The Issue Whether Medicaid overpayments were made to Petitioner by the Agency for Health Care Administration ("AHCA") for services performed during the audit period of August 1, 2000, to August 1, 2002 (the "audit period"), and, if so, what is the total amount of these overpayments.
Findings Of Fact Based on the oral and documentary evidence presented at the final hearing and on the entire record of this proceeding, the following findings of fact are made: Parties Respondent, William O. Kabry, M.D., is a licensed physician in the State of Florida, having been issued license number 28394. During the audit period, Dr. Kabry's specialty area of practice was general or family practice, and his office was in Naples, Florida. Dr. Kabry is now retired. AHCA is the agency responsible for administering the Florida Medicaid Program. One of AHCA's duties is to recover Medicaid overpayments from physicians providing care to Medicaid recipients. §§ 409.901, 409.902, and 409.9131, Fla. Stat. (2006). The Provider Agreement During the audit period, Dr. Kabry was authorized to provide physician services to eligible Medicaid patients, pursuant to a valid, voluntary Medicaid provider contract agreement with AHCA, Medicaid Provider No. 065342000. The 1996 Provider Agreement, in effect at the time of the audit, contained the following provisions, among others: Quality of Service. The provider agrees to provide medically necessary services or goods of not less than the scope and quality it provides to the general public. The provider agrees that services or goods billed to the Medicaid program must be medically necessary, of a quality comparable to those furnished by the provider's peers, and within the parameters permitted by the provider's license or certification. The provider further agrees to bill only for the services performed within the specialty or specialties designated in the provider application on file with the Agency. The services or goods must have been actually provided to eligible Medicaid recipients by the provider prior to submitting the claim. Compliance. The provider agrees to comply with all local, state and federal laws, rules, regulations, licensure laws, Medicaid bulletins, manuals, handbooks and Statements of Policy as they may be amended from time to time. * * * 5. Provider Responsibilities. The Medicaid provider shall: * * * (b) Keep and maintain in a systematic and orderly manner all medical and Medicaid related records as the Agency may require and as it determines necessary; make available for state and federal audits for five years, complete and accurate medical, business, and fiscal records that fully justify and disclose the extent of the goods and services rendered and billings made under the Medicaid [sic]. The provider agrees that only records made at the time the goods and services were provided will be admissible in evidence in any proceeding relating to the Medicaid program. * * * (d) Except as otherwise provided by law, the provider agrees to provide immediate access to authorized persons (including but not limited to state and federal employees, auditors and investigators) to all Medicaid- related information, which may be in the form of records, logs, documents, or computer files, and all other information pertaining to services or goods billed to the Medicaid program. This shall include access to all patient records and other provider information if the provider cannot easily separate records for Medicaid patients from other records. * * * (f) Within 90 days of receipt, refund any moneys received in error or in excess of the amount to which the provider is entitled from the Medicaid program. Handbook Provisions Among the "manuals and handbooks" referenced in paragraph 3 of the Provider Agreement in effect during the audit period were the Medicaid Provider Reimbursement Handbook, HFCA- 1500 and Child Health Check-Up 221 ("Reimbursement Handbook") and the Physician Coverage and Limitations Handbook ("C&L Handbook"), with their periodic updates. The term "medically necessary" was defined in Appendix D of the Reimbursement Handbook as follows, in relevant part: Medically Necessary or Medical Necessity Means that the medical or allied care, goods, or services furnished or ordered must: Meet the following conditions: Be necessary to protect life, to prevent significant illness or significant disability, or to alleviate severe pain; Be individualized, specific, and consistent with symptoms or confirmed diagnosis of the illness or injury under treatment, and not in excess of the patient's needs; Be consistent with generally accepted professional medical standards as determined by the Medicaid program, and not experimental or investigational; Be reflective of the level of service that can be safely furnished, and for which no equally effective and more conservative or less costly treatment is available statewide; and Be furnished in a manner not primarily intended for the convenience of the recipient, the recipient's caretaker, or the provider. * * * The fact that a provider has prescribed, recommended, or approved medical or allied care does not, in and of itself, make such care, goods, or services medically necessary or a medically necessary service. The Reimbursement Handbook sets out record keeping requirements for Medicaid providers. Chapter 2 of the Reimbursement Handbook states in pertinent part that Record Keeping Requirement: The provider must retain all medical, fiscal, professional and business records on all services provided to a Medicaid recipient. Records may be kept on paper, magnetic material, film, or other media. In order to qualify as a basis for reimbursement, the records must be signed and dated at the time of service, or otherwise attested to as appropriate to the media. Rubber stamp signatures must be initialed. Record Retention: The records must be retained for a period of at least five (5) years from the date of service. Types of Records That Must be Retained: The following types of records, as appropriate for the type of service provided, must be retained (the list is not all inclusive): Medicaid claim forms and any documents that are attached; Professional records, such as appointment books, patient treatment plans and physician referrals; Medical, dental, optometric, hearing, and other patient records; Copies of sterilization and hysterectomy consents; Prior and post authorization, and service authorization information; Prescription records; Orders for laboratory tests and test results; X-ray, MRI, and CAT scan records; Business records, such as accounting ledgers, financial statements, invoices, inventory records and check registers; Tax records, including purchase documentation; Partnership records; Purchase documentation; Provider enrollment documentation; and Utilization review and continued stay approvals for psychiatric or substance abuse inpatient stays. Right to Review Records: Authorized state and federal agencies and their authorized representatives may audit or examine a provider’s or facility’s records. This examination includes all records that the agency finds necessary to determine whether Medicaid payment amounts were or are due. This requirement applies to the provider’s records and records for which the provider is the custodian. The provider must give authorized state and federal agencies and their authorized representatives access to all Medicaid patient records and to other information that cannot be separated from Medicaid-related records. The provider must send, at his or her expense, legible copies of all Medicaid- related information to the authorized state and federal agencies and their authorized representatives. Requirements for Medical Records: Medicaid records must state the necessity for and the extent of services provided. The following minimum requirements may vary according to the service rendered: History; Physical assessment; Chief complaint on each visit; Diagnostic tests and results; Diagnosis; Treatment plan, including prescriptions; Medications, supplies, scheduling frequency for follow-up or other services; Progress reports, treatment rendered; The author of each (medical record) entry must be identified and must authenticate his or her entry by signature, written initials, or computer entry; Dates of service; and Referrals to other services. Note: See the service-specific Coverage and Limitations Handbook for record keeping requirements that are specific to a particular service. Incomplete Records: Providers who are not in compliance with the Medicaid documentation and record retention policies described in this chapter may be subject to administrative sanctions and/or recoupment of Medicaid payments. Medicaid payments for services that lack required documentation and/or appropriate signatures will be recouped. Chapter 5 of the Reimbursement Handbook, titled "Medicaid Abuse and Fraud," defines "overpayment" and "incomplete or missing records" as follows: Overpayment. Overpayment includes any amount that is not authorized to be paid by the Medicaid Program whether paid as a result of inaccurate or improper cost reporting, improper claims, unacceptable practices, fraud, abuse, or mistake. * * * Incomplete or Missing Records. Incomplete records are records that lack documentation that all requirements or conditions for service provision have been met. Medicaid may recoup payment for services or goods when the provider has incomplete records or cannot locate the records. Chapter 3 of the C&L Handbook sets forth procedure codes to be used by physicians in claiming reimbursement for services provided to Medicaid recipients. The origin of the procedural and diagnosis codes is as follows, in relevant part: The procedure codes listed in this chapter are Health Care Financing Administration Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) Levels 1, 2, and 3. These are based on the Physician's Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) book. The CPT includes HCPCS descriptive terms and numeric identifying codes and modifiers for reporting services and procedures. . . . The CPT book is a systematic listing and coding of procedures and services provided by physicians. Each procedure or service is identified with a five digit code. For purposes of this proceeding, the relevant section of the CPT book is "Evaluation and Management-- Office or Other Outpatient Services," which sets forth the codes used to report evaluation and management services provided in the physician's office or in an outpatient or other ambulatory facility. The CPT book sets forth instructions for selecting the proper level of Evaluation and Management ("E/M") service, as follows in relevant part: Review the Level of E/M Service Descriptors and Examples in the Selected Category or Subcategory The descriptors for the levels of E/M services recognize seven components, six of which are used in defining the levels of E/M services. These components are: history; examination; medical decision making; counseling; coordination of care; nature of presenting problem; and time. The first three of these components (i.e., history, examination, and medical decision making) should be considered the key components in selecting the level of E/M services. An exception to this rule is in the case of visits which consist predominantly of counseling or coordination of care (See numbered paragraph 3, page 7).