Findings Of Fact The legal issue presented by agreement to the Hearing Officer for a recommended order is whether the Hospital Cost Containment Board has the authority to amend or adjust a hospital's net revenue per adjusted admission when the budget of the hospital has triggered budget review pursuant to sections 395.509(2)(a) and (b), Fla. Stat. (1984). The petition in case number 85-2465H contains this legal issue with respect to a reduction of net revenue per adjusted admission of an additional $84. Neither of the petitions in case numbers 85-2296H and 85-2297H contain any allegations raising this legal issue. At the final hearing, the parties stipulated that these three cases should be consolidated for the final hearing, and a single recommended order should be entered concerning the stipulated legal issue.
Recommendation For these reasons, it is recommended in the final order to be entered in these cases, that the Hospital Cost Containment Board conclude that it has statutory authority to alter or adjust the net revenues per adjusted admission of a hospital budget if that budget has triggered review pursuant to either of the criteria found in sections 395.509(2)(a) or (b), Fla. Stat. (1984). DONE and ENTERED this 17th day of September, 1985, in Tallahassee, Florida. Hearings Hearings 1985. WILLIAM C. SHERRILL, JR. Hearing Officer Division of Administrative The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904)488-9675 FILED with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative this 17th day of September, COPIES FURNISHED: Curtis Ashley Billingsley, Esquire Hospital Cost Containment Board Woodcrest Office Park 325 John Knox Road, Suite 101 Tallahassee, Florida 32303 Ralph H. Haben, Esquire Robert S. Cohen, Esquire Post Office Box 669 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 Jack Shreve, Esquire Kevin O'Donnell, Esquire The Public Counsel 624 Crown Building 202 Blount Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Mr. James J. Bracher, Executive Director Hospital Cost Containment Board Woodcrest Office Park 325 John Knox Road Building L, Suite 101 Tallahassee, Florida 32303
Findings Of Fact Petitioner Collier Medical Center, Inc. (CMC) proposes to construct a 100-bed acute care hospital in northern Collier County on an 18.5 acre site east of Airport Road and south of Immokalee Road. CMC has an option to purchase the site. Ninety-two beds would be medical/surgical and the remainder would be for intensive and/or coronary care. All beds would be private; patients could be accommodated without regard to sex, age, or smoking habits. CMC would have an emergency room and offer general medical and surgical services but not obstetrics or other specialty services. Children might be admitted but no pediatrics ward would exist as such. Naples Community Hospital (NCH), a 400-bed nonprofit acute care facility, was the only hospital in Collier County at the time of the hearing. The grant of a certificate of need to NCH for 46 additional beds, less than half of which would be medical or surgical beds, has been challenged administratively. Litigation was ongoing at the time of the hearing. In Lee County, north of western Collier County, there are four acute care hospitals, including the other two intervenors: Fort Myers Community Hospital (FMCH), a 400-bed private, for profit hospital, and Lee Memorial Hospital (LMH), a 558-bed public hospital. Both are located in Fort Myers. LMH draws a small fraction of its patients from northern Collier County. FMCH stipulated that CMC, if built, would have no adverse financial effect on its inpatient facility, but contends that the emergency room proposed for CMC would adversely affect operations at the primary care center it opened in Bonita Springs last year. INITIAL CAPITAL The total project cost anticipated is $14,447,000. Of this, $737,000 is the already agreed price of the land, and $160,000 is the projected cost of site preparation. An architect has been engaged, but final plans have not been drawn. The floor area Is estimated at 76,000 to 77,193 square feet-and construction cost per square foot is projected to be between $92.50 and $95.00. Construction supervision and equipment procurement services are put at $2207000. The cost of the equipment itself is estimated to be $3,180,000. Interest expense in connection with a construction loan, estimated at $1,300,000, loan origination fees, architectural and engineering fees and other preopening expenses would be incurred. CMC is a Florida for profit corporation organized for the purpose of operating the proposed hospital. When its application was updated on January 19, 1983, it reported cash on hand of three hundred fifty-one dollars ($351.00). Its only other assets were the option to purchase the site proposed for the hospital and certain capitalized expenses incurred in applying for the certificate of need. Harbert Corporation of Birmingham, Alabama, is to supply $16,000,000 for the project if a certificate of need issues. Of this sum up to $5,500,000 would be an outright investment and the remainder would be a loan at an annual interest rate not exceeding 14 percent, to be made or guaranteed by Harbert Corporation and to be secured by a first mortgage, repayable over a 25- year period. Harbert Corporation or a subsidiary might be the building contractor for the hospital. As of January 31, 1982, Harbert Corporation was financially sound and had assets in excess of $277 million. OPERATING PROJECTIONS CMC hopes to open its doors in the spring of 1985. Assuming an average daily census of 44 percent in the first year and 60 percent in the second year, initial indebtedness of $10,097,000, and a medicare-medicaid utilization rate of 58 percent, with bad debts at three and indigent care at two percent of revenues, CMC would lose $167,000 the first year after it opened and make a profit of $687,000 the second year. Because of substantial depreciation expense, the projected loss for the first year of operation would not be incompatible with a positive cash flow. The average daily census and with it CMC's profits would climb in succeeding years according to projections based on these assumptions. These projections assume 3.2 full-time employees or their equivalent per occupied bed during the first year of operations and 3.0 full-time employees or their equivalent per occupied bed during the second year, when a higher average daily census would make for more efficient operations. Average salary and benefits for full-time employees are projected at $22,100 during the initial year of operations. A management company would operate the hospital. TRAVEL TIMER John W. Barr, a professional engineer, did a travel time study "to establish the locus of those points which are 30 minutes average travel time distance from existing or proposed medical facilities," (T. 787) in Lee and Collier Counties, except for Cape Coral Medical Center. He used the average car method, personally performing the test drives in December of 1982 and January of 1983, the time of year when driving times are longest, because of an influx of seasonal visitors. On each segment of the arterial roads that he traveled, he made three trips, one at the morning rush hour, one at the evening rush hour and one at an off- peak time He averaged these three driving times and drew 30 minute contours around NCH, LMH, FMCH, the site proposed for CMC, Lehigh Acres Community Hospital, and Bonita Springs Medical Center. In this way, he mapped that part of Collier County from which the nearest hospital is more than 30 minutes distant. This part of the county lies east of the coast and the large populations there. Although the area is an extensive one, it is sparsely populated. Less than 2,500 people who now live in that part of the county that is more than 30 minutes from the nearest hospital are within 30 minutes of the site proposed for CMC. Mr. Barr testified without contradiction that transportation improvements planned for Lee and Collier Counties by 1986 would more than compensate for increased traffic anticipated there by 1986. The site proposed for CMC is about 18 minutes north of NCH. Bonita Springs, which is north of and about 11 minutes from the site .proposed for CMC, is emerging as a population center in southern Lee County. The intersection of U.S. Highway 41 and Terry Road in downtown Bonita Springs is within 30 minutes' driving time of FMCH and NCH, which is only about 24 minutes away, and 30 minutes and 14 seconds average driving time from Lee Memorial Hospital. BED NEED In projecting the need for beds, population forecasts for 1986 have been used. This is the year after the hospital is projected to open but two years earlier than the five-year horizon customarily used in health care planning. A population of 112,000 persons is projected for Collier County, including 19,610 persons over age 65, and 21,700 persons under age 15, in the year 1986. A population of 257,700 persons is projected for Lee County, including 64,700 persons over age 65, and 41,600 persons under age 15, in the year 1986. CMC has defined its proposed service area as the whole of Collier County and the Bonita Springs census division in southern Lee County. A population of 131,600 persons is projected for the proposed service area, including 28,453 persons over age 65, in the year 1986 According to Robert E. Stone, CMC's bed need analyst, no one bed need methodology should be looked to in projecting the number of beds the 1986 population of the proposed service area can use efficiently. Instead, a number of bed need formulae should be applied to predict a range of bed need. These formulae are classified broadly as resource based, utilization based and hybrids. The resource based formulae allocate some number of hospital beds to every 1,000 persons based on general health care planning principles, which may be modified to take into account local conditions such as unusually large seasonal variations in population or an exceptionally large proportion of people over age 65. Utilization based formulae look to actual utilization rates and assume that historical patterns will persist in the future. Both types of need formulae can be used for specific age cohorts or services, as well as for aggregate populations and services, information is available. Applying some 25 different bed need formulae, Mr. Stone predicted that the 1986 population of CMC's proposed service area could efficiently use between 499 and 775 total beds, which would include psychiatric and obstetric beds as well as the medical, surgical coronary and intensive care beds that CMC proposes to make available. CMC's Exhibit No. 12. From these numbers, beds available to that population need to be subtracted to arrive at the number of beds, if any, needed to be added by 1986. Three service specific methodologies employed by Mr. Stone predicted that a total of between 491 and 548 medical/surgical/other beds would be necessary to serve the 1986 population of CMC's proposed service area, from which existing beds in this category available to that population would have to be deducted to predict net bed need. Most, if not all, of these methods assumed an 80 percent average occupancy rate as a desired. In calculating net bed need, CMC advocates deducting only the beds at Naples Community Hospital and none of the beds in Lee County, because the proposed service area has been drawn to exclude the Lee County hospitals. This approach would yield a need for the 100 beds CMC proposes to house in a new hospital. But Lee and Collier Counties together, and each county viewed separately, will not need 100 additional hospital beds by 1986. Lee County has at least 1,140 licensed hospital beds and certificates of need have issued for 80 more beds at Cape Coral Medical Center and for a new 104-bed psychiatric hospital in the county. In accordance with the court's mandate in Gulf Coast Hospital, Inc. v. Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services and Fort Myers Community Hospital, 424 So.2d86(Fla. 1st DCA 1982) , an osteopathic hospital will also presumably be built in Lee County in the near future, Taking only presently licensed beds into account, the ratio of hospital beds to population in Lee County will be in excess of 4.4 per 1,000 in 1986. Any additional beds already opened or opened in the interim would increase the ratio. The number of hospital beds licensed or approved in Lee County was 1,324 as of the time of the hearing, exclusive of the osteopathic hospital. NCH's Exhibit No. 22. The highest use rate experienced in Lee County in recent years was 1,287 patient days per 1,000 persons. If this rate of utilization persists through 1986 and if all non-osteopathic hospital beds already approved for Lee County are open by that time, Lee County hospitals' average occupancy rate will be only 68.6 percent for 1986. The population in Collier County is younger than the population of Lee County and this differential is expected to continue. In 1986, the projection is that 17.5 percent of the population will be over age 65 in Collier County as compared to the over age 65 cohort of more than 25 percent in Lee County projected for 1986. Because of such differences in demographics, Collier County has had lower hospital use rates than Lee County and can be expected to have lower rates in the future. In 1982, when the utilization rate was at its highest in the last few years, Collier County experienced 1,064 patient days per 1,000 persons. If this rate of utilization persists through 1986 and NCH receives the 46-bed certificate of need for which it has applied, Collier County's hospital's average occupancy rate will be 72.4 percent in 1986. If NCH has not gained approval for 46 additional beds by that time, the average occupancy rate would be 80.8 percent in 1986, still leaving a daily average of 77 vacant hospital beds in Collier County in 1986. NO SUPPRESSED DEMAND Where there is a lack of or some impediment to the use of hospital beds or other services, utilization based formulae may predict less than the real need for such beds or services in the future, because historical rates have been artificially low. But nothing in the evidence suggests that the use rates in Lee and Collier Counties have been artificially depressed. There is no shortage of physicians or hospital beds in the area. The ratio of physicians to population is 1.5 to 1,000 which is slightly higher than the national average. Lee County particularly has excess hospital bed capacity. There is no reason to believe that financial barriers are a significant deterrent to hospital utilization (or that the C24C proposal would remove any such barriers). Naples Community Hospital and Lee Memorial Hospital have substantial charity case loads. A clinic in Immokalee is available to and much used by indigent persons in that part of the county who are regularly referred, in appropriate cases, to NCH. EFFECTS OF EXCESS BEDS Like NCH, Lee Memorial treats many patients for whose care it is reimbursed, if at all, at less than full charges. A mere 36 percent of LMH's patients (and/or their insurers) pay full charges. Although LMH draws only 1.2 percent of its patients from Bonita Springs and slightly fewer (1.1 percent) from Collier County, the loss of the revenues attributable to these patients would be significant. On the assumption that their average length of stay did not differ from the average at LMH, they accounted for 2,48 patient days in 1982. (.023 X 108085 from NCH's Exhibit No. 24) If LMH had had an average of five more full-pay patients a day in 1982 it would not have had to raise charges in 1983 to their present levels (in excess of $600 gross revenue per adjusted patient day), among the highest in the state. An average of five patients per day can be stated as 1,825 patient days for the year, which is less than the 2,486 patient days attributable to Collier County and Bonita Springs residents. More than one-eighth of NCH's patient days are attributable to admissions from northern Collier County and Bonita Springs. Loss of revenues from these patients, which would amount to several millions of dollars annually ($3,600,800 to $5,600,000), would have an even more devastating effect on NCH than the effect on LMH of the loss of its admissions from that area. Charges would go up at both hospitals and costs would he higher at both NCH and LMH with CMC than without it because lower occupancies at LMH and NCH would make for less efficient operations there. In the aggregate, hospital care in the area would cost more with CMC than without it, even if, as projected, CMC's charges were less for some services than charges anticipated at some existing area hospitals. EMERGENCY SERVICES DUPLICATED NCH plans to build a primary care center in northern Collier County that would provide emergency medical services comparable to those CMC proposes to offer at its emergency room. Now that CMC has withdrawn its administrative petition objecting to issuance of a certificate of need for NCH's primary care facility, there is no impediment to realization of these plans. To the north, in Southern Lee County, the focus of much of the population growth in the area, FMCH opened its Bonita Springs Emergency Outpatient Center (BSEOC) in July of 1982. BSEOC is a primary care center with an emergency room staffed by a physician 24 hours a day. BSEOC has been built and staffed to accommodate 80 patients a day but last year saw only an average of nine patients a day. It is still dramatically underutilized: 25 visits per day are projected for 1983. Last year's loss, attributable to less than 6 months' operations, amounted to $191,891. Operating losses for 1983 are projected at approximately $150,000. BSEOC has a triage area and four emergency rooms. One is equipped for trauma, cardiac and other acute medical emergencies. Another has obstetric and pediatric equipment. Approximately $242,000 has been expended for equipment at BSEOC, including some equipment not found in most emergency rooms in general hospitals. BSEOC has a laboratory, general X-ray equipment and a digital fluoroscopy unit. BSEOC has a lighted helipad to facilitate emergency transfers. Of the 1,440 patients seen there in 1982, only 27 were admitted to a hospital. Whether any of these patients required emergency transfers was not shown. FMCH has an option on land adjacent to the BSEOC which it acquired with a view toward building a hospital there eventually. Similarly NCH has purchased enough land at the site of its primary care center to build a hospital at some time in the future. The evidence showed that, if enough additional hospital beds were needed in Lee and Collier Counties to justify construction of a new hospital, sites like those proposed for CMC or NCH's primary care center or the land adjacent to BSEOC would be logical places to put a new hospital. But the evidence did not establish the need for so many new beds. The CMC proposal would also result in duplication both of the capital costs of establishing another emergency room and in the costs of operating a third such facility in the general area, notably the salaries of a physician and the equivalent of eight other full-time employees. PLANNING DOCUMENTS According to HRS' own witness, neither the Annual Implementation Plan nor the State Health Plan contain "any objectives or goals that specifically applied to this particular project." (T. 1301) Before its demise on March 31, 1983, the South Central Florida Health Systems Council, the local health systems agency, developed the 1982 Health System's Plan for the ten county region, including Lee and Collier Counties, in which the new District VIII Health Council now has health planning responsibility. The District VIII Health Council has formally adopted the 1982 Health Systems Plan as its own, but the plan has never been promulgated as an administrative rule. Despite its non-rule status, the plan is an accepted planning tool, reflecting local input. The plan itself did not come into evidence, representing as it did the opinions of experts and others unavailable for cross- examination, but the testimony of Larry Bebee, who played a key role in development of the plan and was qualified as an expert in health care planning at hearing, was to the effect that Lee County has substantially more hospital beds than needed while Collier County needs no more than 22 additional medical/surgical beds and then only if the certificate of need HRS has already proposed to issue to NCH for new beds does not in fact issue.
The Issue The issue is whether the methodology employed by respondent in calculating petitioners' budget letter gross revenues per adjusted admission is a rule, not duly promulgated, and thus is an illegal exercise of delegated legislative authority.
