that time because, according to petitioner, Gaston said he was needed in C&C. Petitioner was one of three individuals from the C&C section who were laid off. The others were Horace Jenkins, who is black, and Toby Bruce, who is white. Several individuals from I&R were also laid off and in the interim since the layoff, at least one new employee has been hired. Petitioner is convinced that he could do the job either in C&C or in I&R which was filled by outside recruitment since he was laid off. When a new parent company took over the operation of the Quincy Telephone Company in early 1983, there was a meeting held for all company employees at which a senior management official advised the employees that no layoffs were anticipated. Petitioner denies having any serious trouble with his employment while working for the company. To be sure, there were some rough spots, however. He had some trouble working with Melvin Locke, a more senior employee. According to Petitioner, Locke was lazy and did not want to work, pushing his work off on the Petitioner. They had words and Petitioner brought the matter up with Mr. Gaston. The following day, Mr. Forshay talked with Petitioner about it and advised him to do whatever Locke directed. Though Petitioner did not consider this to be particularly fair, nonetheless, he did as he was told. According to Gaston, however, Petitioner was assigned to work with Locke for on-the-job training in maintenance. It appeared he was selective as to what orders he would follow, refusing to learn how to do maintenance in those areas that did not interest him. On another occasion, according to Petitioner, when he drove a company vehicle into the work lot, Forshay told him he was driving too fast. In doing so, he says, Forshay cursed him in front of outsiders. On still another occasion, he disagreed with the way Forshay handled one of his absences. In summary of Petitioner's position, he feels that he was discriminated against when discharged because: he was there longer than others who were not discharged; less experienced people were retained instead of him; he had several disputes with Mr. Forshay; and, he filed a prior discrimination complaint which he won and had to be rehired. In May, 1983, Gaston was advised by Mrs. Corbin, the general manager of the company, that there was going to be a reduction in force. He was instructed how to identify those to be retained and those to be discharged. The emphasis was to be placed on selecting the best people for retention - not the worst people for discharge. In other words, supervisors were to examine their people closely with a positive attitude to identify those with the best records and the best potential rather than looking for reasons to discharge those with lesser records or potential. He was advised that of the 9 technicians working for him he would be allowed to retain only 6. Using the criteria given him he selected the 6 he would be able to keep which resulted in Petitioner, Mr. H. Jenkins, and Toby Bruce being identified as those not to be retained. Gaston then discussed his selections with Mr. Forshay who in turn forwarded them to Mrs. Corbin with his concurrence. Mrs. Corbin made the ultimate selection and decision. In going over the personnel records of the people in his section, Gaston made a memo on each one which he subsequently placed in each employee's file. There were several significant factors on the memo about Mr. Zeigler which contributed to his being one of the lowest three rated individuals in the section. These were: He frequently missed work for reasons other than illness. Review of Petitioner's time records kept by Mr. Gaston showed that in 1980. Petitioner was late 6 times and absent 11 times. All absences referred to here are unexcused absences wherein the employee did not call in advance to let anyone know he would not be in. This required a readjustment of the work schedule made up in advance on the expectation of the employee's presence. In 1981, he was late 5 times and absent 4 days. Gaston considered this to be an abuse of time off and Petitioner's absentee and tardy rates were much higher than those of the other employees in the section. Other disciplinary problems: On October 5, 1981, Petitioner requested that his time sheet be falsified (that time taken off as personal time be reported as sick leave). Petitioner did not deny this which, according to the company personnel handbook is grounds for dismissal. Though Gaston recommended this, dismissal action was not taken because it appeared to be an isolated incident. Petitioner broke his arm and took time off to see the doctor with the understanding he would call to report when he would be back to work. He failed to call and could not be reached by phone because his service had been disconnected for nonpayment of the bill even though, as a company employee, he got local service free and a discount on toll service. At this point in time, the company required employees to have a phone so that they could be reached in an emergency. Petitioner knew this. Again, here, Gaston recommended disciplinary action and again none was taken even though this was the second time this had happened. Employee conflict with Mr. Locke referenced above. Petitioner's training scores in courses which, though not required, would be beneficial to him in the performance of his duties, were below standard. He was given the opportunity to take the same material on two separate occasions: once at a company school in Winter Park where his scores were unsatisfactory, and again, from a black instructor in Quincy where, again, his score was unsatisfactory. No other student failed to achieve a satisfactory score. Error rate. The reports for January through May, 1983 and after the force reduction, kept by Gaston on the basis of checks made at random with full knowledge of the employees, reveal that the three employees who were laid off from this section were weak with Petitioner having a very high error rate. After the lay off the remaining people doing the same amount of work as before, made fewer errors than while these three were still employed. Paperwork. From time to time, Petitioner was in charge of details which required the completion of paperwork. His paperwork was unsatisfactory. He would let other people on the job do the paperwork. In making the decision as to who was to be retained and who was to be released, seniority was not the key element. Performance and capability were more important and seniority was important only if it carried with it the experience and competence needed. On the basis of the above factors, Gaston felt, and it is clear that his judgment was accurate, that Petitioner's record, not considering his seniority, reflected limited potential and competence. Mr. Gaston did not want to lay off any employees, black or white, because he felt there was ample work to do to keep the entire work force occupied. The work has not let up since the lay off but has increased. Notwithstanding Petitioner's comments that he was not given a reason for his lay off, Mr. Gaston fully explained to each terminated employee why he was being laid off. Mr. Bruce indicates that Gaston told him that if he had his choice, Bruce would still be working. This is true. A similar comment was made to each of the three men being discharged and it had no racial connotation at all. Gaston did want to keep each employee if he could. Race has never been an issue in the department and he always felt race relations were good. Mr. Gaston discharged Petitioner because he was the weakest employee in the section. He was the employee with the least potential for being able to accomplish all the tasks anticipated after the cutback. There are some minor inconsistencies in the official records as reflected by the employee performance appraisal forms rendered on the Petitioner and the personal work records kept by Gaston in his department. They are such things as tardiness and absences and some of the factors relied upon by Gaston in his analysis of the employee which he testified to at the hearing do not specifically appear on the appraisal forms. Gaston justified not putting them there by contending that he felt that at the time the deficiencies were noted, the appropriate corrective action was taken and the matter would not have been raised again had it not been for the cutback. Use of these factors was appropriate in weighing Petitioner's future use to the company in a comparison against other employees. Mr. Gaston's evaluation of Petitioner appears to have been accurate as other employees with whom he worked, such as Evant Jenkins, indicating that when Petitioner was assigned to him for training for several weeks, Petitioner did well in those areas in which he had an interest, but completely failed to learn anything that did not interest him. Mr. Butler also worked with Petitioner frequently and felt that though Petitioner could do the work, there were times he was difficult to work with and insisted on doing things his own way. Petitioner's uncle, Cleveland Zeigler, knows Petitioner's work and rates him as an acceptable worker. He states, however, that the people hired since the lay off in 1983 are high quality people and the work standards and performance have improved since that time. Toby Bruce feels that both Petitioner and Jenkins were highly qualified, perhaps even more so than he. He also feels that the layoffs were not appropriately done in some case with the wrong people being let go. He feels that he was not treated fairly because he had a house mortgage on which to pay, two cars on which to pay, and a family to support and with that, he was let go without notice with only two weeks severance pay. His obvious bias makes his credibility questionable. Mrs. Corbin made her ultimate decision on who would be retained and who would not on the basis of the entire personnel record of each employee which she reviewed over the several weeks prior to the cutback. She contends she had no choice in implementing the layoffs - that though she fought against them, she was directed by higher headquarters to put them into effect. She is convinced that Petitioner is a good construction man but his performance reports showed that he needs training in maintenance and it is her confirmed opinion that he could not compete with those identified for retention. It was on this basis and not on race that the decision was made to let him go. Race has not been an issue with the company and in fact there is a very active and strong equal opportunity program in effect. Of the 11 people cut from the total work force, 6 were white and 5 were black. Even after the cutback, blacks still accounted for 32 percent of the staff of 65.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing, therefore, it is RECOMMENDED that the petitioner, Larry Zeigler's Petition for Relief be denied. RECOMMENDED in Tallahassee, Florida, this 29th day of March, 1985. ARNOLD H. POLLOCK Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 FILED with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 29th day of March, 1985. COPIES FURNISHED: Paul D. Srygley, Esquire 1030 East Lafayette Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Blutcher B. Lines, Esquire P.O. Box 5500 Quincy, Florida 32351 Donald A. Griffin, Executive Director Commission on Human Relations 325 John Knox Road Building F, Suite 240 Tallahassee, Florida 32303