[1] Determine the Extent of History Obtained The extent of the history is dependent upon clinical judgment and on the nature of the presenting problem(s). The levels of E/M services recognize four types of history that are defined as follows: Problem focused: chief complaint; brief history of present illness or problem. Expanded problem focused: chief complaint; brief history of present illness; problem pertinent system review. Detailed: chief complaint; extended history of present illness; problem pertinent system review extended to include a review of a limited number of additional systems; pertinent past, family, and/or social history directly related to the patient's problems. Comprehensive: chief complaint; extended history of present illness; review of systems which is directly related to the problem(s) identified in the history of the present illness plus a review of all additional body systems; complete past, family and social history. The comprehensive history obtained as part of the preventive medicine evaluation and management service is not problem-oriented and does not involve a chief complaint or present illness. It does, however, include a comprehensive system review and comprehensive or interval past, family and social history as well as a comprehensive assessment/history of pertinent risk factors. Determine the Extent of Examination Performed The extent of the examination performed is dependent on clinical judgment and on the nature of the presenting problem(s). The levels of E/M services recognize four types of examination that are defined as follows: Problem focused: a limited examination of the affected body area or organ system. Expanded problem focused: a limited examination of the affected body area or organ system and other symptomatic or related organ system(s). Detailed: an extended examination of the affected body area(s) and other symptomatic or related organ system(s). Comprehensive: a general multi-system examination or a complete examination of a single organ system. Note: The comprehensive examination performed as part of the preventive medicine evaluation and management service is multi- system, but its extent is based on age and risk factors identified. For the purposes of these CPT definitions, the following body areas are recognized: Head, including the face Neck Chest, including breasts and axilla Abdomen Genitalia, groin, buttocks Back Each extremity For the purposes of these CPT definitions, the following organ systems are recognized: Eyes Ears, Nose, Mouth and Throat Cardiovascular Respiratory Gastrointestinal Genitourinary Musculoskeletal Skin Neurologic Psychiatric Hematologic/Lymphatic/Immunologic Determine the Complexity of Medical Decision Making Medical decision making refers to the complexity of establishing a diagnosis and/or selecting a management option as measured by: the number of possible diagnoses and/or the number of management options that must be considered; the amount and/or complexity of medical records, diagnostic tests, and/or other information that must be obtained, reviewed and analyzed; and the risk of significant complications, morbidity and/or mortality, as well as comorbidities, associated with the patient's presenting problem(s), the diagnostic procedure(s) and/or the possible management options. Four types of medical decision making are recognized: straightforward; low complexity; moderate complexity; and high complexity. To qualify for a given type of decision making, two of the three elements in Table 2 below must be met or exceeded. Comorbidities/underlying diseases, in and of themselves, are not considered in selecting a level of E/M services unless their presence significantly increases the complexity of the medical decision making. The referenced Table 2, titled "Complexity of Medical Decision Making," sets forth guidelines for the four types of decision-making (straightforward, low complexity, moderate complexity, and high complexity) in terms of the relative number and/or complexity of three elements: number of diagnoses or management options (minimal, limited, multiple, or extensive), amount and/or complexity of data to be reviewed (minimal or none, limited, moderate, or extensive), and risk of complications and/or morbidity or mortality (minimal, low, moderate, or high). The "Office or Other Outpatient Services" section of the CPT book provides the codes for those services in terms of the guidelines set forth above. Five codes of increasing complexity are provided for new patients, and five counterpart codes are provided for established patients: New Patient 99201 Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of a new patient, which requires these three key components: a problem focused history; a problem focused examination; and straightforward medical decision making. Counseling and/or coordination of care with other providers or agencies are provided consistent with the nature of the problem(s) and the patient's and/or family's needs. Usually, the presenting problems are self- limited or minor. Physicians typically spend 10 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. 99202 Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of a new patient which requires these three key components: an expanded problem focused history; an expanded problem focused examination; and straightforward medical decision making. Counseling and/or coordination of care with other providers or agencies are provided consistent with the nature of the problem(s) and the patient's and/or family's needs. Usually, the presenting problems are of low to moderate severity. Physicians typically spend 20 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. 99203 Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of a new patient which requires these three key components: a detailed history; a detailed examination; and medical decision making of low complexity. Counseling and/or coordination of care with other providers or agencies are provided consistent with the nature of the problem(s) and the patient's and/or family's needs. Usually, the presenting problems are of moderate severity. Physicians typically spend 30 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. 99204 Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of a new patient which requires these three key components: a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; and medical decision making of moderate complexity. Counseling and/or coordination of care with other providers or agencies are provided consistent with the nature of the problem(s) and the patient's and/or family's needs. Usually, the presenting problems are of moderate to high severity. Physicians typically spend 45 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. 99205 Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of a new patient which requires these three key components: a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; and medical decision making of high complexity. Counseling and/or coordination of care with other providers or agencies are provided consistent with the nature of the problem(s) and the patient's and/or family's needs. Usually, the presenting problems are of moderate to high severity. Physicians typically spend 60 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Established Patient 99211 Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient that may or may not require the presence of a physician. Usually, the presenting problem(s) are minimal. Typically, 5 minutes are spent performing or supervising these services. 99212 Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: a problem focused history; a problem focused examination; straightforward medical decision making. Counseling and/or coordination of care with other providers or agencies are provided consistent with the nature of the problem(s) and the patient's and/or family's needs. Usually, the presenting problem(s) are self- limited or minor. Physicians typically spend 10 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. 99213 Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: an expanded problem focused history; an expanded problem focused examination; medical decision making of low complexity. Counseling and/or coordination of care with other providers or agencies are provided consistent with the nature of the problem(s) and the patient's and/or family's needs. Usually, the presenting problem(s) are of low to moderate severity. Physicians typically spend 15 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. 99214 Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: a detailed history; a detailed examination; medical decision making of moderate complexity. Counseling and/or coordination of care with other providers or agencies are provided consistent with the nature of the problem(s) and the patient's and/or family's needs. Usually, the presenting problem(s) are of moderate to high severity. Physicians typically spend 25 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. 99215 Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; medical decision making of high complexity. Counseling and/or coordination of care with other providers or agencies are provided consistent with the nature of the problem(s) and the patient's and/or family's needs. Usually, the presenting problem(s) are of moderate to high severity. Physicians typically spend 40 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Medicaid reimburses physicians according to the level of complexity of the office visit. The more complex the visit (and hence the higher the CPT code number), the greater the level of reimbursement. The Audit During the audit period, Dr. Kabry submitted 3,109 Medicaid claims for services rendered to 760 patients, for which he received Medicaid payments of $195,708.93. Out of those 3,109 claims, 589 were billed at CPT code 99205 (the highest level for a new patient) and 2,332 were billed at CPT code 99215 (the highest level for an established patient). An additional 80 claims were billed at CPT code 99214, the second-highest level for an established patient. The audit was triggered by Dr. Kabry's unusually high percentage of claims billed at the highest levels of service in a family practice setting.2 In making a determination of overpayment, AHCA is not required to review each and every Medicaid claim submitted by a provider. Subsection 409.913(19), Florida Statutes (2002), permits the agency to employ "appropriate statistical methods," including "sampling and extension to the population," to make its determination. In this instance, AHCA randomly selected a "cluster sample" of 30 patients from the 760 Medicaid patients to whom Petitioner had provided services during the audit period and asked Petitioner to produce the medical records he had on file for these 30 patients. AHCA chose the cluster sample of 30 patients according to a statistical formula indicating a 95 percent probability that any overpayment amount would be at least the amount identified. By selecting the 95 percent confidence factor, AHCA attempted to ensure that any potential error in the audit would be resolved in favor of the audited physician. AHCA's statistical expert, Professor Fred Huffer, professor of statistics at Florida State University, validated the methodology used by AHCA. Professor Huffer reviewed AHCA's work and then conducted his own independent analysis that reproduced AHCA's results. Professor Huffer's testimony as to the reliability of AHCA's methodology is credited. Dr. Kabry had submitted a total of 135 claims for services rendered to the 30 patients in the cluster sample during the audit period. Dr. Kabry had been paid $8,396.46 for these 135 claims. Each of these claims was reviewed by AHCA to determine whether it was supported by information contained in the medical records produced by Petitioner in response to AHCA's request. AHCA retained the services of Dr. E. Rawson Griffin to review all the claims for the 30-patient cluster sample. Dr. Griffin is a physician who has been in active practice continuously for 25 years, is board-certified in family practice and geriatrics, and is licensed to practice medicine in Florida, Georgia, and Virginia. Dr. Griffin is qualified as an expert witness and physician peer reviewer consultant to review the claims in the audit for issues of medical necessity, appropriateness, quality of care, and coding issues as required by Section 409.9131, Florida Statutes (2002). Based upon the initial review by Dr. Griffin, AHCA issued the PAAR with a determination that Dr. Kabry had been overpaid $89,589.10 during the audit period. Dr. Kabry communicated with AHCA and sent additional records. Based upon the additional documentation sent and a second review by Dr. Griffin, the overpayment amount was reduced to $89,095.70. The FAAR issued by AHCA on October 25, 2004, stated as follows, in pertinent part: Based upon a review of all documentation submitted, we have determined that you were overpaid $89,095.70 for services that in whole or in part are not covered by Medicaid. Be advised that pursuant to Section 409.913(22)(a), F.S., the Agency is entitled to recover all investigative, legal, and expert witness costs. * * * The following is our assessment of why certain claims paid to your