Findings Of Fact Based upon all of the evidence, the following findings of fact are determined: A. Parties Petitioners, Easte Point Hospital, Inc. and others, are fourteen hospitals in the State of Florida who are subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of respondent, Health Care Cost Containment Board (Board). Petitioner, Florida League of Hospitals, Inc., is a nonprofit organization which is organized and maintained for the benefit of the proprietary hospitals which comprise its membership. The Board is a state agency charged with the responsibility of annually reviewing hospital budgets to insure that a hospital's charges do not exceed certain established thresholds. Intervenor, Citizens of the State of Florida, is represented by the Office of the Public Counsel. That office has the duty of representing citizens in all proceedings before the Board. Events Leading to the Filing of the Rule Challenges Petitioners are required to annually file their projected budgets with the Board for its review and approval. This controversy pertains to the filing of budgets for fiscal year 1992. There are two types of budget filings authorized by law. First, a hospital may file what is known as a budget letter, which is a one- page submission on a form provided by the Board. In preparing such a letter, the hospitals are required to provide information regarding their gross revenues per adjusted admission (GRAA) and maximum allowable rate of increase (MARI), two financial indicators that are used by the Board in measuring the reasonableness of a hospital's charges. A budget letter is to be filed whenever a hospital does not intend to increase its charges (GRAA) in the next fiscal year by more than the percentage amount specified in its approved MARI. Secondly, a hospital may file a detailed budget which is much more complicated than the budget letter and requires the completion of a twenty-seven page form. The preparation of a detailed budget is obviously more time- consuming and expensive than a budget letter and requires the hospital to justify its entire budget. The detailed budget is to be filed whenever a hospital intends to increase its charges (GRAA) from one fiscal year to the next by a greater percentage amount than is specified in the MARI. These cases deal with the legitimacy of a methodology used by the Board in determining whether a hospital is eligible to file a budget letter. In this proceeding, each of the fourteen hospitals filed budget letters with the Board in May 1991. After the budget documents were reviewed by the Board's staff, on June 21, 1991, the Board issued virtually identical proposed agency action to each hospital advising the hospital that its budget letter was "nonconforming for the following reason: The hospital's maximum GRAA should be $ , instead of $ , ", with the appropriate dollar amounts inserted in the blanks. The letter went on to advise each hospital that it should resubmit a corrected budget document and until it did so, its submission would be considered incomplete. The effect of the Board's action was to reduce each hospital's budget letter GRAA and the amount of revenues (charges) it could receive in the next fiscal year unless it agreed to file a detailed budget. The hospitals are accordingly affected by the proposed agency action and thus have standing to being this action. Likewise, since the methodology employed by the Board in rejecting the budget letters affects all members of the Florida League of Hospitals, Inc. who file budget letters, that organization also has standing to participate. The parties have further stipulated to the standing of intervenor, Citizens of the State of Florida. Although the proposed agency action does not show the methodology used by the Board in reaching its conclusion that the "maximum GRAA" was overstated, the record reveals that the Board utilized a certain methodology to calculate the "base GRAA", the first calculation in the budget letter review process. /2 This methodology is described in the second sentence of Subsection 407.50(3), Florida Statutes (1989) as follows: In determining the base, the hospital's prior year audited actual experience shall be used unless the hospital's prior year audited experience exceeded the applicable rate of increase in which case the base shall be the gross revenue per adjusted admission from the year before the prior year, and then inflated by the applicable rate of increase for the current year. Petitioners concede that the methodology used by the Board tracks the language in the above statute verbatim. However, they contend that, when the language in subsection 407.50(2)(a) is considered, it becomes apparent that the use of this methodology is the review of budget letters is not clearly called for, and thus the methodology is a policy having all of the attributes of a rule which has not been adopted pursuant to chapter 120. Conversely, respondent and intervenor claim the methodology is not a policy but simply an interpretation of the controlling statute. Is the Methodology a Rule? By virtue of rather extensive amendments to the law in 1988, budget letters were first authorized for use by hospitals beginning with budget years 1990 and 1991. Prior to that time, all hospitals filed detailed budgets. There was no quarrel over the manner in which hospitals performed their calculations in the first two budget letter filings since subsection 407.50(1) clearly specified the methodology for making all calculations during the first two years. This controversy arises because all subsequent filings of budget letters are controlled by language found in other portions of section 407.50. The relevant portions of that statute read as follows: (a) Except for hospitals filing a budget pursuant to subsection (3), each hospital, at least 90 days prior to the commencement of its next fiscal year, shall file with he board a certified statement, hereafter known as the "budget letter", acknowledging its applicable maximum allowable rate of increase in gross revenue per adjusted admission from the previous fiscal year as calculated pursuant to s. 407.002(17) and its maximum projected gross revenue per adjusted admission for the next fiscal year, and shall affirm that the hospital shall not exceed such applicable maximum allowable rate of increase. . . * * * At least 90 days prior to the beginning of its fiscal year, each hospital requesting a rate of increase in gross revenue per adjusted admission in excess of the maximum allowable rate of increase for the hospital's next fiscal year, shall be subject to detailed budget review and shall file its projected budget with the board for approval. In determining the base, the hospital's prior year audited actual experience shall be used unless the hospital's prior year audited actual experience exceeded the applicable rate of increase in which case the base shall be the gross revenue per adjusted admission from the year before the prior year, increased by the then applicable rate of increase for the current year. * * * A reading of the above statute indicates that subsection 407.50(2) (a) prescribes the form and manner for a budget letter submission. The submission consists primarily of a certified statement by the hospital acknowledging "its applicable maximum allowable rate of increase in gross revenue per adjusted admission from the previous fiscal year as calculated pursuant to s. 407.0C2(17) and its maximum projected gross revenue per adjusted admission for tie next fiscal year, and shall affirm that the hospital shall not exceed such applicable maximum allowable rate of increase. At the same time, subsection 407.50(2) (a) provides that its provisions shall apply to all hospitals "except those filing a (detailed) budget pursuant to subsection (3)". However, the subsection does not prescribe the manner in which the budget letter's base GRAA should be calculated. On the other hand, subsection 407.50(3) appears, at least facially, to impose certain requirements upon detailed budget filings, including the time requirements for filing a detailed budget, who must file one, and the manner in which to calculate the "base". Thus, a literal reading of the statute could lead the reader to reasonably conclude that, while subsection 407.50(2) (a) does not prescribe the manner in which the base GRAA should be calculated for purposes of a budget letter submission, the same judgment can be reached with respect to subsection 407.50(3). In other words, an affected person would not necessarily know from a reading of the law that the base GRAA for a budget letter submission filed under subsection (2) (a) would be calculated using a methodology found in subsection (3). Accordingly, it is found that the methodology used by the Board in calculating the budget letter GPAA is not a statutory interpretation but instead is a policy. While respondent and intervenor presented evidence to justify and explain the rationale for calculating the budget letter base GRAA in this manner, this evidence is more relevant in the companion section 120.57(1) cases. The methodology employed by the Board is one of general applicability since it applies to all hospitals who file budget letters in fiscal year 1992 and beyond. It is applied uniformly without discretion by agency personnel to all hospitals, requires compliance and has the direct and consistent effect of law. The policy has not been adopted as a rule.
The Issue Whether Certificate of Need Application No. 8614, filed by Vencor Hospitals South, Inc., meets, on balance, the applicable statutory and rule criteria. Whether the Agency for Health Care Administration relied upon an unpromulgated and invalid rule in preliminarily denying CON Application No. 8614.
Findings Of Fact Vencor Hospital South, Inc. (Vencor), is the applicant for certificate of need (CON) No. 8614 to establish a 60-bed long term care hospital in Fort Myers, Lee County, Florida. The Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA), the state agency authorized to administer the CON program in Florida, preliminarily denied Vencor's CON application. On January 10, 1997, AHCA issued its decision in the form of a State Agency Action Report (SAAR) indicating, as it also did in its Proposed Recommended Order, that the Vencor application was denied primarily due to a lack of need for a long term care hospital in District 8, which includes Lee County. Vencor is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vencor, Inc., a publicly traded corporation, founded in 1985 by a respiratory/physical therapist to provide care to catastrophically ill, ventilator-dependent patients. Initially, the corporation served patients in acute care hospitals, but subsequently purchased and converted free-standing facilities. In 1995, Vencor merged with Hillhaven, which operated 311 nursing homes. Currently, Vencor, its parent, and related corporations operate 60 long term care hospitals, 311 nursing homes, and 40 assisted living facilities in approximately 46 states. In Florida, Vencor operates five long term care hospitals, located in Tampa, St. Petersburg, North Florida (Green Cove Springs), Coral Gables, and Fort Lauderdale. Pursuant to the Joint Prehearing Stipulation, filed on October 2, 1997, the parties agreed that: On August 26, 1996, Vencor submitted to AHCA a letter of intent to file a Certificate of Need Application seeking approval for the construction of a 60-bed long term care hospital to be located in Fort Myers, AHCA Health Planning District 8; Vencor's letter of intent and board resolution meet requirements of Sections 408.037(4) and 408.039(2)(c), Florida Statutes, and Rule 59C-1.008(1), Florida Administrative Code, and were timely filed with both AHCA and the local health council, and notice was properly published; Vencor submitted to AHCA its initial Certificate of Need Application (CON Action No. 8614) for the proposed project on September 25, 1996, and submitted its Omissions Response on November 11, 1996; Vencor's Certificate of Need Application contains all of the minimum content items required in Section 408.037, Florida Statutes; Both Vencor's initial CON Application and its Omissions Response were timely filed with AHCA and the local health council. During the hearing, the parties also stipulated that Vencor's Schedule 2 is complete and accurate. In 1994, AHCA adopted rules defining long term care and long term care hospitals. Rule 59C-1.002(29), Florida Administrative Code, provides that: "Long term care hospital" means a hospital licensed under Chapter 395, Part 1, F.S., which meets the requirements of Part 412, Subpart B, paragraph 412.23(e), [C]ode of Federal Regulations (1994), and seeks exclusion from the Medicare prospective payment system for inpatient hospital services. Other rules distinguishing long term care include those related to conversions of beds and facilities from one type of health care to another. AHCA, the parties stipulated, has no rule establishing a uniform numeric need methodology for long term care beds and, therefore, no fixed need pool applicable to the review of Vencor's CON application. Numeric Need In the absence of any AHCA methodology or need publication, Vencor is required to devise its own methodology to demonstrate need. Rule 59C-1.008(e) provides