The Issue The issue for determination is whether either of the proposed transmission line corridors for the proposed Lake Agnes-Gifford 230 kV transmission line comply with the criteria in Section 403.529(4), Florida Statutes, and if so, which of those corridors has the least adverse impacts with respect to the criteria in Section 403.529(4), Florida Statutes, including cost. If one of the corridors proper for certification is determined to have the least adverse impacts, the issue is whether certification of that corridor should be approved in whole, with modifications or conditions, or denied. See § 403.529(4) and (5), Fla. Stat. If the two corridors are found to be substantially equal in adverse impacts regarding the criteria in Section 403.529(4), Florida Statutes, including costs, the Siting Board shall certify the Joint Applicants' Preferred Corridor. See § 403.529(5)(c), Fla. Stat.
Findings Of Fact Based upon all of the evidence the following findings of fact are determined: Parties The TLSA establishes TECO, Progress Energy, and the Department as parties to this proceeding, and the following became parties upon their timely filing of a notice of intent to be a party, which each has done: Florida Department of Transportation (DOT), Department of Community Affairs, and the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). See § 403.527(2), Fla. Stat. The following agencies did not participate in the proceeding and did not file a notice of intent before the thirtieth day prior to the certification hearing and each one is deemed to have waived its right to be a party: the PSC; the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Forestry; Osceola County; Polk County; Reedy Creek Improvement District; Department of Health; Department of State, Bureau of Historic Preservation; East Central Florida Regional Planning Council; and Central Florida Regional Planning Council. See § 403.527(3), Fla. Stat. Orange County, Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC), and the SFWMD (during the public comment portion of the hearing only) appeared at the hearing. Pursuant to Section 403.527(2)(c)3., Florida Statutes, any person whose substantial interests are affected and being determined by the proceeding shall be parties to the proceeding upon the filing of a notice of intent to be a party. By stipulation of the parties, having filed a notice of intent to be a party or a petition to intervene, OIC, OUC, Blackwater Associates, Ltd., and Mountain Funding, LLC, are parties to the proceeding without the need to introduce evidence as to substantial interests affected and being determined by the proceeding. The Corridors Proper for Certification The Applicants' Preferred Corridor exits the existing Lake Agnes substation in northeastern Polk County and extends east-northeast approximately 18.9 miles within, adjacent to, or in proximity to the OUC McIntosh-Taft transmission line right- of-way (ROW), which generally runs parallel to Interstate 4 (I-4), across Polk and Osceola Counties. It then turns north and crosses Loughman Road (Polk County Road 54, now known as Ronald Reagan Boulevard), Old Lake Wilson Road, and I-4, and continues north along the Daniel Webster Western Beltway, also known as State Road 429 (SR 429), co-locating in the SR 429 ROW, for approximately 8.6 miles. The Preferred Corridor then turns west and exits the SR 429 ROW, just north of Western Way and enters into PEF's existing easement, crossing Hartzog Road into the planned Gifford substation in southwestern Orange County. The OIC Alternate Corridor is designed to avoid the western edge of the OIC development in Osceola County and commences at the Applicants' Preferred Corridor 2,000 feet south of Funie Steed Road/Oak Island Road on the west side of SR 429, where it turns northwest and proceeds approximately 2,000 feet, and then turns northeast and proceeds approximately 2,000 feet, in an approximate horseshoe shape, to rejoin the Applicants' Preferred Corridor along SR 429. A series of aerial photographs showing both proposed corridors is found at Applicants' Exhibit 21; a map showing both proposed corridors is also found at Department Exhibit 3, page 2. The Application Project Description An electrical transmission line is designed to transport large amounts of electrical power from a generating facility or substation to one or more substations. At the substation, the electricity voltage can be either increased or reduced for further transport or for distribution directly to end users. The Applicants are seeking certification of their Preferred Corridor between the existing Lake Agnes substation and the planned Gifford substation, within which the Applicants will ultimately construct the transmission line on a narrow ROW. Once all property interests in the ROW are acquired, the boundaries of the certified corridor will shrink to the typical width of the 25 to 100-foot wide ROW. In some cases, the ROW will be co-located with an existing transmission ROW that is 145 feet wide. The Project is a joint venture between the Applicants. Of the approximately 27.5 miles of the proposed Lake Agnes- Gifford Line, approximately 10.5 miles are in TECO's service territory and approximately 17 miles are in PEF's service territory. The objectives for the Project are to provide a 230 kV electrical path that connects the existing Lake Agnes substation to the planned Gifford substation, providing a reliable path for the transmission line and reducing the impacts to the community and the environment while maintaining the integrity of Florida's transmission grid. Need for the Line The PSC determined that a new 230 kV transmission line between the existing Lake Agnes substation and the planned Gifford substation is needed, taking into account the need for electric system reliability and integrity and the need to provide abundant, low cost electrical energy to assure the economic well-being of the citizens of the State. The objectives of the Project are to serve the increasing electrical load in the region, to maintain reliability of electrical service within the region, and to minimize future overhead exposure outages within the regional transmission system. The PSC found that the existing Lake Agnes substation and the planned Gifford substation constitute the starting and ending points for the proposed line. The PSC noted that the additional transmission capacity is needed to be in service by June 2011. The PSC also recognized that the Siting Board will make the final determination concerning the route selection upon consideration of the factors and criteria specified in Section 403.529, Florida Statutes. Transmission Line Design The typical design for the transmission line will be a single-shaft tubular steel or spun concrete structure, with the capability of accommodating an additional 230 kV circuit. The poles are proposed to range in height from 85 feet above grade to 175 feet above grade, with the conductors framed in a vertical configuration. Three conductor phases will be used, and each of the three conductors is anticipated to be a bundled 954 Aluminum Conductor Steel Support/Trapezoidal Wire. The conductor is 1.08 inches in diameter with a weight of approximately 1.23 pounds per foot. There will also be a smaller overhead ground wire to provide lightning protection for the transmission circuit. The maximum electrical current rating is 3,000 amperes. The open span length between structures will typically vary between 500 and 1,000 feet, depending on site-specific conditions. Both pole height and span length may vary to accommodate various site-specific conditions that may be encountered, to take advantage of the terrain, to potentially address community concerns, and to avoid environmentally sensitive areas. Existing roadways, access roads, and structure pads will be used for construction and maintenance access to the transmission line wherever practicable. Access roads and structure pads will be constructed only where necessary to provide access for construction, maintenance, and emergency restoration. Where constructed, the typical road top width will be 16 feet, with a 2-to-1 side slope, and a typical elevation of feet above the seasonal high water line. Structure pads will have variable sizes but are typically 75 feet by 150 feet. The structure pads are designed to provide a dry, stable surface for staging material and for equipment setup. Culverts may be installed beneath access roads and structure pads with the specific design reviewed by the appropriate regulatory agencies. The design will be similar to previously approved designs. The proposed design of the transmission line complies with good engineering practices. It will be designed in compliance with all applicable design codes and standards, including the North American Electrical Reliability Corporation's standards, the National Electrical Safety Code, the noise ordinances of Polk, Orange, and Osceola Counties, the Department's regulations on electric and magnetic fields, the Florida Department of Transportation's Utility Accommodation Manual, the standards of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the American Society of Testing and Materials, the American Concrete Institute, and the American National Standards Institute, the requirements of applicable regulatory agencies, as well as the Applicants' own numerous transmission design standards. There are no applicable designs or standards with which the transmission line will not comply. Transmission Line Construction The initial phase of construction is to survey and clear the ROW. Because much of the length of the corridor is co-located, that is, grouped or placed side by side, with existing roads and utility facilities, the need for clearing has been minimized. Where existing ROW widths are insufficient for placement of the transmission Line or where the transmission line will go cross-country, additional clearing will be necessary. Upland areas will be cleared to ground level. In forested wetlands, the Applicants have committed to use only restrictive clearing methods. Restrictive clearing will be used in wetlands to clear vegetation from the transmission line centerline to 50 feet on each side of the outer conductors and in work areas approximately 64 feet by 150 feet around structure sites. In wetland areas, low-growing herbaceous vegetation can remain within the ROW; stumps in the area beyond 20 feet on either side of the outer conductors will be left in place to preserve the root mat. During clearing, best management practices will be utilized to control erosion. After the ROW is cleared, any necessary access roads and structure pads will be constructed. The Applicants have committed to use existing access roads and public roads