provider number do not meet Medicaid requirements. * * * Review Determination(s) Medicaid policy defines the varying levels of care and expertise required for the evaluation and management procedure codes for office and hospital visits. The documentation you provided supports a lower level of office or hospital visit than the one for which you billed and received payment. The difference between the amount you were paid and the correct payment for the appropriate level of service is considered an overpayment. The overpayment was calculated using a random sample of 30 recipients for whom you submitted 135 claims having dates of service from August 1, 2000 through August 1, 2002. The statistical calculation used the formula appropriate to this sample, which is the cluster sample calculation. Recipients are sampled and all the claims respecting a given recipient form a cluster. In his deposition, Dr. Griffin discussed his review of the records Dr. Kabry had provided regarding the 30 patients in the cluster sample. Dr. Griffin found that Dr. Kabry had almost exclusively billed the highest levels of CPT coding for outpatient services, i.e., 99205 for new patients and 99215 for established patients. Out of 135 claims, Dr. Kabry billed all 23 new patient visits at CPT code 99205, of which Dr. Griffin found only eight fully justified. Dr. Kabry billed 101 out of 108 existing patient visits at CPT code 99215, and the remaining seven at CPT code 99214. Dr. Griffin found that Dr. Kabry failed to document a level of service consistent with these codes. Dr. Griffin performed his own review of Dr. Kabry's medical records and noted his conclusions as to the level of CPT coding that could be supported by the record of each patient for each visit to Dr. Kabry's office. Dr. Griffin found that all 108 of the existing patient visits and 15 out of 23 new patient visits should have been billed at lower levels, based on the documentation provided by Dr. Kabry.3 Dr. Griffin's testimony is credited as to his review of Dr. Kabry's records. Margarete Johnson, AHCA's registered nursing consultant, performed the calculations by which Dr. Griffin's conclusions as to the proper coding were translated into dollar figures. These calculations were a simple function of addition and subtraction, using the relevant Medicaid reimbursement amounts for the various codes. Dr. Kabry had been reimbursed $8,396.46 for the claims related to the 30 patients in the cluster sample. Following Dr. Griffin's analysis, Ms. Johnson calculated that $4,080.09 of that amount constituted overpayments. Using the generally accepted, appropriate, and valid statistical formula described by Dr. Huffer, AHCA extended this result to the total population of 3,109 Medicaid claims that Dr. Kabry had submitted for services rendered during the audit period, and correctly calculated that Petitioner had been overpaid a total of $89,095.70. In his case-in-chief, Dr. Kabry offered two points. First, he contended that the amount of time he spent with each patient justified the higher codings. Both Dr. Kabry and his wife, who worked as an LPN and billing clerk for Dr. Kabry, credibly testified that their Medicaid patients were largely uneducated, spoke little or no English, and required lengthy counseling to make them understand the treatments for such endemic diseases as high blood pressure and diabetes. However, Dr. Kabry did not document in his medical records the amount of time spent with each patient, and thus may not employ time as a controlling factor in his Medicaid billings. See footnote 1, supra. Second, Dr. Kabry contended that AHCA came into his office on several occasions, reviewed selected files, and gave his office a clean bill of health as to its Medicaid practices. As evidence, Dr. Kabry submitted a letter dated December 13, 2000, from Fran Nieves, a Medicaid field office manager from Fort Myers. The letter thanked Dr. Kabry for his assistance and cooperation "with the Medipass chart reviews that were conducted on 12/12 . . . These efforts provide the program with the ability to confirm that services were provided in accordance with the Medipass program, assuring that Medipass members have the access and quality health care that has been guaranteed to them." In rebuttal, Margarete Johnson testified that Ms. Nieves, the Fort Myers field office manager, is not employed by MPI and does not have the authority of MPI employees to check for possible fraud and abuse and Medicaid overpayments. Ms. Johnson testified that Medipass has a separate mission from MPI. Among other duties, Medipass is responsible for training and furnishing information to providers, and for enrolling recipients in Medipass as a cost containing measure. Relevant provisions of the Reimbursement Handbook confirm that Medipass is a "primary, case-management program designed to assure Medicaid recipients access to medical care, decrease inappropriate service utilization, and control costs." Medipass is not charged with MPI's task of recovering provider overpayments and is certainly not authorized to approve a provider's CPT coding practices so as to immunize the provider from a subsequent audit by a peer reviewer, as suggested by Dr. Kabry. Dr. Kabry did not submit any written documentation or exhibits into evidence to rebut AHCA's final overpayment determination of $89,095.07. Dr. Kabry presented no expert testimony or evidence to rebut the expert testimony presented by Dr. Griffin and Dr. Huffer. On the strength of the evidence and testimony presented by AHCA, and in the absence of any evidence or testimony to the contrary, it is found that Petitioner received Medicaid overpayments in the amount of $89,095.07.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is hereby RECOMMENDED that AHCA enter a final order finding that Respondent received $89,095.07 in Medicaid overpayments for services rendered to his Medicaid patients from August 1, 2000, to August 1, 2002, and requiring him to repay this amount to the agency. DONE AND ENTERED this 5th day of March, 2007, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S LAWRENCE P. STEVENSON Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 5th day of March, 2007.
The Issue Whether Respondent is liable for overpayment of Medicaid claims, for the period of January 1, 2004, through January 1, 2006, as stated in Petitioner’s Final Audit Report (FAR), dated July 19, 2006, due to Respondent’s failure to properly document for services billed and collected, in violation of Section 409.913, Florida Statutes (2006),1 and, if so, in what amount.
Findings Of Fact Petitioner is the single state agency under federal law, charged with administration of the Medicaid Program in Florida, and is charged with recovering overpayments to providers. Petitioner’s Bureau of Medicaid Integrity (MPI) has the primary responsibility to audit medical service providers who participate in the Medicaid program. MPI is a Bureau under the AHCA Inspector General. MPI conducts audits to review provider’s compliance with applicable statutes, rules, and policies regarding billing Medicaid for services rendered. An MPI audit is separate and distinct from an annual or other licensure survey or inspection conducted by Petitioner. The MPI audit is a compliance audit not a licensure one. MPI is mandated to review for provider fraud and abuse to ensure that the recipients are receiving the service for which Medicaid is paying. Respondent is a Florida licensed Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner (ARNP) and provided medical services, including psychological counseling to Medicaid recipients, pursuant to a contract with Petitioner under her Provider number 302123800. Respondent participated in the Medicaid program at least from July 1, 2001, and continuously through December 31, 2005 (end of the Audit Period). Petitioner was paid for the services rendered. The audit period for Respondent was determined to be from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005. Claims for services were reviewed for a standard two-year audit period, and were audited for coding, records and visits. Thirty recipients were picked as a sample of recipients to examine during the two-year audit period. The selection was random and computer generated. Respondent was notified that Petitioner was conducting an audit. Respondent provided the charts on the 30 recipients to be examined and each of their claims during the audit period, which comprised all of her medical records. Gary Mosier is a Registered Nurse (RN), and holds a master’s degree in health care administration. Mosier is employed by the AHCA Inspector General, MPI, and is a nurse consultant and investigator. He was lead analyst and investigator in this matter. James Edgar, M.D., a psychiatrist with 35 years of experience, was retained by Petitioner as a peer review expert to review the charts and give a coding opinion. Billing codes are five-digit numbers. There are general guidelines for establishing the degree of difficulty which are set forth in documents such as Documentation Guidelines for Evaluation and Management Services, published by the American Medical Association. However, the correct coding can only be established through expert testimony, which is based upon established and identified criteria. With respect to each of the services reviewed, Petitioner relied upon the opinion of its expert, Dr. Edgar, as to whether or not Respondent billed Medicaid correctly. Dr. Edgar based his opinion on a review of documents regarding each service which were provided to him by Petitioner. In each instance where the Billing Code 90807, Individual Psychotherapy, Insight Orientation, appeared on Respondents charts for all 30 patients, Dr. Edgar down-coded the charts to Code 90862, medical management. He did not disallow payment, he adjusted each of them. His opinion was that, without the time spent with the patient being delineated on the medical chart, then the visit must be down-coded, or it could be denied completely. Dr. Edgar’s testimony was credible and persuasive. A Preliminary Audit Report (PAR) was sent to Respondent on September 12, 2006. The PAR informed Respondent of an alleged overpayment and explained her options prior to the completion of a FAR. It also put Respondent on notice of possible sanctions for lack of response to Petitioner. AHCA pays for mental health counseling when the face- to-face time spent with the recipient is documented. The medical records resulting from these services are required by law to be maintained for five years following the dates of service. These records must be made available when requested by Petitioner. Respondent was requested to produce office appointment sheets or calendars in order to document her face-to-face time with patients. Respondent sent non-contemporaneous time listings, rather than chart materials or office materials to verify and document time spent. There existed no charted or office records of the time spent with patients. Although Respondent testified that these time listings were implied because of the code that she submitted to Petitioner, this testimony is not persuasive in proving a material fact in dispute. The FAR was sent to Respondent on November 7, 2006, with the spreadsheet attachment. As with the PAR, it informed Respondent of the issues involved with the audit and the overpayment calculations and sought to levy a sanction, if one applied. There was no documentation in the charts of the time expended in the patient encounter, as required under the law. Although Petitioner agreed that the use of the Code 90807 implied that there was one hour of face-to-face contact with a patient, CPT policy requires both medication management and therapy, not just medication management. There was no time of service, time spent, and no start or stop times noted in the medical records. These notations are specifically required under Medicaid policy. A record must reflect the time spent face-to-face with a patient. The final overpayment calculation and final audit reports document that the overpayment to be recouped, and which Petitioner seeks, is $12,500.70, with an added sanction of $1,500.00. The preponderance of evidence has shown that Respondent was overpaid in the amount of $12,500.70, and that Petitioner is authorized to impose a penalty of $1,500.00.