in pertinent part: If no agency policy exists, the applicant will be responsible for demonstrating need through a needs assessment methodology which must include, at a minimum, consideration of the following topics, except where they are inconsistent with the applicable statutory or rule criteria: Population demographics and dynamics; Availability, utilization and quality of like services in the district, subdistrict, or both; Medical treatment trends; and Market conditions. Vencor used a numeric need analysis which is identical to that prepared by the same health planner, in 1995, for St. Petersburg Health Care Management, Inc. (St. Petersburg). The St. Petersburg project proposed that Vencor would manage the facility. Unlike the current proposal for new construction, St. Petersburg was a conversion of an existing but closed facility. AHCA accepted that analysis and issued CON 8213 to St. Petersburg. The methodology constitutes a use rate analysis, which calculates the use rate of a health service among the general population and applies that to the projected future population of the district. The use rate analysis is the methodology adopted in most of AHCA's numeric need rules. W. Eugene Nelson, the consultant health planner for Vencor, derived a historic utilization rate from the four districts in Florida in which Vencor operates long term care hospitals. That rate, 19.7 patient days per 1000 population, when applied to the projected population of District 8 in the year 2000, yields an average daily census of 64 patients. Mr. Nelson also compared the demographics of the seven counties of District 8 to the rest of the state, noting in particular the sizable, coastal population centers and the significant concentration of elderly, the population group which is disproportionately served in long term care hospitals. The proposed service area is all of District 8. By demonstrating the numeric need for 64 beds and the absence of any existing long term care beds in District 8, Vencor established the numeric need for its proposed 60-bed long term care hospital. See Final Order in DOAH Case No. 97-4419RU. Statutory Review Criteria Additional criteria for evaluating CON applications are listed in Subsections 408.035(1) and (2), Florida Statutes, and the rules which implement that statute. (1)(a) need in relation to state and district health plans. The 1993 State Health Plan, which predates the establishment of long term care rules, contains no specific preferences for evaluating CON applications for long term care hospitals. The applicable local plan is the District 8 1996-1997 Certificate of Need Allocation Factors Report, approved on September 9, 1996. The District 8 plan, like the State Health Plan, contains no mention of long term care hospitals. In the SAAR, AHCA applied the District 8 and state health plan criteria for acute care hospital beds to the review of Vencor's application for long term care beds, although agency rules define the two as different. The acute care hospital criteria are inapplicable to the review of this application for CON 8614 and, therefore, there are no applicable state or district health plan criteria for long term care. (1)(b) availability, quality of care, efficiency, appropriateness, accessibility, extent of utilization and adequacy of like and existing services in the district; and (1)(d) availability and adequacy of alternative health care facilities in the district. Currently, there are no long term care hospitals in District 8. The closest long term care hospitals are in Tampa, St. Petersburg, and Fort Lauderdale, all over 100 miles from Fort Myers. In the SAAR, approving the St. Petersburg facility, two long term care hospitals in Tampa were discussed as alternatives. By contract, the SAAR preliminarily denying Vencor's application lists as alternatives CMR facilities, nursing homes which accept Medicare patients, and hospital based skilled nursing units. AHCA examined the quantity of beds available in other health care categories in reliance on certain findings in the publication titled Subacute Care: Policy Synthesis And Market Area Analysis, a report submitted to the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, on November 1, 1995, by Levin-VHI, Inc. ("the Lewin Report"). The Lewin Report notes the similarities between the type of care provided in long term care, CMR and acute care hospitals, and in hospital-based subacute care units, and subacute care beds in community nursing homes. The Lewin Report also acknowledges that "subacute care" is not well-defined. AHCA has not adopted the Lewin Report by rule, nor has it repealed its rules defining long term care as a separate and district health care category. For the reasons set forth in the Final Order issued simultaneously with this Recommended Order, AHCA may not rely on the Lewin Report to create a presumption that other categories are "like and existing" alternatives to long term care, or to consider services outside District 8 as available alternatives. Additionally, Vencor presented substantial evidence to distinguish its patients from those served in other types of beds. The narrow range of diagnostic related groups or DRGs served at Vencor includes patients with more medically complex multiple system failures than those in CMR beds. With an average length of stay of 60 beds, Vencor's patients are typically too sick to withstand three hours of therapy a day, which AHCA acknowledged as the federal criteria for CMR admissions. Vencor also distinguished its patients, who require 7 1/2 to 8 hours of nursing care a day, as compared to 2 1/2 to 3 hours a day in nursing homes. Similarly, the average length of stay in nursing home subacute units is less than 41 days. The DRG classifications which account for 80 percent of Vencor's admissions represent only 7 percent of admissions to hospital based skilled nursing units, and 10 to 11 percent of admissions to nursing home subacute care units. Vencor also presented the uncontroverted testimony of Katherine Nixon, a clinical case manager whose duties include discharge planning for open heart surgery for patients at Columbia-Southwest Regional Medical Center (Columbia-Southwest), an acute care hospital in Fort Myers. Ms. Nixon's experience is that 80 percent of open heart surgery patients are discharged home, while 20 percent require additional inpatient care. Although Columbia-Southwest has a twenty-bed skilled nursing unit with two beds for ventilator-dependent patients, those beds are limited to patients expected to be weaned within a week. Finally, Vencor presented results which are preliminary and subject to peer review from its APACHE (Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation) Study. Ultimately, Vencor expects the study to more clearly distinguish its patient population. In summary, Vencor demonstrated that a substantial majority of patients it proposes to serve are not served in alternative facilities, including CMR hospitals, hospital-based skilled nursing units, or subacute units in community nursing homes. Expert medical testimony established the inappropriateness of keeping patients who require long term care in intensive or other acute care beds, although that occurs in District 8 when patients refuse to agree to admissions too distant from their homes. (1)(c) ability and record of providing quality of care. The parties stipulated that Vencor's application complies with the requirement of Subsection 408.035(1)(c). (1)(e) probable economics of joint or shared resources; (1)(g) need for research and educational facilities; and (1)(j) needs of health maintenance organizations. The parties stipulated that the review criteria in Subsection 408.035(1)(e), (g) and (j) are not at issue. (f) need in the district for special equipment and services not reasonably and economically accessible in adjoining areas. Based on the experiences of Katherine Nixon, it is not reasonable for long term care patients to access services outside District 8. Ms. Nixon also testified that patients are financially at a disadvantage if placed in a hospital skilled nursing unit rather than a long term care hospital. If a patient is not weaned as quickly as expected, Medicare reimbursement after twenty days decreases to 80 percent. In addition, the days in the hospital skilled nursing unit are included in the 100 day Medicare limit for post-acute hospitalization rehabilitation. By contrast, long term care hospitalization preserves the patient's ability under Medicare to have further rehabilitation services if needed after a subsequent transfer to a nursing home. (h) resources and funds, including personnel to accomplish project. Prior to the hearing, the parties stipulated that Vencor has sufficient funds to accomplish the project, and properly documented its source of funds in Schedule 3 of the CON application. Vencor has a commitment for $10 million to fund this project of approximately $8.5 million. At the hearing, AHCA also agreed with Vencor that the staffing and salary schedule, Schedule 6, is reasonable. (i) immediate and long term financial feasibility of the proposal. Vencor has the resources to establish the project and to fund short term operating losses. Vencor also reasonably projected that revenues will exceed expenses in the second year of operation. Therefore, Vencor demonstrated the short and long term financial feasibility of its proposal. needs of entities serving residents outside the district. Vencor is not proposing that any substantial portion of it services will benefit anyone outside District 8. probable impact on costs of providing health services; effects of competition. There is no evidence of an adverse impact on health care costs. There is preliminary data from the APACHE study which tends to indicate the long term care costs are lower than acute care costs. No adverse effects of competition are shown and AHCA did not dispute the fact that Vencor's proposal is supported by acute care hospitals in District 8. costs and methods of proposed construction; and (2)((a)-(c) less costly alternatives to proposed capital expenditure. The prehearing stipulation includes agreement that the design is reasonable, and that proposed construction costs are below the median in that area. past and proposed service to Medicaid patients and the medically indigent. Vencor has a history of providing Medicaid and indigent care in the absence of any legal requirements to do so. The conditions proposed of 3 percent of total patient days Medicaid and 2 percent for indigent/charity patients proposed by Vencor are identical to those AHCA accepted in issuing CON 8213 to St. Petersburg Health Care Management, Inc. Vencor's proposed commitment is reasonable and appropriate, considering AHCA's past acceptance and the fact that the vast majority of long term care patients are older and covered by Medicare. services which promote a continuum of care in a multilevel health care system. While Vencor's services are needed due to a gap in the continuum of care which exists in the district, it has not shown that it will be a part of a multilevel system in District 8. (2)(d) that patients will experience serious problems obtaining the inpatient care proposed. Patients experience and will continue to experience serious problems in obtaining long term care in District 8 in the absence of the project proposed by Vencor. Based on the overwhelming evidence of need, and the ability of the applicant to establish and operate a high quality program with no adverse impacts on other health care providers, Vencor meets the criteria for issuance of CON 8614.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Agency for Health Care Administration issue CON 8614 to Vencor Hospitals South, Inc., to construct a 60-bed long term care hospital in Fort Myers, Lee County, District 8. DONE AND ENTERED this 3rd day of March, 1998, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. ELEANOR M. HUNTER Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 3rd day of March, 1998. COPIES FURNISHED: Sam Power, Agency Clerk Agency for Health Care Administration Fort Knox Building 3 2727 Mahan Drive, Suite 3431 Tallahassee, Florida 32308-5403 Paul J. Martin, General Counsel Agency for Health Care Administration Fort Knox Building 3 2727 Mahan Drive, Suite 3431 Tallahassee, Florida 32308-5403 Kim A. Kellum, Esquire Agency for Health Care Administration Fort Knox Building 3 2727 Mahan Drive, Suite 3431 Tallahassee, Florida 32308-5403 R. Terry Rigsby, Esquire Geoffrey D. Smith, Esquire Blank, Rigsby & Meenan, P.A. 204 South Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301
The Issue The issues in this case are (1) whether the methodology for grouping hospitals adopted by the HCCB pursuant to Sections 4D-1.03, 4D-1.12(1) and 4D-1.12(2), F.A.C., constitutes an invalid exercise of delegated legislative authority as being arbitrary or capricious and whether the gross revenue per adjusted admission screen should be adjusted by the geographic price level index adjustment factor? Mercy has also raised an issue as to whether the grouping methodology is violative of constitutional guarantees of administrative equal protection and due process. This issue, however, is beyond the jurisdiction of the Division of Administrative Hearings.