for access to the transmission line to the extent practicable. Where existing access is not available, the Applicants have committed to construct access roads and structure pads in a manner which reduces or eliminates adverse impacts to on-site and adjacent wetlands to the extent practicable. The next phases of construction involve the physical transmission line construction, including material hauling and spotting, pole setting and framing, and conductor stringing activities. The newly-constructed structure pads are used to provide a stable and dry platform for the material staging and equipment. The foundations are constructed. The pole materials and other materials will be hauled to each specific structure site. The pole sections will then be jacked together on the ground. The insulators and hardware will then be framed up on the ground. Next, the top pole section will be lifted by crane and placed on the foundation base that was previously set. Poles will typically be installed 30 to 50 feet below ground. The conductor stringing activities occur next. Reels of wire and wire tensioning equipment will be brought to the job site and set up at dead-end locations. The construction crew will install stringing blocks or pulleys on each structure where the conductor will be pulled through. Once the conductors are pulled in, the conductor will be secured at the dead-end locations, and the wires will be sagged and tensioned appropriately to maintain vertical clearances. Finally, the conductor is secured to the insulator attachment and the pulleys and blocks are removed from each structure. The final stage of construction is the cleanup stage. This involves a final inspection of the area to remove the silt fences and hay bales, to clean up excess spoils from the foundation excavations, to repair or replace fencing, and to replace and secure gates. Throughout construction, in areas where soil is disturbed, sedimentation management techniques, such as the use of silt screens and hay bales, or other best management practices, will be employed as necessary to minimize potential impacts from erosion and sedimentation. While each phase of construction will typically take up to two weeks at each structure location, the construction crew will normally be active for two to four days at a typical structure location. Construction for the entire project is expected to last approximately eighteen months. Methodology for Choosing Applicants' Preferred Corridor The Applicants established a multidisciplinary team to identify a corridor for the transmission line. The role of this team was to select a certifiable corridor based on an evaluation of environmental, land use, socioeconomic, engineering, and cost considerations. The multidisciplinary team was composed of experts in land use, engineering, and environmental disciplines and included representatives of the two utilities, outside legal counsel, and various consultants. Corridor selection methodologies were designed to be integrative of multidisciplinary siting criteria, regional and objective in decision-making, sensitive to social and environmental conditions, responsive to regulatory requirements, reflective of community concerns and issues, and capable of accurate documentation and verification. The team engaged in four major steps: to establish and define the project study area; to conduct regional screening and mapping; to select and evaluate candidate corridors using both quantitative and qualitative analysis; and finally to select the preferred corridor and identify the boundaries of that corridor. The team's work included a number of field studies, data collection, internal meetings, and meetings with the public. In defining the project study area, the multidisciplinary team identified the starting and ending points for the proposed transmission line, the locations of existing and planned substations in the area, the service boundaries of the utilities, and major roads in the area. In regional screening, the multidisciplinary team gathered data from a variety of sources to identify the different types of opportunities and potential constraints for siting a transmission line in the project study area. The multidisciplinary team developed a regional screening map, received in evidence as Applicants' Exhibit 24, which was prepared by the team using generally publicly available information including Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping. The map data were collected from various state agencies and local governments; information was gathered from the Florida Geographic Data Library (which distributes GIS data), the Florida Natural Areas Inventory, and most of the agencies involved in this proceeding. Various environmental and land use data were mapped as were existing infrastructure, archaeological/historical sites, and information gathered on roads, railroads, rivers, waterbodies, and the like. These represented primarily potential siting constraints or siting issues within a particular study area. The regional screening map was then used to identify route segments. Using the regional screening information, the multidisciplinary team selected corridor segments for consideration using quantitative analysis of the data gathered in the earlier stages of the process. The team then evaluated the corridor segments using both quantitative and qualitative criteria. The multidisciplinary team gathered data on siting opportunities and constraints within the study area and identified sixty line segments which could be assembled into a total of 1,187 potential candidate corridor combinations. Using a predefined set of quantitative environmental, land use, and engineering criteria, each corridor segment was measured for those resources. Using the weights developed by the team for each criterion, the weights were applied and tabulated for all candidate corridor segments. The candidate corridors were then ranked in order from best to worst based on the quantitative weighted scores. Once the rankings were performed, the five highest- ranked candidate corridors were subjected to further quantitative and qualitative evaluation. These candidate corridors were evaluated using predetermined qualitative criteria which do not lend themselves easily to quantification, such as safety and buildability. At the completion of the evaluation, the multidisciplinary team deliberated and ultimately chose a preferred corridor. Once the preferred corridor was selected, the multidisciplinary team defined the boundaries of the Applicants' Preferred Corridor. The team developed corridor boundaries of varying widths - - narrowing the corridor to avoid siting constraints or widening the corridor to take advantage of siting opportunities. Public Involvement in the Corridor Selection Process The Applicants engaged in an extensive public outreach program, the purpose of which was to inform and educate the public about the project and to invite public input from the public in the corridor selection process. The public outreach program included a series of direct mailings, surveys, open houses, extensive communications with regulatory agency officials and local elected officials, a project web page by both Applicants and the Department, a toll-free telephone number, and newsprint advertisements. There were two direct mailings as a part of the public outreach program. The first mailing went to approximately 7,900 customers with a map of the project area, a fact sheet, and an invitation to one of three open houses to be held. One open house was conducted in Polk County, while two open houses were conducted in Lake County in close proximity to the project area. Following the completion of the open house process, a second mailing was sent to approximately 6,000 customers identifying the preferred corridor chosen during the evaluation process. The names of the mailing recipients were obtained by identifying the properties located within certain distances in both directions from the centerline of the candidate corridors. The Property Appraisers' Offices of Polk, Osceola, Orange, and Lake Counties were a source for this information. The mailings were also sent to the homeowners' associations along the candidate corridors. The Applicants plan additional mailings if a corridor for the transmission line is certified. Additional informational open houses will also be held, and the transmission structures and potential locations will be identified at that time so the public can be informed. As part of the public outreach, the project also ran a series of five advertisements in local newspapers. The first series of advertisements notified the public of the three open houses: a newspaper advertisement was run on August 9, 2007, in The Lakeland Ledger, The Winter Haven News Chief, and The Orlando Sentinel for the first open house, and for the second and third open houses, a newspaper advertisement was run in The Lakeland Ledger, The Hometown Sun, The Winter Haven News Chief, The Report, West Orange Times, South Lake Press, Osceola News- Gazette, and The Orlando Sentinel. The second advertisements notified the public of the filing of the Application in December 2007 in The Tampa Tribune, The Lakeland Ledger, The Winter Haven News Chief, The Osceola- News Gazette, and The Orlando Sentinel. In March 2008, a third series of advertisements was run in The Orlando Sentinel, The Lakeland Ledger, and The Osceola News-Gazette to notify the public of the certification hearing. In June 2008, a fourth series of advertisements was run notifying the public of the rescheduling of the certification hearing; this advertisement was published by OIC in the Osceola County section of The Orlando Sentinel and this advertisement was published by the Applicants in The Lakeland Ledger and the Orange County section of The Orlando Sentinel. Finally, in August 2008, a notice regarding the second week of hearing was published in The Osceola News-Gazette, The Lakeland Ledger, and The Orlando Sentinel. Copies of the Application were maintained for public inspection during the certification process at the TECO offices in Tampa and Winter Haven and at the PEF offices in St. Petersburg, Lake Wales, and Lake Buena Vista. In addition, a copy of the Application was provided to the Hart Memorial Central Library and Ray Shanks Law Library in Kissimmee, the Orlando Public Library in Orlando, the Bartow Public Library in Bartow, and the Auburndale Public Library in Auburndale. The public outreach program was integrated into the corridor selection process. The public's input included information about anticipated road expansions and modifications as well as proposed residential developments in the project area. A few members of the public complained at the public hearing that they were unaware that a new transmission line corridor was being proposed until just before the hearing. However, the evidence shows that long before the certification hearing, information concerning this process was widely disseminated through advertisements, open houses, mass mailings, surveys, and meeting with regulatory agencies