Recommendation Based upon the above Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Agency for Health Care Administration enter a final order instructing Respondent to repay the sum of $12,500.70, and imposing a fine if appropriate. DONE AND ENTERED this 2nd day of March, 2010, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S DANIEL M. KILBRIDE Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 2nd day of March, 2010.
Findings Of Fact Both Petitioners are recipients of Medicaid benefits who have medical problems requiring medical care for which reimbursement will be sought under the Medicaid program. Neither has been identified for recipient case management, but both are frequent users and thus are potentially eligible for supervision under the proposed rule. Petitioner Annie Elizabeth Kearse is a 67 year old woman who suffers with heart, diabetes, and thyroid problems. She takes between seven and ten different prescribed drugs plus a prescription for insulin syringes, and had not, at the time of the hearing, filled an additional prescription because she lacked the money to pay for it and her alternative source for prescription drugs (University Hospital) could not provide it. During a recent six week period she used physician office services on eight occasions, and was treated on these occasions by more than one physician. She has used the hospital outpatient department on a weekend for services which are "medically necessary" but would not qualify as "emergency" under the definition in the proposed rule. Petitioner Christina Youngblood is a 39 year old woman, confined to a wheelchair, who suffers from the present effects of polio as a child, has had 16 operations, has diabetes, and suffers with serious kidney problems. She takes at least nine different prescribed drugs, requiring at least ten prescriptions, and has at least three different physicians. She needs special transportation to obtain medical services, and has experienced difficulty in the past obtaining such transportation. In 1970, the State of Florida began its participation in Medicaid, a joint federal and state program to provide medical services to the indigent. The Medicaid program is voluntary for the State, the providers who agree to participate, and those recipients who receive benefits. Once a state agrees to participate in the program, it must provide specified services and abide by certain regulations. As a part of the federal requirements, the state is required to maintain the Office of Program Integrity to assure that the funds are expended on behalf of recipients for appropriate services in a proper manner, to detect fraud and abuse, and to educate providers and recipients through those efforts. Program Integrity looks at the quality and quantity of services and the appropriateness of those services. Determinations are made on the basis of medical necessity. As a part of this review, the federal government requires Program Integrity to study recipient utilization patterns, identify those outside the norm, and assist those recipients who need help. Although the Florida Medicaid Program has long had a surveillance and utilization review subsection (SURS) to monitor the utilization patterns, it lacked the funds and positions to assist recipients. Only in certain areas such as early periodic screening and diagnostic treatment for children was case management put into effect. Overall recipient case management was carried out on a limited basis by referring recipients to district offices for unspecified assistance. Even though its ability to assist recipients was restricted by funding limitations, the Medicaid Program had considered the possibility of recipient case management for some time. In 1981, the federal government, in an attempt to control escalating costs of public assistance, implemented the Omnibus Reconciliation Act which allowed increased state flexibility and authorized the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to waive certain requirements to allow the states to implement innovative approaches to control utilization. In accordance with this authorization, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) of HHS sponsored a request to the states for proposals. The Florida Medicaid Program responded with the Alternative Health Plan. In that plan, "Module B" was presented which set forth recipient case management. HHS accepted Florida's Alternative Health Plan and established a grant to fund recipient case management. That grant paid for one of three proposed demonstration sites and personnel located at the headquarters office. The other sites are to be funded with marching state and federal funds. In order to receive the required waivers for implementation, the Medicaid Program submitted a detailed Protocol to HCFA which in essence is a performance contract. In accepting the Protocol, HCFA granted the requested waivers of statewideness, freedom of choice, and confidentiality. Respondent thereafter proposed the challenged rule to meet state requirements and set forth the guidelines for recipient case management. In developing this rule, discussions were held with various affected groups, including the Medicaid Advisory Council which contains recipients and the Florida Medical Association. Although questions were raised by community mental health providers, those questions were answered with apparent satisfaction and no one requested a public hearing. At present, the three demonstration sites proposed are Hillsborough, Duval, and Orange counties. Although these demonstration sites will be managed differently, each will have registered nurses as case managers and each will have physician consultants. One-hundred recipients will be selected for each site with a one-hundred recipient comparison group being referred throughout the state to districts without demonstration sites, In choosing the recipients to be selected for recipient case management, SURS statistical data is being used to look for recipients whose utilization is above the norm in certain categories of benefits. The parameters set forth in the rule for this first stage of selection are sufficiently high to except out only those recipients in the ninety-ninth percentile of each group. For example, the average recipient has less than one physician office visit per quarter, but the computer will except out only recipients who have nine or more office visits per quarter. To further assist in the process of narrowing the possible candidates for recipient case management, the computer ranks and weighs the exceptors and prints out summary profiles. Recipients may also be initially identified by other referrals. Working from the computer list which has narrowed the candidates down to a manageable number, recipient analysts will look for a pattern of questionable utilization in the summary profiles which may indicate a lack of medical necessity. Costs screened by the recipient analysts will be reviewed by a registered nurse consultant and a physician consultant for medical necessity. Recipients picked by this process are enrolled in the program and referred to local case managers who review the data and discuss the matter with the recipient. If at this stage the recipient's utilization is justified, the recipient is dis-enrolled from the program. If inappropriate utilization is verified, the recipient remains in level one of recipient case management. Level one consists of education and counselling to assist the recipient in obtaining only medically necessary services. Should the recipient fail to respond to such education and counselling, he or she is then moved to level two for more intensive counselling and may be required to pick up the Medicaid card at the case manager's office in order to assure the recipient's presence for such counselling. Should counselling fail to alter the recipient's pattern of misutilization, the recipient is moved to level three which is referred to as "prior authorization". At this level, while the recipient still retains a freedom of choice of providers, he or she must contact the case manager prior to obtaining medical services in order to receive Medicaid reimbursement. The recipient continues to make his own health care decisions, but the case manager attempts to guide him in making appropriate decisions. To obtain payment authorization for the services, the provider must. also contact the case manager. Emergency services require no prior authorization. If care is sought when the case manager cannot be reached, the provider may contact the case manager later to obtain payment authorization. Should prior authorization fail to correct the recipient's misutilization, the recipient is moved to level four of recipient case management in which he or she is "locked in" to a primary care provider. The primary care provider will either provide the necessary care or refer the recipient to other providers. The recipient must go through the primary care provider for services in order to receive Medicaid reimbursement. The primary care provider concept is medically recognized but there is no strict limitation on who may act as a primary care provider. Under the rule, all primary care providers will be physicians, have physicians on staff, or act under the direction of a physician. Change of status from one level to the other and enrollment or dis- enrollment from the program are based upon recommendations of the case manager with the final decision resting with the program office. Decisions are based upon a pattern of utilization of medically necessary services. At the initial enrollment into the case management program and at all changes from level to level, the recipient is informed of his or her hearing rights in accordance with the Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services' procedures. Currently, thirty-nine states have recipient case management of one type or another. Thirty-seven have lock-in which is the easiest to administer. Only two or three states rely on prior authorization which is difficult to administer. Florida's proposed system is unique since it applies all facets of case management. Prior authorization is not new to Florida's Medicaid Program since at one time all Medicaid reimbursement in Florida had to be authorized in advance. Currently, elective surgery, excess drug grants and new procedures must be authorized in advance. Limited prior authorization exists in every state Medicaid Program. Medicaid is a self-referral system with no limitation on the number of different providers a recipient may see. This can cause problems where a recipient does not make appropriate judgments regarding his or her medical care. If a person is seeing more than one physician, for example, and has informed neither physician of that fact, duplication of drugs or the prescription of contraindicated drugs may result. The misutilization of emergency rooms for non-emergency care is another example of a potential problem in a self-referral system. Recipient case management is basically a limitation on the payment for medical services once a recipient reaches levels three and four. Such limitations occur throughout Medicaid and are authorized by federal regulations. For instance, Medicaid will only reimburse for one physician visit per day. If the recipient wishes to make other physician visits in a single day, the