Findings Of Fact As a part of its responsibilities, the HCCB is required to specify a uniform system of financial reporting for Florida hospitals. Section 395.507(1), Florida Statutes (1984 Suppl.). So that meaningful comparisons of data reported can be made, the HCCB is required by Section 395.507(2), Florida Statutes (1984 Suppl.), to provide a method of grouping hospitals. Pursuant to Section 395.509(1), Florida Statutes (1984 Suppl.), every Florida hospital is required to file a budget with the HCCB for approval. Section 395.509(2), Florida Statutes (1984 Suppl.), requires that the budgets of certain hospitals be automatically approved based upon a comparison of the gross revenue per adjusted admission of hospitals within groups established pursuant to Section 395.509(4)(a), Florida Statutes (1984 Suppl.). The language of Section 395.509(4)(a), Florida Statutes (1984 Suppl.), which requires the HCCB to establish a method of grouping hospitals, is identical to the language of Section 395.507(2), Florida Statutes (1984 Suppl.). The grouping methodology required by Sections 395.507(2) and 395.509(4)(a), Florida Statutes (1984 Suppl.), is included in Chapter V, Section B of the Hospital Uniform Reporting System Manual (hereinafter referred to as the "Manual"). This methodology has been incorporated by reference in Sections 4D-1.03 and 4D- 1.12(1) and (2), F.A.C., as the method of grouping hospitals for purposes of the uniform system of financial reporting under Section 395.507, Florida Statutes (1984 Suppl.), and the comparison of gross revenue per adjusted admission for purposes of budget review under Section 395.509, Florida Statutes (1984 Suppl.). After hospitals are grouped, Chapter V, Section C of the Manual provides that the screens used to identify hospitals subject to further review are to be adjusted by adjustment factors. Two adjustment factors are provided; one is a geographic price level index adjustment factor. Mercy is a not-for-profit corporation which operates a general acute care hospital with 550 licensed beds located in Dade County, Florida. Based upon the application of the HCCB's grouping methodology as contained in Chapter V, Section B of the Manual, Mercy was assigned to group 9. Mercy was notified of its assignment by a memorandum dated October 10, 1984. Mercy challenged its group assignment by letter dated November 13, 1984. In its letter, Mercy challenged the grouping methodology used by the HCCB and requested a "more relevant and objective method of establishing the weights utilized in the grouping methodology . . . be developed." Further, Mercy requested that "new weights be applied and that the groups be reformulated," and that "the screening value, Gross Revenue per Adjusted Admission, be adjusted for geographic influences prior to ranking, as has been done in previous budget reviews." Mercy presented its reassignment request before the HCCB on December 13-14, 1984. The HCCB orally rejected Mercy's request. By memorandum dated December 19, 1984, the HCCB denied in writing mercy's request for reassignment. Whether Mercy should be reassigned to a reformulated group depends upon whether Mercy's challenge to Sections 4D-1.03 and 4D-1.12(1) and (2), F.A.C. is successful. If that challenge is not successful, the grouping methodology was properly applied to Mercy. The Final Order issued simultaneously with this Recommended Order holds that the grouping methodology is not arbitrary and capricious and therefore, the HCCB's adoption of Sections 4D-1.03 and 4D-1.12(1) and (2), F.A.C., does not constitute an invalid exercise of delegated legislature authority. Mercy's assignment to group 9 was therefore proper. Based upon the evidence presented at the hearing, it does not appear that the point at which the geographic price level index adjustment factor is to be applied to Mercy has been reached. Despite the fact that the evidence shows that the HCCB has decided not to apply this adjustment factor, even though it is specifically provided for in the HCCB's own Manual, the HCCB has not yet failed to do so in Mercy's case. Therefore, the question of whether the geographic price level index adjustment factor should be applied to Mercy's 1985 budget is premature.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the request for reassignment to a reformulated hospital group and the request to adjust the gross revenue per adjusted admission screen for the geographic price level index adjustment factor be denied. DONE and ENTERED this, 28th day of June, 1985, in Tallahassee, Florida. LARRY J. SARTIN Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 28th day of June, 1985. COPIES FURNISHED: John H. Parker, Jr., Esquire PARKER, HUDSON, PAINER DOBBS & KELLY 1200 Carnegie Bldg. 133 Carnegie Way Atlanta, Georgia 30303 James J. Bracher Executive Director Hospital Cost Containment Board Woodcrest Office Park 325 John Knox Road, Building L, Suite 101 Tallahassee, Florida 32303 Douglas A. Mang, Esquire Charles T. Collette, Esquire MANG & STOWELL, P.A. P.O. Box 1019 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 Robert A. Weiss, Esquire PARKER, HUDSON, RAINER, DOBBS & KELLY The Perkins House, Suite 101 118 N. Gadsden Street Tallahassee. Florida 32301
Conclusions Having reviewed the Administrative Complaint, and all other matters of record, the Agency for Health Care Administration finds and concludes as follows: 1. The Agency has jurisdiction over the above-named Respondent pursuant to Chapter 408, Part II, Florida Statutes, and the applicable authorizing statutes and administrative code provisions. 2. The Agency issued the attached Administrative Complaint and Election of Rights form to the Respondent. (Ex. 1) The Election of Rights form advised of the right to an administrative hearing. 3. The parties have since entered into the attached Settlement Agreement. (Ex. 2) Based upon the foregoing, it is ORDERED: 1, The Settlement Agreement is adopted and incorporated by reference into this Final Order. The parties shall comply with the terms of the Settlement Agreement. 2. The Respondent shall pay the Agency $4,500.00. If full payment has been made, the cancelled check acts as receipt of payment and no further payment is required. If full payment has not been made, payment is due within 30 days of the Final Order. Overdue amounts are subject to statutory interest and may be referred to collections. A check made payable to the “Agency for Health Care Administration” and containing the AHCA ten-digit case number should be sent to: Office of Finance and Accounting Revenue Management Unit Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive, MS 14 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 1 Filed May 30, 2013 10:06 AM Division of Administrative Hearings ORDERED at Tallahassee, Florida, on this 24 day of Mee, » 2013. rh eth nee Seoay eficy for Health Care Administration
Other Judicial Opinions A party who is adversely affected by this Final Order is entitled to judicial review, which shall be instituted by filing one copy of a notice of appeal with the Agency Clerk of AHCA, and a second copy, along with filing fee as prescribed by law, with the District Court of Appeal in the appellate district where the Agency maintains its headquarters or where a party resides. Review of proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the Florida appellate rules. The Notice of Appeal must be filed within 30 days of rendition of the order to be reviewed. CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE 1 CERTIFY that a true and correct of this Final Order was served on the below-named persons by the method designated on this 77 day of a , 2013. Richard Shoop, Agency Clerk Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive, Bldg. #3, Mail! Stop #3 Tallahassee, Florida 32308-5403 Telephone: (850) 412-3630 Jan Mills Finance & Accounting Facilities Intake Unit Revenue Management Unit (Electronic Mail) (Electronic Mail) Tria Lawton-Russell Michael P. Gennett, Esquire Office of the General Counsel Akerman Senterfitt Agency for Health Care Administration One SE Third Avenue, 25" Floor (Electronic Mail) Miami, Florida 33131-1714 (U.S. Mail) Stuart M. Lerner Gladys Valdes, President Administrative Law Judge Pointe of North Gables Division of Administrative Hearings 5890 S.W. 8" Street (Electronic Mail) Miami, Florida 33144 (U.S. Mail)
Findings Of Fact Tampa General Hospital is a 530 bed short term general acute care hospital. Hillsborough County Hospital is a 157 bed general acute care hospital. Both are divisions of Hillsborough County Hospital Authority, a public hospital system located in Tampa, Florida. T. 25; Hearing Officer E. 1. Tampa General Hospital and Hillsborough County Hospital filed timely petitions and have standing to seek such hearings. On January 29, 1987, both petitioners filed fiscal year 1986 actual reports as required by statute and rules of Tampa General Hospital. On April 23, 1987, Tampa General Hospital filed in revision to its actual report with respect to RPICC charges and receipts. It is officially recognized that a recommended order has been entered on this date in the consolidated DOAH case numbers 87-5207H and 87-5208H recommending that the April 23, 1987, revision be deemed final and not a correction submitted pursuant to section 12, chapter 87-92, Laws of Florida. If this conclusion is correct, the question of approval or disapproval of the April 23, 1987, revision is moot. The Board, however, contends that it has generally has the authority to disapprove a report of this nature pursuant to its rules and the statutes establishing the Board. On June 9, 1987, and the weeks thereafter, both Petitioners sought to correct their 1986 actual reports with respect to funds received by the Petitioners from Hillsborough County pursuant to the special sales tax enacted pursuant to chapters 84-373 and 85-555, Laws of Florida. These proposed corrections were submitted pursuant to section 12, chapter 87-92, Laws of Florida. The Hospital Cost Containment Board contends that it generally has authority to disapprove reports filed with the Board by hospitals regulated by the Board, and specifically contends that authority extends to revisions sought by the Petitioners with respect to both the sales tax funds and the RPICC funds. The Board has proposed to adopt rule 27J-1.0075 pursuant to its interpretation of it is authority and cites section 395.505, Fla. Stat. (1987) as general authority for such rulemaking. The portion of rule 27J-1.0075 challenged in this case provides; (2) A hospital may correct its 1986 fiscal year data for purposes of the redistribution of the Public Medical Assistance Trust Fund surplus, if such correction is verified by the hospital's independent certified auditors. Such corrections shall not be considered if received at the Board office after September 29, 1987. All such corrections shall comply with the following criteria, to the Board's satisfaction. (E.S.) The proposed rule was not published in the Florida Administrative Weekly until September 4, 1987, well into the period for filing corrections to 1986 actual reports pursuant to section 12, chapter 87-92, Laws of Florida. Since the record in these cases is consolidated with the section 120.57(1), Fla. Stat., cases, all of the findings of fact in the recommended order in DOAH case numbers 87-5207H and 87-5208H entered this same date, including the Appendix to that recommended order, are incorporated in this order by reference for purposes of background information in this rule challenge.