and local elected officials. See Findings of Fact 33 and 35-37, supra. Detailed Description of the Applicants' Preferred Corridor The Applicants' Preferred Corridor provides significant opportunities for co-location with other linear facilities such as roads, a natural gas pipeline, and other transmission lines. Co-location is an important benefit from the perspectives of engineering, ecology, and land use because it results in reduced impacts from the new transmission line, reduced ROW needs (or land acquisition needs) for the new line, reduced need for new clearing of land, reduced impacts to wetlands by co-locating with previously-disturbed areas, and reduced incremental impacts by co-locating with an existing linear facility. The Preferred Corridor exits the existing Lake Agnes substation and extends east-northeast approximately 18.9 miles within, adjacent to, or in proximity to the OUC McIntosh-Taft transmission line ROW, which generally runs parallel to I-4, across Polk and Osceola Counties. The Applicants' Preferred Corridor crosses Loughman Road (now known as Ronald Reagan Boulevard) and Old Lake Wilson Road. In this area, the land use includes water utility infrastructure in addition to I-4 and the OUC transmission line. Near the Lake Agnes substation, the land uses include some individual residences, as well as undeveloped land now used as pasture, citrus groves, and the Hilochee Wildlife Management Area. The land uses along I-4 and the OUC transmission line include residential development, undeveloped land north of Ronald Reagan Boulevard and south of Champions Gate and U.S. Highway 27, and the Hilochee Wildlife Management Area. In the area of U.S. Highway 27, there is considerable residential development and mixed-use development to the east and west of the Preferred Corridor. The ecological communities in this area include the Green Swamp Wildlife Management Area (also known as Green Swamp East Tract) north of I-4 and the Hilochee Wildlife Management Area. The ecological communities within the Preferred Corridor include residential areas, improved pastures, forested wetlands, pine flatwoods, and freshwater marsh. At the I-4 and SR 429 interchange, the Preferred Corridor turns and continues north along the Daniel Webster Western Beltway (SR 429), co-locating in the SR 429 ROW for approximately 8.6 miles. The land uses beginning at the I-4 and SR 429 interchange and northward to U.S. Highway 192 include residential communities on both the east and west sides of the Preferred Corridor, a large regional wastewater treatment facility on the west side of the Preferred Corridor, and undeveloped land, as well as resort, residential, and commercial development. Between U.S. Highway 192 and the planned Gifford substation, the land uses include a number of mixed-use and residential developments and golf course communities on the east and west side of the Preferred Corridor, as well as undeveloped land that is used for agricultural purposes and as part of wetland systems. The ecological communities in this area include the large Davenport Creek Swamp to the west of SR 429 and Reedy Creek to the east of SR 429; ecological communities within the Preferred Corridor include citrus, improved pasture, pine and pine oak forest, freshwater wetlands, and forested wetlands. The Applicants have agreed to adjust the eastern corridor boundary in the area south of Funie Steed Road/Oak Island Road and north of the southern boundary of the OIC residential development to be 55 feet east of the edge of the SR 429 ROW, rather than the originally-proposed 100 feet east of the edge of the SR 429 ROW. This adjustment was made at the hearing in response to concerns raised by OIC. By making this adjustment, the impact on the homes in the OIC community will be substantially diminished. The Applicants' Preferred Corridor then turns west and exits the SR 429 ROW just north of Western Way and enters into PEF's existing easement, crossing Hartzog Road into the planned Gifford substation. The land use in this area of the planned Gifford substation is predominantly additional utility infrastructure associated with wastewater treatment facilities. The width of the Preferred Corridor varies along its entire length to provide flexibility within the corridor to avoid or minimize impacts to such areas as large wetland areas, to provide flexibility at large road intersections, and to take advantage of existing land patterns, property boundaries, and linear facilities. OIC's Application for Alternate Corridor Selection of the OIC Alternate Corridor Mr. von Behren indicated in testimony that he and fellow board members of the OIC Community Owners Association selected the OIC Alternate Corridor. Unlike the Applicants' Preferred Corridor, the OIC Alternate Corridor was selected by OIC without any public outreach to obtain input from the community. OIC did, apparently, pay attention to the property interests of OIC. No OIC property is traversed by, or adjacent to, the OIC Alternate Corridor; however, the OIC Alternate Corridor bisects the existing, nearby residential Emerald Island development. Detailed Description of OIC Alternate Corridor The OIC Alternate Corridor is located in the Osceola County portion of the Project and commences at the Applicants' Preferred Corridor 2,000 feet south of Funie Steed Road/Oak Island Road on the west side of SR 429, where it turns northwest and proceeds approximately 2,000 feet, and then turns northeast and proceeds approximately 2,000 feet, in an approximate horseshoe shape, to rejoin the Applicants' Preferred Corridor along SR 429. The land uses and ecological communities within the SR 429 portion of the OIC Alternate Corridor were described above in Finding of Fact 42, supra. The land use of the OIC Alternate Corridor where it deviates from the Applicants' Preferred Corridor is undeveloped lands between two components of the Emerald Island residential development. The undeveloped lands include pasture, shrub and brushland, and undisturbed, undeveloped freshwater marsh and forested wetlands. A portion of these wetlands provide water treatment and storage functions for the Lake Tohokepaliga Water Authority and are held within a conservation easement and subject to a water use permit. Design and Construction of Transmission Line within OIC Alternate Corridor The design and construction techniques described in Findings of Fact 13 through 23 will be the same if the transmission line is constructed, operated, and maintained in the OIC Alternate Corridor. The parties have stipulated that the transmission line can be constructed, operated, and maintained in the OIC Alternate Corridor in compliance with the regulatory and industry standards listed in Finding of Fact 16. Agencies' Review of Corridors Proper for Certification and Resulting Determinations State, regional, and local agencies with regulatory authority over the Project reviewed the Application and submitted to Department reports concerning the impact of the Project on matters within their respective jurisdictions, as required by Section 403.526(2), Florida Statutes. Eleven regulatory agencies reviewed the Application, and nine reviewing agencies submitted reports on the Project, and have proposed Conditions of Certification. None of the agencies involved in the review process recommended that the proposed corridor be denied or modified. On May 30, 2008, the Department issued its Written Analysis on the Project, incorporating the reports of the reviewing agencies and proposing a compiled set of Conditions of Certification. The Department recommended that the Applicants' Preferred Corridor be certified subject to appropriate conditions of certification. Three reviewing agencies submitted supplemental reports on the OIC Alternate Corridor on or before June 20, 2008, again proposing Conditions of Certification. On July 7, 2008, the Department issued its Supplemental Written Analysis on the Project, including the OIC Alternate Corridor, incorporating the supplemental reports of the reviewing agencies and proposing a comprehensive set of Conditions of Certification. The Department did not recommend approval of the OIC Alternate Corridor, although it found the alternate corridor to be certifiable. In its Supplemental Written Analysis, the Department stated: Given the alternate corridor is likely to have a higher impact on the environment as well as additional cost, the Department does not find the alternate corridor to be superior to the preferred corridor, although either corridor is ultimately certifiable. Department Exhibit 3, page 4. Whether and Extent to Which Each Corridor Will Comply with Criteria in Section 403.529(4), Florida Statutes Ensure Electric Power System Reliability and Integrity The PSC decided that there are regional transmission system limitations in the I-4 corridor between Polk County and the greater Orlando area due to projected load growth in the 2008-2011 timeframe. The PSC found that the new 230 kV line is needed by June 2011 to preserve electric system reliability and integrity in order to: provide additional transmission transfer capability along the I-4 corridor to move electricity generated in the Polk County region to load centers in the Greater Orlando area in a reliable manner consistent with the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) and the Florida Reliability Coordinating Council (FRCC) and other applicable standards; b) serve the increasing load and customer base in the projected service area; and (c) potentially provide for another electrical feed via a separate Right of Way (ROW) path, thereby reducing the impact of a loss of the existing transmission facilities on a common ROW. The PSC further decided that the transmission line is the most cost-effective and efficient means to both increase the capability of the existing 230 kV network and serve the increasing load and customer base in the Central Florida region. The transmission line can be constructed, operated, and maintained in either the Applicants' Preferred Corridor or the OIC Alternate Corridor to provide electric power system reliability and integrity. Even so, the evidence shows that the Applicants' Preferred Corridor better provides electric power system reliability and integrity than does the OIC Alternate Corridor because the Applicants' Preferred Corridor will involve a shorter length of line and because the Applicants' Preferred Corridor will involve fewer maintenance issues and access issues. The Applicants' Preferred Corridor is shorter by 1,472 feet than the OIC Alternate Corridor. Unnecessary length added to a transmission circuit introduces further exposure to the forces of nature which could impact reliability of a transmission line. The greater the line length, the greater the exposure or risk to reliability. The OIC Alternate Corridor also involves additional maintenance issues and access issues not raised by the Applicants' Preferred Corridor. For example, there is a risk of flooding because some of the areas within the OIC Alternate Corridor are used for overflow for nearby