recipient is responsible for payment. Under recipient case management a recipient may receive all of the medical care he or she wants. Medicaid, however, will not be responsible for payment of those services that are not medically necessary. Although recipient case management is intended to assist both over and under utilizers of medical services, there is no specific proposal to detect underutilization. Overutilizers are to be addressed by the program first, with development of methods to detect and assist underutilizers to follow. Respondent's economic impact statement is deficient in the area of program costs as well as program savings. With respect to the latter, Respondent cites a savings in Minnesota "in excess of $5,000 per year for enrolled recipients." (Petitioner's Exhibit 6). This figure is erroneous in that the claimed savings in Minnesota were for a two year period and were thus only 50 per cent of the amount cited by Respondent. Respondent's use of "the most conservative Texas estimate of $1,200 . . . " is likewise erroneous. The figure claimed by Texas was $1,065, which Respondent arbitrarily increased to $1,200 because of the additional Florida components. Further, Respondent's reliance on claimed savings in other states was not based on any detailed analysis of such data. The projected savings to the State of $159,192 is misleading and not an acceptable representation of anticipated benefits. Respondent's estimated cost to the State is $74,935 (25 per cent of the total $302,000 cost), while the savings is estimated to be $159,192 (44 per cent of the total $350,000 savings). Thus, these figures indicate that the State is "saving" substantially more than net program savings which are only estimated to be $58,000. This anomaly apparently results from the federal grant which would apply to the initial phase of this program. Respondent included the estimated salaries for only those personnel who will be primarily employed in this project. No additional costs were recognized for the support to be provided by others, such as secretaries and supervisors, who are now in place. The additional costs for analysts and medical consultants at the headquarters office were omitted. Respondent stated only those costs involved in setting up the demonstration program (Orange, Duval and Hillsborough counties) However, the program may become statewide and Respondent has already requested legislative authority to expand the program to Dade and Broward counties. The additional cost to medical providers was not addressed in the Economic Impact Statement. Such costs would include the additional time required to obtain prior authorization for services and the documenting of emergency care. In some instances this added cost may discourage providers from further participation in the Medicaid Program. However, this is unlikely given the small percentage of Medicaid patients who would be so involved. Costs to recipients in time and transportation to attend counselling and education sessions were not reflected in the Economic Impact Statement. However, Respondent did consider such costs and correctly determined they would not be significant.
The Issue The issue for determination is whether Petitioner received Medicaid overpayments and, if so, the total amount of the overpayments. Petitioner agreed at the onset of the hearing not to contest the findings of the Agency that Petitioner received Medicaid monies to which he was not entitled. Therefore, the issue remaining for determination is: Whether Respondent calculated the overpayment amount of $52,850.82 using a valid statistical formula and a valid sample of recipients and claims during the audit period of March 1, 2000, through March 1, 2002.
Findings Of Fact Based upon observation of the witnesses while testifying, the documentary materials received in evidence, official recognition granted, evidentiary rulings made, and the entire record compiled herein, the following relevant and material facts are established. The Agency is charged with administration of the Medicaid program in Florida pursuant to Sections 409.907 and 409.913, Florida Statutes (2003). Among its administrative duties, the Agency operates a program to oversee the activities of Florida Medicaid providers to ensure that fraudulent and abusive behavior and neglect occur to the minimum extent possible and to recover overpayments and impose sanctions as appropriate. "Overpayment" is statutorily defined to mean "any amount that is not authorized to be paid by the Medicaid Program, whether paid as a result of inaccurate or improper cost reporting, improper claiming, unacceptable practices, fraud, abuse or mistake." § 409.913(1)(d), Fla. Stat. (2000). The FAAR, covering the audit period of March 1, 2000, through March 1, 2002, together with the Agency's work papers, set out a Medicaid overpayment amount of $52,850.82 that the Agency seeks to recoup from Petitioner. Petitioner is a physician enrolled in the Medicaid program under provider number 0580091-00, who operated under his provider number during the audit period of March 1, 2000, through March 1, 2002, under the auspices of a standard Medicaid provider agreement. As a part of the Medicaid provider agreement, the provider agrees to comply with all local, state and federal laws, rules, regulations, licensure laws, Medicaid bulletins, and statements of policy. Petitioner participated in the Medicaid program during the FAAR period of March 1, 2000, through March 1, 2002, and received payment for the services that the Agency now questions and are the subject of the audit. During the above audit period, the applicable statutes, rules, and Medicaid handbooks required Petitioner to retain all medical, fiscal, professional, and business records on all services provided to a Medicaid recipient. Petitioner had to retain these records for at least five years from the date of services. The Florida Medicaid program prepares and furnishes handbooks to all enrolled Medicaid providers, including Petitioner. These handbooks set forth the Medicaid policies with regard to services rendered and billed by providers. Petitioner had a duty to make sure that each claim submitted was true and accurate and was for goods and services that were provided, by an enrolled Medicaid provider, in accordance with the requirements of Medicaid rules, handbooks, and policies, and in accordance with federal and state law. Medicaid providers who do not comply with the Medicaid documentation and record retention policies hereinabove may be subject to administrative sanctions and/or recoupment of Medicaid payments. Medicaid payments for services that lack required documentation and/or appropriate signatures will be recouped. Mr. Hector Tapining (Mr. Tapining) and Phyllis Stiver (Nurse Stiver), registered nurse consultant for Medicaid Program Integrity, conducted an on-site visit to Petitioner's office and requested records. From the files of Petitioner, Mr. Tapining generated a random list of 30 Medicaid recipients (the cluster sample) who had received services by Petitioner during the two- year audit period of March 1, 2000, through March 1, 2002. The Agency thereafter generated worksheets reflecting: (1) the total number of Medicaid recipients during the audit period; (2) total number of claims made by Petitioner, with dates of medical services provided; (3) the total amount of money paid Petitioner during the audit period; and (4) the analyst's worksheets representing his review of each recipient's claim(s) for the audit period. Additional Agency-generated worksheets reflected: (1) the total number of Medicaid recipients during the audit period; (2) the total number of claims of Petitioner, with dates of service; (3) the total amount of money paid to Petitioner during the audit period; and (4) the analyst's worksheets representing his review of each recipient's claim(s) for the audit period. Mr. Tapining provided the worksheets to Nurse Stiver for her review of compliance with Medicaid enrollment and documentation. Mr. Tapining provided the worksheets to E. Rawson Griffin, III, M.D. (Dr. Griffin), the medical records consultant, for his review and evaluation of appropriate billing codes. The formula used by the Agency is a valid statistical formula, the random sample used by the Agency was statistically significant, the cluster sample was random, and the algebraic formula and the statistical formula used by the Agency are valid formulas. Dr. Griffin, after review of 30 patient records, concluded that Petitioner engaged in a general pattern of over coding at the highest level of code (99205) for services rendered that appeared to be rather straight-forward and simple for the medical services rendered at the time of each visit. Over coding is the term employed when supporting documentation for medical billing does not support the billing code chosen and assigned by the provider. In his review, Dr. Griffin saw no middle codes (99213s and/or 99214s) billed by Petitioner. Dr. Griffin opined that it was extraordinary that Petitioner would see and service 30 patients on their first visits, who at that time presented a complaint necessitating a medical necessity level code 99205, the highest level of Medicaid service. Continuing, Dr. Griffin explained that over coding is entering in the patient's billing statement a code higher than the patient's medical complaint and the Patient's recorded medical necessity warranted for the visit or visits (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) on the date those services were provided by Petitioner. In Dr. Griffin's opinion, Medicaid billing codes are to be determined by consideration of the following medical factors: (1) the patient's particular medical complaint and the degree of complexity of that complaint at the time of the initial visit, (2) the type of and the complexity of medical examinations and the tests necessarily required to be administered based upon the type and complexity of the initial complaint, and (3) the resulting interpretations of the tests and the examinations administered for treatment of the complaint. It is only after completion of the above analysis and documentation in the patient's medical records, would a code 22915 billing be appropriate. Dr. Griffin's analysis of the cluster sample of 30 Medicaid records of patients serviced by Petitioner resulted in his down coding Petitioner’s billing as shown below.2 I.D. Number Service Date Code Billed Adjustment B.K. 1 03-29-2000 215 (5) 214 B.K. 1 07-19-2000 214 213 1 08-17-2000 214 213 1 12-11-2000 215 214 1 02-22-2001 215 214 1 05-23-2001 214 213 1 06-24-2001 214 212 J.A.C. 4 No date 215 214 J.R. 5 10-02-2000 215 213 B.F. 6 07-25-2000 215 213 F.H. 8 04-10-2000 215 213 F.H. 8 05-04-2000 214 213 (2 visits) D.C. 9 01-23-2000 215 213 T.M. 10 06-07-2000 215 213 T.M. 10 06-28-2000 214 213 D.W. 13 01-12-2000 215 213 P.L. 14 01-10-2000 214 213 I.H. 15 12-18-2000 215 213 M.V. 17 04-10-2000 215 213 R.R. 21 04-17-2001 214 213 S.K. 25 11-20-2000 212 211 A.H. 26 12-19-2000 215 212 T.P. 27 02-20-2000 215 213 M.R. 28 11-14-2002 215 214 E.C. 29 04-28-2000 214 213 E.C. 07-03-2000 214 213 12-28-2000 214 212 01-02-2000 214 212 01-23-2000 214 212 02-06-2000 214 212 04-03-2000 214 212 (6 visits) R.S. 30 04-16-2001 215 213 Nurse Stiver reviewed the cluster sample of 30 Medicaid records of patients