Findings Of Fact Upon consideration of the oral and documentary evidence adduced at the hearing, the following relevant facts are found: The petitioner Brookwood Medical Center of Lake City, Inc., d/b/a Lake City Medical Center (hereinafter referred to as LCMC) is a 75-bed acute care hospital, which presently has 65 medical/surgical beds and 10 alcohol treatment beds. Plans are under way to convert 10 of the medical/surgical beds to a psychiatric unit with 10 beds. LCMC primarily serves Columbia County, a primarily rural community with a population of 34,625, and derives 74 percent of its patients therefrom. The remaining 261 of its admissions come from the surrounding counties of Hamilton, Lafayette and Suwannee. Approximately 60 percent of its patients are sixty years of age or older. The source of reimbursement for the year 1980 was 40 percent Medicare, 8 percent Medicaid, 8 percent indigent or bad debt, and the remaining portion from other third-party payors. The current occupancy rate at LCMC is approximately 502 or 37.5 patients per day. Seasonal trends cause this figure to vary between 32 and 37.5. The daily census is expected to increase over the next year due to the planned addition of four new programs. These include the ten-bed psychiatric unit for which a Certificate of Need application is pending, an industrial medical and occupational health program which would provide on-site care to employees and their family members, the recruitment of an internist/cardiologist and the recruitment of an ophthalmologist. It is projected that the proposed new psychiatric unit will add eight patients to LCMC's daily census, the industrial health program will add 2.5 patients per day as well as outpatients, and that the internist/cardiologist will generate five patients per day. Psychiatric beds are less likely to generate intensive care patients than medical/surgical beds. It is expected that LCMC's program of expansion will change the mix of the primary and secondary service areas and will increase the average daily census to 42.5 by the end of 1981. Petitioner presently has a nursing staff of 48 and a medical staff of Of its medical staff, 13 are listed as active, 4 as courtesy, 4 as consulting and one with temporary privileges. LCMC has one operating room, no emergency room, and no intensive care/cardiac care unit (also referred to as IC/CCU). On an average basis, it is estimated that from ten to twelve surgical procedures per week are performed at LCMC. In 1980, 468 surgical procedures were performed. For the first quarter of 1981, the busiest time of the year, 156 surgical procedures were performed. Petitioner does have a step-down unit or a progressive care unit (also referred to as PCU) with four beds. The current utilization of the PCU is 2.7 patients per day, with a 50 percent medical component and a 50 percent surgical component. If petitioner's application for a Certificate of Need were granted, LCMC's PCU would be converted to an IC/CCU with invasive monitoring capabilities and patients who currently receive treatment in the PCU would be treated in the new IC/CCU. The current patient charge for the PCU is $111.00 per day. LCMC proposes an IC/CCU charge of $250.00 per day. Petitioner estimates that 8 percent of its patients would need and use an IC/CCU, and that, for the first year of operation, the IC/CCU would have a daily census of 3.5 patients. For the second year of operation, a daily patient census of 4.5 is projected. The projected daily utilization of over 50 percent is not consistent with actual utilization achieved in the IC/CCUs of other hospitals in the area. The prime concept of an IC/CCU is to provide more intensive nursing care and monitoring capabilities for unstable medical and surgical patients. The majority of admissions to an IC/CCU come from the emergency room and the second largest source is from the operating room after surgery. While some physicians feel that no physician or acute care facility should be without an IC/CCU, that all post-operative patients should be monitored in an ICU and that it is not good practice to transport an unstable patient under any circumstances, others disagree. These physicians, while agreeing that all hospitals need some form of life support capability, feel that for general routine surgery, only a very small percentage of patients are in need of an intensive care unit. It is possible to reduce the need for an intensive care unit by screening patients prior to surgery. A recovery room and/or a progressive care unit can provide the routine noninvasive monitoring and more intensive nursing care and observation needed by many medical and surgical patients. The use of a recovery room for critical care patients does pose serious problems due to the exposure to additional commotion and the potential mixing of well surgical patients with septic unstable patients. It is better medical practice to have separate personnel for infectious and noninfectious patients. The transfer of an unstable patient to another facility can pose serious risk to the patient. The intervenor Lake Shore Hospital (also referred to as LSH) is located approximately 1.5 miles from the petitioner. Lake Shore Hospital is a full- service, acute care, public hospital with 128 beds, an emergency room and a 9- bed IC/CCU. LSH has had an IC/CCU since 1970 or 1971. More than 50 percent of its intensive care patients come from its emergency room. Approximately 1600 surgical operations per year are performed at LSH. The IC/CCU at LSH provides basic noninvasive monitoring equipment connected to the patient's bedside and the nurses' stations. It does not presently have Swans-Ganz monitoring equipment, an invasive device which measures a patient's hemodynamics. The wiring and other equipment for two such monitoring capabilities are in place and, with the addition of a module and transducer for each unit, two units can be installed for a cost of approximately $4,400.00. At the present time, no one in Lake City has the extensive training required to utilize the Swans-Ganz monitoring equipment. LSH is in the recruitment process and plans to purchase and install this equipment when a cardiologist or other trained specialist is recruited. The IC/CCU at LSH experiences an occupancy rate of 3.5 patients per day, or 35 percent of its capacity. It has only achieved full capacity on two occasions in the ten years of its existence. Lake Shore Hospital presently charges $275.00 per day for the use of its IC/CCU. If it were to lose one patient per day, LSH would lose approximately $100,000.00 per year in revenue. Such a loss could result in either increased taxes or increased patient charges. In spite of the fact that several major admittors to LCMC and LSH have their offices at LCMC, It was their testimony that were a Certificate of Need granted to LCMC for an IC/CCU, they would continue to admit and refer patients to both facilities. Lake Shore Hospital has a medical staff of 22 or 23 specialists and nonspecialists. Of this number, all but one are also on the staff of Lake City Medical Center. The PCU at LCMC and the IC/CCU at LSH are presently comparable. While the nursing staff at Lake Shore's IC/CCU is better trained, at least one physician who practices at both hospitals felt that the same level of care could presently be obtained at LCMC's PCU as at LSH's IC/CCU. This is due to the fact that LSH does not now have the invasive monitoring capabilities felt to be essential to an IC/CCU. The traditional difference between a PCU and an IC/CCU is the degree of training of the nursing staff and the sophistication of the equipment. Underutilization of an IC/CCU can have an adverse effect upon the quality of care provided. One of the most important aspects of an intensive care unit is superior trained personnel. A reduction in patient use obviously reduces the personnel's exposure to complications and skills become dull. Thus, a reduction in patients reduces the quality of care. There is presently a shortage of nurses in the Lake City area. Lake Shore Hospital presently has 8 nursing vacancies and has been actively recruiting to fill those vacancies. In order to operate its proposed IC/CCU, LCMC would have to employ two full-time equivalent nurses with training in that area. The petitioner projects the cost of its requested IC/CCU to be $240,000.00. In 1979, LCMC ran a deficit of $1 million, the sixth largest loss in the State. In 1980, the deficit was $390,000.00. LCMC is presently experiencing a positive cash flow for 1981. It appears that LCMC anticipates the proposed IC/CCU to be a profit-making venture and projects that, if its presumptions are true with respect to patient use, the project will be financially feasible. At the time of the hearing, negotiations were under way for the sale of petitioner to another entity. The reviewing Health Systems Agency, the North Central Florida Health Planning Council, Inc. (NCFHPC), unanimously denied the petitioner's request for an IC/CCU at every level of the review process. The 1981-1985 Health Systems Plan for the NCFHPC contains certain criteria and standards for intensive and coronary care units which should he met within five years of operation. Two of the criteria are that an IC/CCU should have an average annual occupancy rate of 80 percent and that an IC/CCU should be available within one hour's (one-way) travel time of 95 percent of the region's residents. As noted above, LSH is approximately 1.5 miles away from LCMC. Lake City is 45 miles from Gainesville and 65 miles from Jacksonville with interstate highways connecting these cities. With an optimal utilization rate of 80 percent, it is projected that 8.5 IC/CCU beds are needed in the planning area in 1980, and, by 1985, there will be a need for 9 beds. There are presently 15 IC/CCU beds in the Level 2 planning area, which includes Lafayette, Suwannee, Hamilton and Columbia Counties. Of the licensed 212 acute care medical/surgical hospitals in Florida, 22 or 10 percent do not have intensive or coronary care units. The approximate bed size of most of these facilities is 50.