retention ponds. This flooding could cause an access problem if emergency or routine repairs or maintenance were needed. Meet the Electrical Energy Needs of the State in an Orderly, Economical and Timely Fashion The transmission line can be constructed, operated, and maintained in either the Applicants' Preferred Corridor or the OIC Alternate Corridor to meet the electrical energy needs of the State in an orderly, economical, and timely fashion. Nevertheless, the Applicants' Preferred Corridor better meets the State's electrical energy needs in an orderly, economical, and timely fashion than does the OIC Alternate Corridor because the OIC Alternate Corridor adds significant cost to the overall project and long-term costs associated with operation and maintenance. The OIC Alternate Corridor is estimated to cost $4.4 million more for construction than the Applicants' Preferred Corridor. The cost differential is caused by the need for more easement area, more access roads, the nature of the soils, the foundation requirements, the heavy angle requirements, and more wetlands mitigation of the OIC Alternate Corridor. For example, because the OIC Alternate Corridor is primarily located in wetlands, the OIC Alternate Corridor will require larger poles and larger pole foundations, which involve higher costs. In addition to the $4.4 million construction cost differential, the OIC Alternate Corridor will also involve additional maintenance costs throughout the life of the transmission line because there will be a higher cost and effort required for vegetation management and access road maintenance in the OIC Alternate Corridor than will be required for the Applicants' Preferred Corridor. Comply with the Applicable Nonprocedural Requirements of Agencies Construction, operation, and maintenance of the transmission line within either the Applicants' Preferred Corridor or the OIC Alternate Corridor will comply with applicable nonprocedural requirements of agencies. Electrical and Magnetic Fields The transmission line can be constructed, operated, and maintained in either the Applicants' Preferred Corridor or the OIC Alternate Corridor in compliance with the Department's standards for Electric and Magnetic Fields in Florida Administrative Code Rule Chapter 62-814, which limit the electric and magnetic fields associated with new transmission lines. The Applicants propose to use four different configurations for the transmission line depending upon the location. The options include a 230 kV single circuit on a 100- foot ROW, a 230 kV single circuit on the 185-foot ROW including the existing OUC McIntosh-Taft 230 kV line, a 230 kV single circuit roadside, and a 230 kV single circuit roadside with an additional 35-foot easement including the existing Boggy Marsh- Gifford and Four Corners-Gifford 69 kV lines. For each of these configurations, the Department's rule requires that the electric and magnetic fields (or energy forces) within the ROW and at the edge of the ROW be calculated to ensure compliance. The electric field is a field that is generated by voltage of a conductor, expressed as a kilovolt meter (kV/m). The magnetic field is a field produced by the current traveling along the conductor, expressed in milligauss (mG). Those portions of Florida Administrative Code Rule Chapter 62-814 that are applicable to this Project establish maximum values for electric and magnetic fields. Compliance with the electric and magnetic field requirements was calculated for each of the configurations that may be utilized for the Project. The results were then compared to the requirements of Florida Administrative Code Rule 62-814.450(3). The maximum expected values from all configurations for the electric fields and for the magnetic fields are all below the values set forth in the rule. The maximum voltage and current that is anticipated for the line during its life are used in making the calculations. However, it is highly unlikely that this condition would occur. It is anticipated that the maximum condition would occur less than five percent of the time while the transmission line is operating. In order to operate at the maximum condition, the conductor must be operating at its maximum temperature (which requires an extreme weather condition), and there would also need to be some type of system disturbance (such as an outage in the region). Levels for electric fields will be less at the normal operating levels and magnetic fields about fifty percent less. The levels of electric and magnetic fields from the transmission line are similar to the levels that would be expected to result from common household appliances. Noise Transmission lines can generate audible noise as a result of build-up of particles on the conductor. During periods of fair weather dust can collect on the conductor and that may cause low levels of audible noise. When rain is experienced, the dust is washed off but replaced with water droplets on the conductor that create a condition that results in slightly higher levels of audible noise. The noise levels experienced during rainfall events are temporary, and the noise is reduced as soon as the water droplets evaporate from the conductor. The expected levels of noise are generally calculated using an industry-standard software program called the Bonneville Power Administration Field Effects Program. The calculations performed for the transmission line show that the maximum audible noise levels at the edge of the ROW would range up to a high of 37.6 dBA. This noise level is similar to the upper noise level in a library, and less than the living room noise in a suburban area. Also, during rainfall events, when the maximum noise levels are expected, the rain will tend to mask the sound from the transmission line. The calculated noise levels for the transmission line indicate that the noise levels that will be produced will not be a significant issue. Further, the calculated noise levels will comply with all applicable audible noise ordinances in Polk, Osceola, and Orange Counties. Be Consistent with Applicable Local Government Comprehensive Plans, If Any The transmission line can be constructed, operated, and maintained in either the Applicants' Preferred Corridor or the OIC Alternate Corridor to be consistent with applicable provisions of local government comprehensive plans, if any. The Polk County Comprehensive Plan identifies electric transmission and distribution facilities as a permitted use in all land use categories. The Osceola County Comprehensive Plan and the City of Auburndale Comprehensive Plan identify utility and public facilities as allowable uses in all land use categories provided that the TLSA standards and other regulatory standards are met. The Orange County Comprehensive Plan identifies utility and public facilities as allowable uses in all land use categories. The Reedy Creek Improvement District Comprehensive Plan identifies that utility corridors are allowable uses where no other alternatives are feasible. The PSC found that the Applicants considered four alternatives to the Project and none were feasible. Further, the Applicants considered a number of alternatives in the corridor selection process and considered the OIC Alternate Corridor and selected the Applicants' Preferred Corridor as the best choice among the various corridors. See Finding of Fact 102, infra. After certification of this project, the transmission line will be located and constructed entirely within established rights-of-way, including easements acquired after corridor certification. Construction of transmission lines on such established ROWs is excepted from the definition of "development" in Section 163.3164(6), Florida Statutes. Accordingly, the provisions of the local comprehensive plans related to "development" that have been adopted by the local governments crossed by the transmission line are not applicable to this project. No variances or exemptions from applicable state or local standards or ordinances are needed for the project. Effect a Reasonable Balance Between the Need for the Lake Agnes-Gifford Transmission Line as a Means of Providing Abundant Low-Cost Electrical Energy and the Impact Upon the Public and the Environment Resulting from the Location of the Lake Agnes-Gifford Transmission Line and Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of the Transmission Line The Applicants' Preferred Corridor was chosen using a multidisciplinary team of experts to minimize impacts upon the public and the environment. Impacts Upon the Public The land uses found in the area of the Applicants' Preferred Corridor and the OIC Alternate Corridor are compatible with transmission lines; there are many locations throughout Florida where transmission lines similar to the proposed transmission line coexist with these land use patterns. Both the Applicants' Preferred Corridor and the OIC Alternate Corridor are appropriate locations for a transmission line from a land use perspective, but the Applicants' Preferred Corridor is a better location in relation to impacts upon the public. aa. Co-location with Existing Linear Facilities The Applicants' Preferred Corridor is co-located with existing linear facilities for nearly its entire length. In choosing among the candidate corridors considered by the multidisciplinary team, the Applicants' Preferred Corridor was chosen with reference to maximizing co-location with existing linear features, including transmission lines, highways, and natural gas pipelines. Co-location is advantageous because the existing linear facilities often provide existing access, minimizing the need for new access roads, the need for new clearing, and the need for further encumbrance of additional land. By following these existing linear features, the Applicants' Preferred Corridor conforms to existing and future development patterns and minimizes intrusion into surrounding areas. Further, there is less of an incremental difference in impacts from adding a linear facility to an area of existing linear facilities than from adding a linear facility to a presently unencumbered area. In contrast, the OIC Alternate Corridor follows an area of undeveloped land and thus does not offer the advantages of co-location. bb. Impacts upon Residential Development In choosing among the candidate corridors, minimizing the number of homes within the corridor was a significant criterion considered by the multidisciplinary team. It is an advantage for the OIC Alternate Corridor over the Applicants' Preferred Corridor that the OIC Alternate Corridor has fewer homes within the corridor than does the Applicants' Preferred Corridor. However, it is a disadvantage for the OIC Alternate Corridor that it bisects two components of the Emerald Island residential development. The impacts of the Applicants' Preferred Corridor on OIC homes is minimal. The "residents" of the OIC development are predominantly short-term renters or vacationers who will be in proximity to the transmission line for only a few weeks' duration. (Many of the homes are owned by citizens of the United Kingdom who