serviced by Petitioner for compliance with Medicaid policy(s) to ensure that services billed are the services for which Medicaid pays and are services that meet all aspects of the Medicaid policy(s) as specified in the Medicaid Handbook. Medicaid policy, regarding provider enrollment, requires (all) providers who services Medicaid patients to be (individually) enrolled in the Medicaid program as providers before providing service and billing Medicaid for those services. The Agency verifies the education, credentials, and criminal background of each enrollee to ensure the safety of Medicaid recipients. The individual provider enrollment is required as a condition precedent for providers to bill Medicaid for services and to be paid by Medicaid for those services. The enrollment requirement includes PAs and ARNPs. Nurse Stiver's review of Petitioner's documents sought to ascertain whether each provider who actually rendered services had executed a voluntary enrollment contract agreement between the Agency and that provider. In these contract agreements, the provider agrees to comply with all laws and rules pertaining to the Medicaid program when furnishing a service or goods to a Medicaid recipient, and the Agency agrees to pay a sum, determined by a fee schedule, payment methodology, or other manner, for the service or goods provided to the Medicaid recipient. The Medicaid Handbook requires separate and/or individual enrollment of each and every entity that provides Medicaid service(s) to Medicaid recipients. The mandatory enrollment includes a provider(s) who makes written entries on and/or signs Medicaid documents. Should the medical service provider and the provider documenting the Medicaid recipient's medical files and the provider billing Medicaid for services rendered be different providers, each provider must be individually enrolled in the Medicaid program. Within a chain of provider entities, the failure of one provider entity to be enrolled entitles the Agency to full recoupment of all Medicaid payments made to the enrolled Provider. Nurse Stiver applied the above analysis to the cluster sample of 30 Medicaid recipients' records recovered from Petitioner's files and to the Agency's worksheets. Nurse Stiver's review and her investigation revealed specific instances in which the paid billing claims evidenced that Petitioner's non-enrolled PAs and/or Petitioner's non-enrolled ARNP either provided the medical services or documented the medical services provided to the Medicaid recipients as shown below: Patient Service Date(s) Services and/or documentation 1. B.K. Serviced 9 times Signature-not enrolled 2. E.J. 08-14-01 Records written and signed by PA not enrolled and (not countersigned by Petitioner) 3. E.T. Serviced 4 times Services provided not entitled to Medicaid payment (unauthorized) J.A. (stipulation) Stipulation3 B.F. 11 visits-serviced Provider not enrolled M.R. 7 visits-serviced Provider not enrolled F.H. 11 visits-serviced Provider not enrolled through 12. Stipulations 13. D.W. 2 visits-serviced Provider not enrolled 14. through 17. Stipulations 18. L.A. 5 visits-serviced Provider not enrolled 19. and 20. Stipulations 21. R.R. 3 visits-serviced Provider not enrolled 22. and 23. Stipulations 24. L.S. 1 visit-serviced Provider not enrolled 25. S.K. 3 visits-serviced Provider not enrolled 26. through 28. Stipulations 29. E.C. 12 visits-serviced Provider not enrolled 30. Stipulation After the review and examination of the claims submitted within the cluster sample, Nurse Stiver concluded the above services billed to the Agency were not performed by Petitioner. She opined that either or both of Petitioner's employees, Justo Lugo and Phillip Nguyen (PAs) and/or Andrea McDonald (ARNP) provided or assisted in providing services. As non-enrolled providers in the Medicaid program, the PAs and the ARNP’s participation in providing services to Medicaid recipients and/or participation in assisting Petitioner in providing medical services and/or participation in Petitioner's billing Medicaid for medical services to Medicaid recipients violated Medicaid policy. Respondent established that the Medicaid program payments for services provided by an individual not enrolled as a provider in the Medicaid program are overpayments of which the Agency is entitled to full recoupment. After the reviews and the analysis by Nurse Stiver and Dr. Griffin, using the Agency's formula for calculating the extrapolated overpayments, the Agency determined overpayment in the amount of $64,453.74 to have occurred. Based upon these findings, the Agency issued a Preliminary Agency Audit Report (PAAR) letter setting out the overpayment amount of $64,453.74 and inviting Petitioner to submit additional documentation. Petitioner's additional documentation submittals were reviewed by the Agency. The post-PAAR review resulted in a reduction of overpayment to $52,850.82 as the total overpayment for all claims considered, and sought to be recovered from Petitioner by the Agency. The Agency's worksheets resulting in the $52,850.82 overpayment included: (1) the medical record review summary; (2) a spreadsheet setting out the names of the recipients, the dates of service, the procedure billed, the amount paid by the Agency, the amount allowed by the Agency, and the resulting overpayment; (3) the overpayment calculation using cluster sampling; (4) the patient worksheets, or claims; and (5) the procedure code summary of the claims in the universe, as defined in Section 409.913, Florida Statutes (2000). The formula used by the Agency is a valid statistical formula, the random sample used by the Agency was statistically significant, the cluster sample was random, and the algebraic formula and the statistical formula used by the Agency are valid formulas. The Agency's data and calculations were reviewed by Ian McKeague, Ph.D. (Dr. McKeague). He reproduced the calculations and concluded that $52,850.82 is the correct overpayment amount made by Medicaid to Petitioner. Petitioner produced neither written authority nor expert testimony contesting the validity of the statistical formula and Dr. McKeague's resulting calculation of overpayment. Nurse Stiver, with over 14 years employment with the Agency, worked with the Medicaid policies and handbooks. She worked with Mr. Tapining on the audit of Petitioner documents. Specifically, she reviewed Petitioner's records for compliance with Medicaid policy, to ensure that the services billed are the services Medicaid paid for and that those services met all aspects of Medicaid policy. Nurse Stiver's investigation and review revealed specific instances in which the paid claims show that the PAs and/or the ARNP, not Petitioner himself, provided the services to Medicaid patients. In each case where the Agency determined Petitioner was not entitled to payment, Nurse Stiver reviewed the medical records and determined that the ARNP or one of the PAs, who were not enrolled in the Medicaid program, actually rendered services to Medicaid recipients. Her determination was based upon her many years of nursing experience that the person rendering the services is the person who documents the services rendered. From her review, it appeared that the ARNP or a PA (not enrolled), not Petitioner, documented the service billed to and paid by Medicaid. Services rendered by an ARNP or a PA who is not enrolled as a provider in the Medicaid program cannot be compensated by the Medicaid program. Petitioner argued that he provided all Medicaid services billed to Medicaid and, on those rare occasions reviewed by Nurse Stiver, his employees (either the ARNP or the PAs), who by happenstance would be present in the treatment room, aided him by merely documenting services he himself rendered to the Medicaid patients. Petitioner presented an alternative argument that on other of those rare occasions reviewed by Nurse Stiver, his employees would be in the room when Petitioner actually provided services to Medicaid patients, and, while he was providing those services, he would simultaneously dictate to his employee who would transcribe his dictations on the Medicaid forms. Petitioner elected not to compel attendance by subpoena of his employees, even though the final hearing was continued to provide Petitioner an opportunity to do so. Petitioner's argument, that the proposed testimony by his employees would have been sufficient to challenge the Agency determination that Petitioner's billing was for services performed by a provider who was not enrolled in the Medicaid program, is without a foundation in fact and rejected. The Medicaid Provider Reimbursement Handbook provides, in part, that "Records must be retained for a period of at least five years from the date of service." The handbook goes on to provide in pertinent part: PAs must meet the general Medicaid provider enrollment that are contained in Chapter 2 of the Medicaid Provider Reimbursement Handbook, HFCA-1500 and Child Health Check- Up 221. In addition, PAs must follow the specific enrollment requirements that are listed in this section. * * * PAs must meet the provider requirements and qualification and their practice must be fully operational before they can be enrolled as Medicaid providers. * * * If a PA is employed by or contracts with a physician who can enroll as a Medicaid provider, the physician must enroll as a group provider and the PA must enroll as a treating provider within the group. * * * Services provided by a PA under the direct supervision of a physician may be billed using the physician's provider number instead of the PA's provider number. Direct physician supervision means the physician: (*) Is on the premises when the services are rendered, and (**) reviews, signs, and dates the medical record. * * * Medical records must state the necessity for and the extent of services provided. The following minimum requirements may vary according to the services rendered: * * * Note: See the service-specific Coverage and Limitations Handbook for record keeping requirements that are specific to a particular service. Providers who are not in compliance with the Medicaid documentation and record retention policies described in this chapter may be subject to administrative sanctions and recoupment of Medicaid Payments. Medicaid payments for services that lack required documentation or appropriate signatures will be recouped. Note: See Chapter 5 in this handbook for information on administrative sanctions and Medicaid payment recoupment. Petitioner, by signing a Medicaid provider agreement, agreed that all submissions for payment of claims for services will constitute a certification that the services were provided in accordance with local, state, and federal laws, as well as rules and regulations applicable to the Medicaid program, including the Medical Provider Handbooks issued by the Agency.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that Respondent, Agency for Health Care Administration, enter a final order requiring Petitioner, Mazhar G. Nawaz, M.D., to repay Respondent the principal amount of $52,850.82 plus interest as provided in Section 409.913, Florida Statutes (2002). DONE AND ENTERED this 19th day of February, 2004, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S FRED L. BUCKINE Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 19th day of February, 2004.