Recommendation Based upon the findings of fact and conclusions of law recited herein, it is RECOMMENDED that petitioner's application for a Certificate of Need to construct and operate an intensive care/coronary care unit at Lake City Medical Center be DENIED. Respectfully submitted and entered this 7th day of August, 1981, in Tallahassee, Florida. DIANE D. TREMOR, Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 7th day of August, 1981. COPIES FURNISHED: John H. French, Jr. Messer, Rhodes and Vickers Post Office Box 1876 Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Donna H. Stinson General Counsel Department of HRS 1323 Winewood Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Jon Moyle and Thomas Sheehan, III Moyle, Jones and Flannagan, P.A. 707 North Flagler Drive Post Office Box 3888 West Palm Beach, Florida 33402 Honorable Alvin J. Taylor Secretary, Department of HRS 1323 Winewood Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32301
Conclusions Having reviewed the Administrative Complaint, and all other matters of record, the Agency for Health Care Administration finds and concludes as follows: 1. The Agency has jurisdiction over the above-named Respondent pursuant to Chapter 408, Part II, Florida Statutes, and the applicable authorizing statutes and administrative code provisions. 2. The Agency issued the attached Administrative Complaint and Election of Rights form to the Respondent. (Ex. 1) The Election of Rights form advised of the right to an administrative hearing. 3. The parties have since entered into the attached Settlement Agreement. (Ex. 2) Based upon the foregoing, it is ORDERED: 1. The Settlement Agreement is adopted and incorporated by reference into this Final Order. The parties shall comply with the terms of the Settlement Agreement. 2. The Respondent shall pay the Agency $500. If full payment has been made, the cancelled check acts as receipt of payment and no further payment is required. If full payment has not been made, payment is due within 90 days of the Final Order. Overdue amounts are subject to statutory interest and may be referred to collections. A check made payable to the “Agency for Health Care Administration” and containing the AHCA ten-digit case number should be sent to: Office of Finance and Accounting Revenue Management Unit Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive, MS 14 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 Filed August 29, 2014 9:49 AM Division of Administrative Hearings ORDERED at Tallahassee, Florida, on this 24 day of Dutuat , 2014.
Other Judicial Opinions A party who is adversely affected by this Final Order is entitled to judicial review, which shall be instituted by filing one copy of a notice of appeal with the Agency Clerk of AHCA, and a second copy, along with filing fee as prescribed by law, with the District Court of Appeal in the appellate district where the Agency maintains its headquarters or where a party resides. Review of proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the Florida appellate rules. The Notice of Appeal must be filed within 30 days of rendition of the order to be reviewed. CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I CERTIFY that a true and ory or this Final Order was served on the below-named persons by the method designated on this 6 2 , 2014, lay of 7485 as Richard Shoop, Agency Cletk Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive, Bldg. #3, Mail Stop #3 Tallahassee, Florida 32308-5403 Telephone: (850) 412-3630 Jan Mills Finance & Accounting Facilities Intake Unit Revenue Management Unit (Electronic Mail) (Electronic Mail) Andrea M. Lang Miriam Alonso, Administrator Office of the General Counsel Living Care Solutions LLC d/b/a The Pointe of Agency for Health Care Administration North Gables (Electronic Mail) 5890 S.W. 8” Street Miami, Florida 33144 (U.S. Mail) Darren A. Schwartz Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings (Electronic Mail)
Findings Of Fact The Agency is statutorily responsible for administering the Certificate of Need (CON) program and the promulgation of rules pertaining to tertiary health services. Promise Healthcare, Inc., is located at 999 Yamato Road, Third Floor, Boca Raton, Florida. Promise's wholly-owned subsidiary, Promise Healthcare of Florida III, Inc., has received approval to construct and operate an LTCH in AHCA Health Service Planning District (District) 3. See Promise Healthcare of Florida III, Inc. v. State of Florida, Agency for Health Care Administration, Case No. 06-0568CON (DOAH April 10, 2008; AHCA May 16, 2008). Select owns and operates an LTCH in Orlando, Florida, within District 7. Petitioners related corporations are currently and have been applicants in proceedings before the Division of Administrative Hearings (DOAH) seeking to establish LTCHs in the State of Florida. Id. See also Select Specialty Hospital - Marion, Inc. v. State of Florida, Agency for Health Care Administration, Case No. 04-3150CON (DOAH July 11, 2006; AHCA Sept. 23, 2006); Select Specialty Hospital - Broward, Inc. v. Agency for Health Care Administration, Case No. 07-0597CON and Promise Healthcare of Florida X, Inc. v. Agency for Health Care Administration, Case No. 07-0598CON (Consolidated). The Proposed Rule In December 2005 and September 2006, the Agency published separate notices of proposed rule development proposing to include long-term care hospitals within the rule definition of tertiary health service. On June 8, 2007, the Agency published a copy of the proposed rule at issue in this proceeding in the Florida Administrative Weekly. The proposed rule is one of several proposed changes to Florida Administrative Code Rule 59C-1.002, providing definitions. The stated purpose and effect of the entire proposed rule changes to Rule 59C-1.002 is "to amend the rule that defines terms in Chapter 59C-1, F.A.C. due to recent statutory changes " On July 13, 2007, a public hearing was held. Proposed rule 59C-1.002(41)(i) provides: "'Tertiary health service' means a health service. . . . .The types of tertiary services to be regulated under the Certificate of Need Program in addition to those listed in Florida Statutes include: . . . (i) Long-term care hospitals. The Agency relies on Sections 408.034(6) and 408.15(8), Florida Statutes, as the specific authority for all of the changes to Rule 59C-1.002, including subsection(41)(i). All of the proposed rule changes implement Sections 408.033(1)(a), 408.036(1)-(3), 408.037(1), 408.039(1) and (2), and 651.118, Florida Statutes. See also endnote 3. ("'Law implemented' means the language of the enabling statute being carried out or interpreted by an agency through rulemaking." Ch. 2008-104, § 2, Laws of Fla.) Section 408.034(6) authorizes the Agency to adopt rules necessary to implement Sections 408.031-408.045, known as the "Health Facility and Services Development Act." See also § 408.15(8), Fla. Stat., providing similar authority. Section 408.033(1)(a) pertains to Local Health Councils. Section 408.036(1)-(3) include projects that are subject to CON review, including expedited review, and projects that are exempt from CON review. (The new construction or establishment of additional health care facilities, which includes long-term care hospitals by definition, see Section 408.032(8), Florida Statutes, are subject to CON review.) Section 408.037(1) pertains to CON application content. Section 408.039(1) and (2) pertains to CON review cycles and letters of intent, respectively. Section 651.118 pertains generally to the Agency's authority regarding nursing home beds and sheltered nursing home beds. Statutory Definitions "'Health services' means inpatient diagnostic, curative, or comprehensive medical rehabilitative services and includes mental health services. Obstetric services are not health services for purposes of ss. 408.031-408.045." § 408.032(9), Fla. Stat. In 2004, the Legislature amended the definition of "health services" as follows: "'Health services' means inpatient diagnostic, curative, or comprehensive medical rehabilitative services and includes mental health services. Obstetrical services are not health services for purposes of ss. 408.031- 408.045." Ch. 2004-383, § 2, Laws of Fla. (emphasis in original). "'Health care facility' means a hospital, long-term care hospital. . . ." § 408.032(8), Fla. Stat. "'Hospital' means a health care facility licensed under chapter 395." § 408.032(11), Fla. Stat. "Hospital" is defined in Section 395.002(12), Florida Statutes. "'Hospital' means any establishment that" offers "services more intensive than those required for room, board, personal services, and general nursing care, and offers facilities and beds for use beyond 24 hours by individuals requiring diagnosis, treatment, or care for illness, injury, deformity, infirmity, abnormality, disease, or pregnancy. " § 395.002(12)(a)-(b), Fla. Stat. The parties stipulated that the Agency licenses LTCH facilities as Class 1 general hospitals. Generally, a Class 1 general hospital is a "basic multipurpose hospital." Like Class 1 general hospitals, LTCHs are subject to CON review and approval prior to offering those services. Unlike a Class 1 general hospital, a Class I LTCH seeks exclusion from the acute care Medicare prospective payment system for inpatient services. "'General hospital' means any facility which meets the provisions of subsection (12) and which regularly makes its facilities and service available to the general population." § 395.002(10), Fla. Stat. See also § 395.002(28), Fla. Stat. for