rent the properties to vacationers visiting the area. There are, however, three permanent year-round residents in the development, including Mr. von Behren.) The Applicants have adjusted the eastern corridor boundary to no more than 55 feet from the edge of the SR 429 ROW in the vicinity of the OIC development. Further, the Applicants have committed that, if the Applicants' Preferred Corridor is certified, there will be no existing homes within the eventual transmission line ROW. PEF's engineering expert testified that the Applicants' preferred location for the transmission line within the Applicants' Preferred Corridor in the vicinity of the OIC development is to be on the west side of SR 429, which would not impact any OIC homes. If that location is not feasible, the Applicants' preferred location for the transmission line within the Applicants' Preferred Corridor in the vicinity of the OIC development is to be on the east side of SR 429, with poles located 15 feet inside the DOT's ROW for SR 429, in which case the only property rights that the Applicants would need outside the DOT ROW would be no more than 30 feet for an overhanging aerial easement and access rights. These commitments by the Applicants mean that there are only three or four properties within OIC where the Applicants might need an aerial and access easement for the transmission line; the pole would be no nearer to those homes than approximately thirty feet. This evidence demonstrates that there will be very little impacts on the OIC residential development. Further, OIC raised concerns about existing vegetation with the OIC residential development. Those concerns are misplaced because PEF's engineering expert explained that the Applicants would avoid any vegetation that exists outside the SR 429 ROW, and that any vegetation that would be replaced would be within the SR 429 ROW. cc. Minimizing the Length of Transmission Lines in the Landscape The length of a transmission line in the landscape is important because it is a land use consideration to minimize the amount and length of linear facilities in the landscape. The shorter the linear facility, the less potential effects of the linear facility. This is an advantage for the Applicants' Preferred Corridor because it is shorter than the OIC Alternate Corridor. dd. Impacts to Conservation Lands The Applicants' Preferred Corridor has the advantage of avoiding conservation lands while the OIC Alternate Corridor in contrast crosses lands held for conservation purposes. The conservation lands include a parcel held for use by Osceola County as a stormwater retention and conveyance system, a parcel held by Emerald Island Resort as a conservation area, a parcel owned by the Lake Tohopekaliga Water Authority held in a conservation easement by SFWMD, and a parcel subject to a water use permit. The conservation easement expressly prohibits the construction of utility infrastructure within its boundaries. Although SFWMD's conservation easement could be amended by the underlying property owner to allow for crossing by the OIC Alternate Corridor, SFWMD prefers the Applicants' Preferred Corridor because it better avoids and minimizes impacts to wetlands. ee. Impact on Property Values At the public portion of the certification hearing, several members of the public testified in opposition to the Applicants' Preferred Corridor. A number of those testifying, including Mr. von Behren, expressed concern about the impact of the Project on property values, and the desire to have the Applicants seek another route. Although these concerns are genuine, the impact on property values is not a subject for consideration at this hearing. Impacts Upon the Environment The transmission line, whether constructed, operated, and maintained in the Applicants' Preferred Corridor or the OIC Alternate Corridor, will comply with all applicable state, regional, and local nonprocedural regulations, including the wetland regulatory standards applicable to such projects. The Applicants have committed to a variety of Conditions of Certification that require extensive measures to eliminate or minimize the potential environmental impacts. For example, within forested wetlands, the Applicants have committed to using restrictive clearing practices, removing only tall- growing trees and leaving understory (the lower layer of plants growing under a higher layer of plants) and root mats in place within the ROW. The Applicants have also committed to the use of existing access roads through wetland areas to the greatest extent practicable, and the construction of at-grade access roads where conditions allow. In addition, the Applicants have committed to compensatory mitigation to offset the loss of wetland functions, if any. Further, if the transmission line is constructed in either the Applicants' Preferred Corridor or the OIC Alternate Corridor, the transmission line design will allow for variable span length to avoid wetland impacts by spanning those areas upland-to-upland. Both the Applicants' Preferred Corridor and the OIC Alternate Corridor are appropriate locations for a transmission line from an environmental perspective, but the Applicants' Preferred Corridor is a better location in relation to impacts upon the environment. aa. Impacts to Vegetative Communities, Including Wetlands The Applicants' Preferred Corridor will have minimal environmental impact. Construction of the line within the Applicants' Preferred Corridor will cause minimal adverse ecological impacts for several reasons: regional screening was conducted to minimize inclusion of areas of ecological constraints, such as eagles' nests, undisturbed wetland habitat, protected species habitat, and forested areas; the width of the corridor provides flexibility when the final ROW is selected to avoid ecological resources within the corridor; because of the corridor's co-location with existing rights-of-way, there is a prevalence of developed areas within the Applicants' Preferred Corridor; where the Preferred Corridor traverses areas of natural vegetation, it does so largely in previously-disturbed areas, minimizing the amount of needed clearing and new access roads; and wetlands will be avoided by spanning them to the extent practicable. With respect to the Green Swamp, an area of 870 square miles, the Applicants' Preferred Corridor minimizes impacts by co-locating with the OUC transmission line ROW. Other candidate corridors considered by the multidisciplinary team would have involved clearing of undisturbed forested wetlands, including areas of mature cypress domes. In contrast, the transmission line will have more adverse environmental impacts if constructed, operated, and maintained in the OIC Alternate Corridor than the Applicants' Preferred Corridor because of the prevalence of undisturbed wetland habitat within the OIC Alternate Corridor as compared to the previously-disturbed habitat along SR 429 within the Applicants' Preferred Corridor. Construction of the transmission line within the OIC Alternate Corridor would result in greater forested and herbaceous wetland impacts and require greater alteration to previously-undisturbed areas. bb. Protected Species The Applicants have committed to a number of conditions of certification protecting species whether the Applicants' Preferred Corridor or the OIC Alternate Corridor is certified. For example, the Applicants have agreed to conduct pre-clearing surveys of the final ROW for protected species, and to consult with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Department if any species are located within the ROW to address avoidance and mitigation measures. Impacts to listed plant and animal species from construction of the transmission line within the Applicants' Preferred Corridor are expected to be minimal because the corridor includes primarily previously-impacted areas which have limited suitability as protected species habitat and because of the Applicants' commitment to conduct pre-clearing species surveys. The Applicants' Preferred Corridor avoids or minimizes intrusion into the undisturbed wildlife habitats due to its co- location with existing linear facilities for almost its entire length. The current condition and relative value of function of the habitat within the Applicants' Preferred Corridor is generally minimal from a wildlife ecology and protected species perspective because it has been previously-disturbed through construction of major roadways. In the areas of undisturbed lands, the Applicants' Preferred Corridor is co-located with existing utility rights-of-way including a transmission line and natural gas pipeline that already disturb the area. The gopher tortoise is a protected species that has been documented to be located within the Applicants' Preferred Corridor and the OIC Alternate Corridor. Gopher tortoise habitat typically is not compromised by construction of transmission lines due to the relatively small ground footprint of disturbance and the maintenance of low vegetation within the ROW, which is suitable habitat for gopher tortoises. Thus, the transmission line is not expected to have significant impact on gopher tortoises. The impacts to protected species will be greater in the OIC Alternate Corridor than the Applicants' Preferred Corridor. The Applicants' Preferred Corridor includes two known locations of protected species; transmission lines are compatible with the habitat for these species. In addition, the habitat within the Preferred Corridor is not suitable for most protected species because it is previously disturbed where vegetation communities have already been cleared and converted to roadside ROW. In contrast, the OIC Alternate Corridor consists predominantly of undisturbed wetlands, which is habitat that is highly suitable for a number of protected species. Although there are no Florida Natural Areas Inventory-documented locations of protected species within the OIC Alternate Corridor, there are four field-documented protected species within the OIC Alternate Corridor. Further, the habitat is highly suitable for protected species because it is largely undisturbed, much is held in conservation easement, and it includes forested and herbaceous wetlands. cc. Floodplains The 100-year floodplain is an area, regulated by the Department and the water management districts, that demarks the area that would be inundated in severe flood events. The Applicants are required to provide compensating floodplain storage to offset the loss, if any, of floodplain storage caused by fill needed for the transmission line; this requirement is designed to avoid any flooding of adjacent properties that might be caused by the Project. Because of this requirement, one of the goals in corridor selection was to minimize impacts to the 100-year floodplain. Only a small portion of the Applicants' Preferred Corridor is located within the 100-year floodplain, while a large portion of the OIC Alternate Corridor is located within the 100-year floodplain. Further, the portions of the Applicants' Preferred Corridor that are located within the 100- year