Conclusions THE PARTIES resolved all disputed issues and executed a Settlement Agreement. The parties are directed to comply with the terms of the attached settlement agreement, attached as Exhibit “1.” Based on the foregoing, this file is CLOSED. DONE and ORDERED on this the /S Hay of Kfar . 2014, in Tallahassee, Florida. XN eth A fe. Agency for Health Care Administration Filed April 16, 2014 10:25 AM Division of Administrative Hearings A PARTY WHO IS ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY THIS FINAL ORDER IS ENTITLED TO A JUDICIAL REVIEW WHICH SHALL BE INSTITUTED BY FILING ONE COPY OF A NOTICE OF APPEAL WITH THE AGENCY CLERK OF AHCA, AND A SECOND COPY ALONG WITH FILING FEE AS PRESCRIBED BY LAW, WITH THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL IN THE APPELLATE DISTRICT WHERE THE AGENCY MAINTAINS ITS HEADQUARTERS OR WHERE A PARTY RESIDES. REVIEW PROCEDINGS SHALL BE CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FLORIDA APPELLATE RULES. THE NOTICE OF APPEAL MUST BE FILED WITHING 30 DAYS OF RENDITION OF THE ORDER TO BE REVIEWED. Copies furnished to: Horace Dozier Field Office Manager 2727 Mahan Drive, MS 6 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 (Via Interoffice Mail) Julie Gallagher, Esquire Akerman Senterfitt 106 East College Avenue Suite 1200 Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (Via US Mail) Shena Grantham, Esquire Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive, MS 3 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 (Via Interoffice Mail) Eric Miller, Inspector General Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive Building 2, MS 4 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 (Via Interoffice Mail) Katherine B. Heyward, Esquire Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive, MS 3 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 (Via Interoffice Mail) Agency for Health Care Administration Bureau of Finance and Accounting 2727 Mahan Drive Building 2, MS 14 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 (Via Interoffice Mail) Rick Zenuch, Chief Medicaid Program Integrity 2727 Mahan Drive Building 2, MS 6 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 (Via Interoffice Mail) Bureau of Health Quality Assurance 2727 Mahan Drive, MS 9 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 (Via Interoffice Mail) Division of Administrative Hearings The Desoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (Via US Mail) Shawn McCauley, Medicaid Contract Manager Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive, MS 22 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 (Via Interoffice Mail) iS) CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I HEREBY CERTIFY that a true and correct copy of the foregoing has been furnished to Richard Shoop, Esqu ire Agency Clerk State of Florida Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive, Building #3 Tallahassee, Florida 32308-5403 STATE OF FLORIDA AGENCY FOR HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATION STATE OF FLORIDA, AGENCY FOR HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATION, Petitioner, Case No.: 12-193PH A Provider No.: 049207800 Cl. No.: 12-1060-000 DAVID M. KENTON, Respondent. / SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT. The STATE OF FLORIDA, AGENCY FOR HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATION (hereinafter “AHCA” or “the Agency”), and DAVID M. KENTON (hereinafter “Dr. Kenton”), by and through the undersigned, hereby stipulate and agree as follows: RECITALS A. These Recitals are true and correct to the best knowledge of the parties. B, AHCA is the single state agency responsible for Medicaid in the state of Florida. c. A Medicaid provider must enter into an agreement with AHCA in order to receive payments for services rendered under the Medicaid program. D. DAVID M, KENTON is a Medicaid provider in the State of Florida, provider number 049207800, E, On August 20, 2010, Dr. Kenton entered a plea of guilty to one count of conspiracy in violation of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 371; and on November 10, 2010, Dr. Kenton was found guilty of the charge in the United States District Court, Southern District of Florida, Case No. 09-60344-CR-MARRA, (26803191;1}Page 1 of 6 ea {2680319151} On November 30, 2011, AHCA sent Dr. Kenton a letter notifying him of AHCA’s intent to terminate for cause, pursuant to Florida Statute 409.913(13) and Rule 59G-9,070 Florida Administrative Code, his participation in the Medicaid program as a result of his conviction in the federal court action described above. On June 13, 2012, the State of Florida Board of Medicine (hereinafter “the Board”) entered a Final Order in DOH Case No, 2010-22219, Department of Health v. David Mitchell Kenton, M.D. pursuant to a Settlement Agreement. The Settlement Agreement provides, inter alia, that Dr. Kenton would be permitted to continue to practice medicine under certain terms and conditions; the Board allowed Dr. Kenton to renew his Florida medical license; and the Board recognized that Dr, Kenton was placed on the List of Excluded Individuals and Entities (LEIE) maintained by the Office of Inspector General with the Federal Department of Health and Human Services before that law, which would disqualify him from license renewal, became effective. On June 21, 2012, Dr. Kenton filed a request for hearing in this matter. The Parties have agreed to settle the matter addressed in the recitals, By execution of this Settlement Agreement, the parties affirm, warrant and represent that they have full and complete authority to enter into this Settlement Agreement and settle the matters addressed herein. AGREEMENT In consideration of the mutual promises and agreements set forth herein, the Parties agree as follows 1. {26803191,1} The parties agree that Dr. Kenton shall be immediately terminated from the Florida Medicaid program and that the termination shall be for “no cause.” Dr, Kenton agrees that the thirty (30) day notice period from the date of the November 30, 2011 termination letter has run. Dr, Kenton agrees that he will never again apply to the Florida Medicaid program regardless of his status with the Office of the Inspector General with the Federal Department of Health and Human Services. Dr. Kenton agrees that, regardless of his status with the Office of the Inspector Genera! with the Federal Department of Health and Human Services, AHCA has full discretion to deny any application Dr. Kenton submits to the Florida Medicaid program regardless of the reason for such denial. Dr. Kenton agrees to reimburse AHCA five thousand ($5,000.00) dollars for costs incurred in this matter. Dr, Kenton agrees to pay the costs within sixty (60) days of the date of the Final Order herein, This Agreement is expressly contingent upon the condition that neither Dr. Kenton nor anyone in his immediate family (to include any spouse, child, or parent of Dr. Kenton) shall own a health care facility within the State of Florida. Payment shall be made to: AGENCY FOR IIEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATION Medicaid Accounts Receivable 2727 Mahan Drive, M.S. #14 Tallahassee, Florida 32308-5403 9. Failure to pay the costs within the said sixty (60) days shall result in this Settlement Agreement being nul! and void and the case shall return to is pre- settlement status, 9. AHCA reserves the right to enforce this Agreement under the laws of the State of Florida, the rules of the Medicaid Program, and all other applicable rules and regulations. 10. Other than the cost reimbursement provided for herein, each party shal! bear its own attorney's fees and costs. IL. This settlement docs not constitute an admission of wrongdoing or error by either party with respect to this case or any other matter, The costs reimbursed by Dr. Kenton are not a sanction or penalty. 12, The signatories to this Agreement, acting in a representative capacity, represent that they are duly authorized to enter into this Agreement on behalf of the respective parties. 13. This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the provisions of the laws of Florida. Venue for any action arising from this Agreement shall be the Circuit Court located in Leon County, Florida. 14, This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between Dr. Kenton and AHCA, including anyone acting for, associated with or employed by them, concerning all matters, and this Agreement supersedes any prior discussions, agreements of understandings; there are no promises, representations or agreements between Dr. Kenton {2680319151} and AHCA other than as set forth herein. No modification or waiver of any provision shall be valid unless a written amendment to the Agreement is completed and properly executed by the parties, 15. This is an Agreement of Settlement and Compromise, made in recognition that the parties may have different or incorrect understandings, information, and contentions as to facts and law, and with each party compromising and settling any potential correctness or incorrectness of its understandings, information and contentions as to facts and law, so that no misunderstanding or misinformation shall be a ground for rescission hereof. 