a definition of "specialty hospital." For example, a freestanding children's hospital is classified as a Class 3 specialty hospital because it provides services to a specialized population related to gender or age. Comprehensive rehabilitation hospitals are classified as Class 2 specialty hospitals. Gregg deposition at 35-39. If a Class 1 general hospital desires to add a tertiary health service, such as pediatric cardiac catheterization, the hospital would need to obtain a CON. Aside from LTCHs and perhaps some referral hospitals, the Agency believes a comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation facility is an example of a facility providing services that are high in intensity, complexity, or a specialized or limited application at a high cost associated with the Medicare program. Gregg deposition at 36-37. The new construction or establishment of additional health care facilities, including an LTCH, is subject to CON review. § 408.036(1)(b), Fla. Stat.1 Conversions from one type of health care facility to another, including the conversion from a general hospital, a specialty hospital, or a long-term care hospital are also subject to CON review. § 408.036(1)(c), Fla. Stat. See endnote 5. Also, unless exempt, all health care-related projects requesting "[t]he establishment of tertiary health services, including inpatient comprehensive rehabilitation services" are subject to CON review. § 408.036(1)(f), Fla. Stat. An LTCH desiring to offer a tertiary health service is required to obtain a CON in order to provide the service. LTCHs, like other general hospitals, can add additional beds without CON review by filing an appropriate notice with the Agency. "'Long-term care hospital' means a hospital licensed under chapter 395 which meets the requirements of 42 C.F.R. s. 412.23(e)[2] and seeks exclusion from the acute care Medicare prospective payment system for inpatient hospital services." § 408.032(13), Fla. Stat. See also Fla. Admin. Code R. 59C- 1.002(28), as amended, which mirrors the statutory definition. In 2004, the Legislature amended the definition of long-term care hospital in Section 408.032(13), adding the terms "acute care" before "Medicare." Ch. 2004-383, § 2, Laws of Fla.3 "'Tertiary health service' means a health service which, due to its high level of intensity, complexity, specialized or limited applicability, and cost, should be limited to, and concentrated in, a limited number of hospitals to ensure the quality, availability, and cost-effectiveness of such service. Examples of such service include, but are not limited to, pediatric cardiac catheterization, pediatric open- heart surgery, organ transplantation, neonatal intensive care units, comprehensive rehabilitation, and medical or surgical services which are experimental or developmental in nature to the extent that the provision of such services is not yet contemplated within the commonly accepted course of diagnosis or treatment for the condition addressed by a given service. The agency shall establish by rule a list of all tertiary health services. § 408.032(17), Fla. Stat.(emphasis added).4 In 2004, the Legislature added "pediatric cardiac catheterization" and "pediatric open-heart surgery" to the statutory list of tertiary health services and deleted "specialty burn units". Ch. 2004-383, § 2, Laws of Fla.(emphasis in original).5 By its terms, the statutory list of tertiary health services is not exhaustive. The Agency reviews this list periodically. To accomplish the legislative purpose stated in the statutory definition of tertiary health service, the Agency includes a list of tertiary health services in Florida Administrative Code Rule 59C-1.002(41)(a)-(j). Like its statutory counterpart, Section 408.032(17), Florida Statutes, all of the items listed in Rule 59C- 1.002(41(a)-(j) are health services, which, by definition, "should be limited to, and concentrated in, a limited number of hospitals to ensure the quality, availability, and cost- effectiveness of such service." Fla. Admin. Code R. 59C- 1.002(41). Over time, the Agency has added several tertiary health services, such as heart, kidney, liver, bone marrow, lung, pancreas, islet cells, and heart/lung transplantation, and adult open heart surgery. The Agency proposes to delete neonatal and pediatric cardiac and vascular surgery, and pediatric oncology and hematology, from the list and add pediatric cardiac catheterization and pediatric open-heart surgery to the list, the latter reflecting the 2004 statutory amendments. See proposed rule 59C-1.002(41)(a)-(j). The Agency's Rationale for the Proposed Rule According to the Agency, Section 408.032(17) provides a broad definition of tertiary health services and the Agency has the authority to decide if certain services, due to their complexity and cost, should be added to or deleted from the list of tertiary health services. Notwithstanding the stated purpose and effect of the proposed rule, see Finding of Fact 6, "[t]he Agency has proposed to include long term care hospital (LTCH) services as a tertiary service in the [CON] program because the services are intense, complex, specialized and costly." See AHCA's Motion for Summary Final Order, "Rationale for Proposing Long Term Care Hospital Services as a Tertiary Service in the CON Program" at 1. In attachments to its Motion for Final Summary Order, the Agency provided information that the Agency believes demonstrates that LTCH services are tertiary health services. The Agency contends that "[t]he undisputed evidence shows that a long term care hospital is a tertiary health service" and further asserts "[t]here are no genuine issues of material fact present in this case." AHCA's Motion at 2, ¶¶ 2 and 3. For the Agency, "[t]here is really no such thing as a tertiary hospital. Tertiary has to do with the services that are provided." Within the Agency's framework, tertiary health services are "a combination of specialized, complicated, complex services that are a high cost." Further, "[t]hey are somewhat unique. They are high-end services that are the most complex, the most technologically advanced, the most difficult to provide, the most resource intensive, and inherently limited as a result." According to the Agency, LTCHs are health services that provide a high level of intensity, treat complex patients, and have a high cost associated with the services provided. Gregg deposition at 30-33, 48-53. By the proposed rule, the Agency proposes to make services that are provided in an LTCH a tertiary health service. But, if those same services are provided in some other type of facility, they are not LTCH services. Gregg deposition at 48- 49.6 The Agency's approach is based in part on several reports published by, for example, MedPAC, which characterize the role of the LTCH to provide post-acute care to a small number of medically complex patients at a high cost and for relatively extended periods. Id. at 21-29, 67-68. (The MedPAC reports relied on by the Agency do not define tertiary services. Id. at 58.) The Agency's approach is also based on the experience of the Agency in reviewing LTCH CON applications and developing an understanding of the complex patient population treated at LTCHs. Id. at 29, 68. See also AHCA's Motion at Gregg affidavit and supporting information. The Agency's rationale for the proposed rule is informative and thoughtful, but not material to the disposition of this rule challenge in light of the facial challenge to the proposed rule as written. See endnotes 7 and 13. If the case was resolved on the current record, none of the parties would be entitled to entry of a final order as a matter of law if the issue was whether LTCH services within an LTCH are tertiary health services because whether LTCH services provided within an LTCH are tertiary health services requires the resolution of genuine issues of material fact. Compare, e.g., Petitioners' Motion for Summary Final Order, Exhibit 9 (Kornblatt affidavit) with AHCA's Motion for Summary Final Order, Gregg affidavit and supporting information. Rather, the challenge is resolved based on an evaluation of the proposed rule in light of the plain meaning of several statutory provisions.
Conclusions For Petitioner Promise Healthcare, Inc.: F. Philip Blank, Esquire Blank & Meenan, P.A. 204 South Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301 For Petitioner/Intervenor Select Specialty Hospital- Orlando, Inc.: Mark A. Emanuele, Esquire Panza, Maurer & Maynard, P.A. Bank of America Building, Third Floor 3600 North Federal Highway Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33308 For Respondent Agency for Health Care Administration: Bart O. Moore, Esquire Shaddrick A. Haston, Esquire Agency for Health Care Administration Fort Knox Building III, Mail Stop 3 2727 Mahan Drive, Suite 3431 Tallahassee, Florida 32308
Other Judicial Opinions A party who is adversely affected by this Final Order is entitled to judicial review pursuant to Section 120.68, Florida Statutes. Review proceedings are governed by the Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure. Such proceedings are commenced by filing one copy of a Notice of Appeal with the agency clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings and a second copy, accompanied by filing fees prescribed by law, with the District Court of Appeal, First District, or with the District Court of Appeal in the appellate district where the party resides. The Notice of Appeal must be filed within 30 days of rendition of the order to be reviewed.