floodplain are located in areas that have been previously disturbed by the construction of SR 429 and would likely not involve significant further impacts to the 100-year floodplain. dd. Archaeological and Historical Resources The Applicants utilized information from the Department of State, Division of Historical Resources (DHR), to identify potential archeological and historical resources within the Applicants' Preferred Corridor. A number of locations were identified as a result of the information and the Applicants have committed, through the Conditions of Certification, to perform a cultural resources survey when the actual ROW is located. If any artifacts are discovered, the Applicants will notify the Department and DHR and consult with DHR to determine appropriate action. There is no difference between the impacts to cultural resources of the Applicants' Preferred Corridor and the OIC Alternate Corridor. The Need for the Lake Agnes-Gifford Line as a Means of Providing Abundant Low-Cost Electrical Energy The transmission line can be constructed, operated, and maintained in either the Applicants' Preferred Corridor or the OIC Alternate Corridor to meet the need for the transmission line as a means of providing reliable, economically efficient electric energy as determined by the PSC. The PSC determined that the proposed line is needed taking into account the factors set forth in Section 403.537, Florida Statutes. The PSC found that the Applicants evaluated four alternatives to the proposed transmission line. All of the alternatives were transmission modifications to the proposed ROW that used a portion of, or the entire existing, common ROW. The PSC accepted the Applicants' rejection of the alternatives primarily because of economic and reliability concerns. The PSC found that the proposed line will assure the economic well-being of Florida's citizens by serving projected new electric load in the region and improving the region's electric reliability by minimizing the region's exposure to single contingency events. Reasonable Balance Between the Need for the Lake Agnes- Gifford Line and the Impacts of the Line upon the Public and the Environment Expert witnesses in the fields of land use, engineering, and ecology with specializations in transmission line siting, permitting, design, and reliability have compared the corridors proper for certification and all concluded that the Applicants' Preferred Corridor effects a better balance between the need for the transmission line and the impacts of the line on the public and the environment from the perspective of their expertise than does the OIC Alternate Corridor. Conditions of Certification The transmission line can and will be constructed, operated, and maintained in either the Applicants' Preferred Corridor or the OIC Alternate Corridor in compliance with the Conditions of Certification, which are found in the Department's Exhibit 3. The Conditions of Certification establish a post- certification review process through which the final right-of- way, access road, and structure locations will be reviewed by agencies with regulatory authority over the project. The Applicants have agreed to the Conditions of Certification to minimize land use and environmental impacts of the construction, operation, and maintenance of the transmission line. The parties agree that the Conditions of Certification are consistent with applicable non-procedural requirements of the state, regional, and local agencies with regulatory jurisdiction over the transmission line, and that such conditions should be imposed on the certification, if granted, for either of the corridors under consideration in this proceeding.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Siting Board enter a Final Order approving Tampa Electric Company and Progress Energy Florida's Lake Agnes-Gifford 230 kV Transmission Line Application for Certification subject to the Conditions of Certification set forth in Department Exhibit 3. DONE AND ENTERED this 22nd day of October, 2008, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S DONALD R. ALEXANDER Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 22nd day of October, 2008. COPIES FURNISHED: Lea Crandall, Agency Clerk Department of Environmental Protection 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard Mail Station 35 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000 Thomas M. Beason, General Counsel Department of Environmental Protection 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard Mail Station 35 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000 Lawrence N. Curtin, Esquire Holland & Knight LLP Post Office Box 810 Tallahassee, Florida 32302-0810 Carolyn S. Raepple, Esquire Hopping Green & Sams, P.A. Post Office Box 6526 Tallahassee, Florida 32314-6526 Toni L. Sturtevant, Esquire Department of Environmental Protection 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard Mail Station 35 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000 Gary von Behren, President Oak Island Cove Community Owners Association 2872 Blooming Alamanda Loop Kissimmee, Florida 34747-2252 Kelly A. Martinson, Esquire Department of Community Affairs 2555 Shumard Oak Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2100 Allen G. Erickson, Esquire Assistant County Attorney Post Office Box 1393 Orlando, Florida 32802-1393 Tasha A. Buford, Esquire Young Van Assenderp, P.A. Post Office Box 1833 Tallahassee, Florida 32302-1833 Martha A. Moore, Esquire Southwest Florida Water Management District 2379 Broad Street Brooksville, Florida 34604-6899 Ray Maxwell, District Administrator Reedy Creek Improvement District 1900 Hotel Plaza Boulevard Lake Buena Vista, Florida 32830-8438 Jo O. Thacker, Esquire Osceola County Attorney One Courthouse Square, Suite 4200 Kissimmee, Florida 34741-5440 Emily J. Norton, Esquire Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 620 South Meridian Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1600 Mitchell B. Kirschner, Esquire Mitchell B. Kirschner, P.A. 1515 North Federal Highway Suite 314 Boca Raton, Florida 33432-1953 Steven I. Silverman, Esquire Kluger, Peretz, Kaplan & Berlin, P.L. 201 South Biscayne Boulevard, Suite 1700 Miami, Florida 33131-4332 Ruth A. Holmes, Esquire South Florida Water Management District 3301 Gun Club Road West Palm Beach, Florida 33406-3007 Phil Laurien, Executive Director East Central Florida Regional Planning Council 631 North Wymore Road, Suite 100 Maitland, Florida 32751-4229 Patricia M. Steed, Executive Director Central Florida Regional Planning Council 555 East Church Street Bartow, Florida 33830-3931 Jennifer S. Brubaker, Esquire Florida Public Service Commission 2540 Shumard Oak Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0850 Shaw P. Stiller, General Counsel Department of Community Affairs 2470 Centerview Drive Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2100 Laura Kammerer Bureau of Historic Preservation 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250 Michael E. Duclos, Esquire Assistant County Attorney Post Office Box 9005, Drawer AT 01 Bartow, Florida 33830-9005 Kimberly C. Menchion, Esquire Department of Transportation 605 Suwannee Street Mail Station 58 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0458
Findings Of Fact PROCEDURAL MATTERS 12 PROJECT DESIGN 16 ENGINEERING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE 17 Design 17 Construction 21 Maintenance 23 SYSTEM RELIABILITY AND SEPARATION FROM EXISTING TRANSMISSION LINES 24 THE TREASURE COAST REGIONAL PLANNING COUNCIL CORRIDORS FROM MIDWAY SUBSTATION TO CORBETT SUBSTATION 29 DESCRIPTION OF THE TCRPC CORRIDORS 29 Land Uses 29 Unusual Uses or Restricted Areas - Cemeteries 32 Water Resources 32 Vegetation 33 Wildlife 33 IMPACTS ON THE PUBLIC OF THE TCRPC CORRIDORS 34 Land Use Impacts 34 Impacts on Unique Uses or Restricted Areas - Cemeteries 41 Landscape Architecture and Visual Impacts 41 IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE TCRPC CORRIDORS 43 Water Resources Impacts 43 Vegetation Impacts 44 Wildlife Impacts 45 THE SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT CORRIDOR FROM CORBETT SUBSTATION TO LEVEE SUBSTATION 45 DESCRIPTION OF THE SFWMD CORRIDOR 45 Land Uses 45 Water Resources 48 Vegetation 49 Wildlife 50 IMPACTS ON THE PUBLIC OF THE SFWMD CORRIDOR 51 Land Use Impacts 51 Unique Proposed Uses 52 Landscape Architecture and Visual Impacts 52 Other Consideration - Impacts to Sugar Cane 53 IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE SFWMD CORRIDOR 54 Water Resources Impacts 54 Vegetation Impacts 55 Wildlife Impacts 56 DUDA CORRIDOR 1/1A FROM MIDWAY SUBSTATION TO CORBETT SUBSTATION 57 DESCRIPTION OF DUDA CORRIDOR 1/1A 57 Land Uses 57 Unique Uses or Restricted Areas - Airports 58 Water Resources 59 Vegetation 59 Wildlife 59 IMPACTS ON THE PUBLIC OF DUDA CORRIDOR 1/1A 59 Land Use Impacts 59 Impacts on Unique Uses or Restricted Areas - Airports 60 Landscape Architecture and Visual Impacts 61 IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF DUDA CORRIDOR 1/1A 62 Water Resources Impacts 62 Vegetation Impacts 62 Wildlife Impacts 62 DUDA CORRIDOR 2/2A FROM MIDWAY SUBSTATION TO CORBETT SUBSTATION 63 DESCRIPTION OF DUDA CORRIDOR 2/2A 63 Land Uses 63 Unique Uses or Restricted Areas - Airports 64 Water Resources 65 Vegetation 65 Wildlife 65 IMPACTS ON THE PUBLIC OF DUDA CORRIDOR 2/2A 65 Land Use Impacts 65 Impacts on Unique Uses or Restricted Areas - Airports 66 Landscape Architecture and Visual Impacts 67 IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF DUDA CORRIDOR 2/2A 67 Water Resources Impacts 67 Vegetation Impacts 67 Wildlife Impacts 68 CONSISTENCY WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENT COMPREHENSIVE PLANS 68 CONSISTENCY OF THE TCRPC CORRIDOR WITH LOCAL PLANS 68 St. Lucie County 68 Martin County 68 Palm Beach County 69 CONSISTENCY OF THE SFWMD CORRIDOR WITH LOCAL PLANS 69 Palm Beach County 69 Broward County 69 Dade County 70 THE SITE FOR THE CONSERVATION SUBSTATION 71 SYSTEM PLANNING AND ENGINEERING 71 System Planning 71 Engineering 72 DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE FOR CONSERVATION SUBSTATION 73 Land Uses 73 Vegetation 74 Wildlife 74 IMPACTS ON THE PUBLIC OF THE PROPOSED SITE FOR CONSERVATION SUBSTATION 74 Land Use Impacts 74 Landscape Architecture and Visual Impacts 74 Consistency with Local Comprehensive Plans 75 IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE SITE FOR CONSERVATION SUBSTATION 75 Vegetation Impacts 75 Wildlife Impacts 75 COSTS FOR THE LEVEE-MIDWAY TRANSMISSION LINE 76 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS 77 Compliance with EMF Rule 77 Lightning 78 Noise 78 Radio and Television Interference 79 NONPROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS OF AGENCIES 80 Conditions of Certification Agreed to by FPL 80 Supplemental Conditions Agreed to by FPL and SFWMD 83 Conditions of Certification Proposed by SFWMD but Opposed by FPL 85 Conditions of Certification Proposed by GFWFC 87 Local Government Zoning 89 Stipulations for Settlement Entered into by FPL 91