16. Dr. Kenton expressly waives in this matter his right to any hearing pursuant to Sections 120.569 or 120.57, Florida Statutes, any making of findings of fact and conclusions of law by the Agency, and all further and other proceedings to which he may be otherwise entitled to under the law or the rules of the Agency regarding this proceeding and the issues raised herein. Dr. Kenton further agrees that he shall not challenge or contest any Final Order entered in this matter which is adopts the terms of this Settlement Agreement in any forum available to it now or in the future, including its right to any administrative proceeding, circuit or federal court action, or any appeal. 17. This Agreement is and shall be deemed jointly drafted and written by all parties to it, and shall not be construed or interpreted against the party originating or preparing it. 18, To the extent that any provision of this Agreement is prohibited by law for any reason, such provision shall be effective to the extent not so prohibited, and such prohibition shall not affect any other provision of this Agreement. (26803191;1} fl { 19, Ths Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding on each party's successors, assigns, heirs, administrators, representatives and trustees. 20. All times stated herein ate of the essence in this Agreement. 21, This Agreement shall be in full force and effect upon execution by the respective parties, Dated: Oetemhat 37 2013 Dated: Wy 2013 106 East College Avenne, Ste. 1200 Tallahassee, FL 32301 Attorney for Respondent AGENCY FOR HEALTH CARE , ; ; ADMINISTRATION a 2727 Mahan Drive, Bldg. 3, Mail Stop #3 seg, FL 32308-54 - ; ye ‘ Dated: 4, Sy ‘Lr a ies, ’ / . . , Erle Miller oS Inspector Gprietgl a oa o> en y freA 6m ee Dated: Stuart Williams, Esq. 0 Dated: Al & af fof General Counsel Chief Medicaid ounsel ; ave a nae oats Fyesl Y, _e oe ~ : ‘ oy Shena L. Grant Esq. oo , {26800911} -,
The Issue Whether the Petitioner owes the amount assessed in the Respondent's Final Agency Audit Report for a Medicaid overpayment of $6,487.20.
Findings Of Fact Petitioner was an authorized Medicaid provider during the period of the audit. Petitioner's Medicaid provider number was 376782500. As a Medicaid provider, the Petitioner was obligated to comply with the Medicaid Provider Agreement(s), statutes, rules, and policy guidelines that the Agency uses to govern Medicaid providers. During the audit period of this case, the Petitioner was required to maintain all "Medicaid-related records" to support the Medicaid invoices and claims for which payment was requested of the Agency. In fact, by law the records are to be maintained for a five-year period of time so that the Petitioner would be able to "satisfy all necessary inquiries by the agency." See Section 409.907(3)(c). In this case the Agency computed the overpayment based upon the records submitted by the Petitioner. The Petitioner did not contest the randomness of the clusters applied by the Agency in creating the overpayment amount. The Petitioner billed for the payments in the overpayment amount and received payment from the Agency. The overpayment to Petitioner was originally calculated to be $15,039.05. At hearing the Agency announced the overpayment had been reduced to $6,487.20. Based upon the failure of the Petitioner to appear at hearing and the return of the mail that had been provided to the Petitioner's last known address, the Agency believes the Petitioner is out of business and has relocated to an unknown address.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Agency for Health Care Administration enter a final order against the Petitioner for a Medicaid overpayment in the amount of $6,487.20, together with reasonable costs incurred in this cause. DONE AND ENTERED this 29th day of September, 2003, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S ___________________________________ J. D. Parrish Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 29th day of September, 2003. COPIES FURNISHED: Rhonda M. Medows, M.D., Secretary Agency for Heath Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive Fort Knox Building, Suite 3116 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 Valda Clark Christian, General Counsel Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive Fort Knox Building, Suite 3431 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 Lily Scott Formato Tender Loving Childbirth 10046 Daisy Avenue Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33410 Debora E. Fridie, Esquire Agency for Health Care Administration Fort Knox Building III, Mail Station No. 3 2727 Mahan Drive, Suite 343 Tallahassee, Florida 32308
The Issue Whether the Petitioner, Agency for Health Care Administration (Petitioner or Agency), is entitled to a Medicaid reimbursement and, if so, in what amount.
Findings Of Fact The Petitioner is the state agency charged with the authority and responsibility of administering the Florida Medicaid Program. As part of this authority, the Petitioner is required to recover Medicaid overpayments when appropriate. See § 409.913, Fla. Stat. (2006). At all times material to the allegations of this case, the Respondent was a licensed physician and a Medicaid provider subject to the provisions of Chapter 409. As a Medicaid provider, the Respondent was authorized to provide services to eligible patients but was obligated to comply with the Medicaid Provider Agreement in doing so. The Medicaid Program contemplates that authorized providers will provide services to eligible patients, bill the program and be paid according to the Medicaid standards. All Medicaid providers must practice within the guidelines of the Physicians Coverage and Limitations Handbook and applicable law. Providers may be audited so that it can be verified the process was appropriately followed. In this case, the Respondent was audited. According to the audit findings, the Respondent received payment for services that he did not perform. Dr. Eiber (a physician not part of the Respondent’s practice group) reviewed and signed off on x-ray studies and reports for which the Respondent billed and was paid by Medicaid. Dr. Eiber is a Medicaid provider but he is not affiliated with the Respondent or the Respondent’s group. In order for the Respondent to bill and receive payment for Dr. Eiber’s work, the latter physician would have to be listed and identified within the group in which the Respondent practiced. The Respondent was responsible for all billings for which he received payments. In connection with billing, the Respondent was required to maintain and retain all Medicaid- related invoices or claims for the audit period. In this regard, the Physician Coverage and Limitations Handbook specifies that when a radiological study is performed in an office setting, either the physician billing the maximum fee must have performed or indirectly supervised the performance and interpreted the study; or if a group practice, a member of the group must perform all components of the services. That procedure was not followed. When the Agency disallows a paid Medicaid claim, it must seek to recover the overpayment from the Medicaid provider who received payment on the claim. This is the basis of the “pay and chase” methodology used in the Medicaid program. The claims are paid, subject to audit, and recovery is sought when the claim is disallowed. Based on the audit findings in this cause, the Agency seeks $32,935.96 as an overpayment of Medicaid claims paid to the Respondent. The Petitioner also seeks an administrative fine in the amount of $1000.00. The Respondent was given the results of the audit and afforded an opportunity to respond and provide additional information to the Agency to show that the amounts billed were correct. The Respondent has presented no supplemental information to corroborate the correctness of the claims at issue.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is hereby RECOMMENDED that the Agency for Health Care Administration enter a Final Order sustaining the Final Audit Report and finding an overpayment against the Respondent in the amount of $32,9935.96. The Final Order should also impose an administrative fine in the amount of $1,000.00. S DONE AND ENTERED this 21st day of February, 2007, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. J. D. PARRISH Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 21st day of February, 2007. COPIES FURNISHED: Craig A. Brand, Esquire Law Offices of Craig A. Brand, P.A. Grove Forest Plaza 2937 Southwest 27th Avenue, Suite 101 Miami, Florida 33133 Willis Melvin, Esquire Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive, Suite 3431 Fort Knox Building III, Mail Stop 3 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 Richard J. Shoop, Agency Clerk Agency for Health Care Administration 2727 Mahan Drive, Mail Station 3 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 Craig H. Smith, General Counsel Agency for Health Care Administration Fort Knox Building, Suite 3431 2727 Mahan Drive, Mail Station 3 Tallahassee, Florida 32308 Dr. Andrew C. Agwunobi, Secretary Agency for Health Care Administration Fort Knox Building, Suite 3116 2727 Mahan Drive Tallahassee, Florida 32308