Conclusions Corridors That Remain Certifiable 93 Standing 94 CRITERIA TO EVALUATE CORRIDORS THAT REMAIN CERTIFIABLE 95 Compliance with Section 403.529(3)(a), Florida Statutes 96 Compliance with Section 403.529(3)(b), Florida Statutes 97 Compliance with Section 403.529(3)(c), Florida Statutes 98 Compliance with Section 403.529(3)(d), Florida Statutes 100 Compliance with Section 403.529(3)(e), Florida Statutes 101 Impacts on the Public 101 Impacts on the Environment 104 Compliance with Section 403.529(4)(a), Florida Statutes 106 Compliance with Section 403.529(4)(c), Florida Statutes 107 CONSERVATION SUBSTATION 108 RECOMMENDATION 109
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Governor and Cabinet, sitting as the Siting Board, enter a Final Order and therein dismiss the parties who failed to make and appearance; ratify the partial Summary Recommended Order; and grant certification for the location of the Levee-Midway Transmission Line in TCRPC Corridor 1 and the SFWMD Corridor and for the construction and maintenance of the transmission line within those corridors as proposed in the application and in accordance with the conditions of certification contained in Appendices C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and K, as modified and recommended on pages 98 and 99 herein. DONE AND ENTERED this 2nd day of March, 1990, in Tallahassee, Florida. DIANE K. KIESLING, Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, FL 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 2nd day of March, 1990. * APPENDIX TO RECOMMENDED ORDER * Appendix to this Recommended Order is available for review in the Division's Clerk's Office. COPIES FURNISHED: Carlos Alvarez David L. Powell Richard W. Moore Attorneys at Law Hopping Boyd Green & Sams, P.A. 123 South Calhoun Street (32301) Post Office Box 6526 Tallahassee, FL 32314 Attorneys for Florida Power and Light Company Richard T. Donelan, Jr. Assistant General Counsel Department of Environmental Regulation 2600 Blair Stone Road, Room 654 Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 Attorney for Department of Environmental Regulation James V. Antista, General Counsel Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission 620 South Meridian Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-1600 Attorney for the Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission Frances Jauquet John J. Fumero Attorneys at Law South Florida Water Management District 3301 Gun Club Road (33406) Post Office Box 24680 West Palm Beach, FL 33416-4680 Attorneys for South Florida Water Management District 1 Katherine Funchess Senior Attorney Department of Community Affairs 2740 Centerview Drive Tallahassee, FL 32399-2100 Attorney for Department of Community Affairs Roger G. Saberson, Attorney at Law Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council E. Atlantic Avenue Delray Beach, FL 33444 Attorney for Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council Samuel S. Goren, Attorney at Law Josias & Goren, P.A. 3099 East Commercial Boulevard, Suite 200 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308 Attorney for South Florida Regional Planning Council Fred W. Van Vonno Assistant County Attorney Martin County 2401 S.E. Monterey Road Stuart, FL 34996 Attorney for Martin County Patrick M. Casey Assistant County Attorney Dade County Metro-Dade Center N.W. 1st Street, Suite 2810 Miami, FL 33128-1993 Attorney for Dade County Krista A. Storey Assistant County Attorney St. Lucie County 2300 Virginia Avenue, Annex Fort Pierce, FL 34982 Attorney for St. Lucie County Noel M. Pfeffer, Deputy General Counsel Broward County Governmental Center, Suite 423 115 South Andrews Avenue Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 Attorney for Broward County Robert P. Banks Assistant County Attorney Palm Beach County Governmental Complex, 6th Floor 301 North Olive Avenue, Suite 601 West Palm Beach, FL 33401 Attorney for Palm Beach County Andrea L. Moore Assistant City Attorney City of Coral Springs 9551 W. Sample Road Coral Springs, FL 33065 Attorney for City of Coral Springs Richard L. Doody, Attorney at Law Office of City Attorney City of Tamarac 7525 NW 88th Avenue Tamarac, FL 33321-2401 Attorney for City of Tamarac Steven L. Josias, Attorney at Law Josias & Goren, P.A. Centrust Savings Bank 3099 East Commercial Boulevard, Suite 200 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309 Attorneys for Vesta Vestra, Inc. and the City of Parkland Jon M. Henning, City Attorney City of Sunrise 10770 West Oakland Park Boulevard Sunrise, FL 33351 Lisa N. Mulhall, Attorney at Law Burke, Bosselman & Weaver One Lincoln Place 1900 Glades Road, Suite 350 Boca Raton, FL 33431 Attorney for Town of Davie Heather Ruda, Attorney at Law Gibson & Adams, P.A. 303 First Street, Suite 400 (33401) Post Office Box 1629 West Palm Beach, FL 33402-1629 Attorney for Solid Waste Authority of Palm Beach County Scott Shirley, Attorney at Law Oertel, Hoffman, Fernandez & Cole, P.A. 2700 Blair Stone Road, Suite C Post Office Box 6507 Tallahassee, FL 32314-6507 Attorney for Coral Ridge Properties William L. Hyde, Attorney at Law Roberts, Baggett, LaFace & Richard 101 East College Avenue (32301) Post Office Box 1838 Tallahassee, FL 32302 Co-counsel for Hollywood Lakes Country Club, Inc. Donald R. Hall, Attorney at Law Gustafson, Stephens, Ferris, Forman & Hill, P.A. 540 Northeast Fourth Street Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 Attorney for Silver Lakes Partnership, Hollywood STS Associates, and the William Lyon Company Donna H. Stinson, Attorney at Law Moyle, Flanigan, Katz, Fitzgerald & Sheehan, P.A. The Perkins House, Suite 100 118 North Gadsden Street Tallahassee, FL 32301 Attorney for Indian Trail Grove, Limited, Irving Cowan, Savin Groves, Kenneth G. Savage, Robert Povey and Harold Wideman, and Sunny Urban Meadows Landowners Association; Indian Trail Scott Mager, Attorney at Law Mager & Gaffney, P.A. The 110 Tower - 12th Floor 110 Southeast 6th Street Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 Attorney for the Shennandoah Community Association and Jeff Reisburg Water Control District Stephen Covert, Attorney at Law 631 U.S. Highway One, Suite 200 (33408) Post Office Box 14035 North Palm Beach, FL 33408 Attorney for Via Tropical Fruits, Inc.; Ronnie Hattaway; Talquin Corp.; Ralph C. Nash and Mikatum Groves J. A. Jurgens, Attorney at Law Jones, Foster, Johnston & Stubbs, P.A. 505 South Flagler Drive Suite 1100 (33401) Post Office Drawer E West Palm Beach, FL 33402 Co-counsel for Via Tropical Fruits, Inc.; Ronnie Hattaway; Talquin Corp.; Ralph C. Nash and Mikatum Groves Timothy J. Manor Margaret H. Schreiber Attorneys at Law Lowndes, Drosdick, Doster, Kantor & Reed, P.A. 215 North Eola Drive (32801) Post Office Box 2809 Oriando, FL 32802-2809 Attorney for The Coca-Cola Company William J. Payne Dale Konigsburg Donna Stinson Attorneys at Law Rinker Materials Corporation 1501 Belvedere Road (33401) Post Office Box 24635 West Palm Beach, FL 33416-4635 Attorneys for Rinker Materials Corporation Lawrence N. Ctrtin Samuel J. Morley Attorneys at Law Holland and Knight 315 South Calhoun Street, Suite 600 Post Office Drawer 810 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 Attorneys for New Hope Sugar Company, Okeelanta Corporation, Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida, Inc., South Bay Growers, Inc. United States Sugar Corporation, S. D. Sugar Corporation, Florida Sugar Cane League Alfred J. Malefatto, Attorney at Law Shapiro & Bregman, P.A. Suite 310, East Tower 777 South Flagler Drive (33401) Post Office Box 20629 West Palm Beach, FL 33416-0629 Attorney for FreBar, Inc.; Sugar Belle Joint Venture and Flor Ag Corporation Mark P. Gagnon Stanley D. Klett, Jr. Attorneys at Law Scott, Royce, Harris, Bryan & Hyland, P.A. 4400 PGA Boulevard, Suite 900 Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33410 Attorneys for A. Duda and Sons, Inc. Leigh A. Williams, Attorney at Law Littman, Littman, Williams & Strike, P.A. 1855 S. Kanner Way (34994) Post Office Box 1197 Stuart, FL 34995 Attorney for VBQ, Inc.; Beach Brooks as Trustee and Individually Darrell White, Attorney at Law McFarlain, Sternstein, Wiley & Cassedy, P.A. 600 First Florida Bank Building (32301) Post Office Box 2174 Tallahassee, FL 32316-2174 Attorney for Allapattah Properties Partnership Michael K. Spotts, Attorney at Law Brennan, Hayskar, Jefferson & Gorman, P.A. 519 South Indian River Drive (34954) Post Office Box 3779 Fort Pierce, FL 34948 Attorney for Reuben Carlton Honorable Bob Martinez Governor, State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32399 Honorable Robert A. Butterworth Attorney General State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1050 Honorable Doyle Conner Commissioner of Agriculture State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0810 Honorable Betty Castor Commissioner of Education State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32399 Honorable Jim Smith Secretary of State State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250 Honorable Tom Gallagher Treasurer and Insurance Commissioner State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0300 Honorable Gerald A. Lewis Comptroller State of Florida The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0350 Eric Simon, Attorney at Law Borkson, Simon & Noskowitz 1500 N.W. 49th Street, Suite 401 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309 Attorney for Hollywood Lakes Country Club, Inc. Mary M. Viator, Attorney at Law Caldwell & Pacetti Post Office Box 2775 Palm Beach, FL 33480 Attorney for Indian Trail Water Control District Robert D. Miller, Attorney at Law 1675 Palm Beach Lakes Boulevard Tower A, Suite 700 West Palm Beach, FL 33401 Sugar Belle Joint Venture and Flor-Ag Corporation Joseph M. Norton Transmission Line Siting Coordinator Department of Environmental Regulation 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 Tim Murphy Anita Tallarico Attorneys at Law South Florida Regional Planning Council 3440 Hollywood Boulevard, Suite 140 Hollywood, FL 33021 Attorneys for South Florida Regional Planning Council Kerri L. Barsh, Attorney at Law 1221 Brickell Avenue Miami, FL 33131 Attorney for Graham Companies Donald S. Rosenberg, Attorney at Law 2600 AmeriFirst Building One S. E. Third Avenue Miami, FL 33131 Attorney for Black Island Partnership Robert E. Ferris, Trustee 540 Northeast Fourth Street Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 Paul H. Amundsen James C. Hauser Attorneys at Law Blank, Hauser & Amundsen 204-B South Monroe Street Tallahassee, FL 32301 Attorney for D.L. Scotto & Company; Indian River Citrus League Frank H. Fee, III, Attorney at Law Fee, Bryan & Koblegard, P.A. Post Office Box 1000 Fort Pierce, FL 34954 Attorney for North St. Lucie River Water Control District Thomas E. Gardner, Executive Director Department of Natural Resources 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard Tallahassee, FL 32399 David Swafford, Executive Director Florida Public Service Commission Fletcher Building 101 E. Gaines Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0875