The Issue Whether petitioner should take disciplinary action against respondent for the reasons alleged in the administrative complaint?
Findings Of Fact The parties stipulated that respondent Veterans Gas and Appliance Co., Inc., trading as Veterans Gas Company, now holds and has at all pertinent times has held a license issued by petitioner. Petitioner has licensed respondent as a "[d]ealer in liquefied petroleum [LP] gas, in appliances and in equipment for use of such gas and installation." Petitioner's Exhibit No. 1. Respondent has been in business for 25 years or so, at least. (T.48) On December 8, 1983, Clyde K. "Ken" Wallace, a gas serviceman in respondent's employ, was at the office of the Veterans Gas Company in Fort Walton, when a Mr. Wright telephoned, requesting that LP gas be delivered to the Ships Chandler in Destin, Mr. Wright's place of business. Mr. Wallace set out by himself for Destin in a bulk-fill truck to make the delivery. When he arrived, he found he could not enter the driveway, so he parked on the south side of U.S. Highway 98 about 15 feet from the Ships Chandler tank. He knew where the tank was because he had filled it the previous winter, the last time he had been there. Standing with two young ladies in the doorway of the Ships Chandler, Mr. Wright greeted him, saying something like, "I'm glad to see you. We're freezing." Mr. Wallace set right to work. Initially unable to remove the dome which blocked access to the underground tank, he asked Mr. Wright for a claw hammer. With the hammer he succeeded in removing the dome, and then announced he was going to turn off the service valve, which is the valve that allows gas to enter the building from the tank. Mr. Wright asked him not to turn the valve off, saying he was going to ignite the pilot light in his furnace, and disappeared into the store. Mr. Wallace took the dust cap off and, hooking up the hose to the fill valve, pumped one hundred gallons of LP gas at the rate of 25 to 30 gallons a minute, according to the meter on the truck. Before introducing LP gas into the tank, Mr. Wallace never turned off the service valve or any other valve through which LP gas flowed before passing through the regulator and into the system of pipes. In fact, he never touched the service valve, and did not know for sure whether it was on or off. Furnace apparently lit, Mr. Wright reemerged from his store after a few minutes, a check in hand to pay for the gas. Earlier on, at some point during their conversation, Mr. Wright asked Mr. Wallace whether he knew if nearby shop owners heated with gas or otherwise used gas, or something to that effect. Mr. Wallace said he did not know. The question arose because the complex had been a motel with central gas heat before it had been remodeled into shops and offices; and the conversion had taken place since the preceding winter. Mr. Wright wondered aloud whether or not his neighbors owed him money for gas. Mr. Wallace saw Mr. Wright enter one shop door, leave, enter another, leave, and so forth, presumably inquiring of the people inside whether they used gas. By the time he disengaged the hose and closed the fill valve, Mr. Wright was nowhere to be found. Mr. Wallace indicated on the invoice that it had been paid, dropped it on a desk or counter in the Ships Chandler, and left. After Mr. Wallace had driven off, an explosion occurred causing a fire and injuries to two persons. Explosion, fire and injuries occurred not in the Ships Chandler, but on the premises occupied by Way and Associates, Inc. Whoever did the remodeling cut the gas line and neglected to cap it, so that LP gas pumped into the Ships Chandler tank, ended up in a space between the dry wall and the outside wall in the building Way and Associates, Inc. occupied. Ignition of the LP gas accumulated there caused the explosion. Respondent had nothing to do either with the remodeling or with the initial installation of the gas pipes. If Mr. Wallace had followed standard industry practice, he would have turned off the service valve before pumping LP gas into the fill valve of an empty system. After pumping LP gas into the tank, he would have turned off the pump; he would have asked Mr. Wright to turn off all appliances, and, once the appliances were off, he would have turned the service valve back on to charge the system. Then he would have turned the service valve off again, in order to listen carefully. If he had done that, he would have heard LP gas moving through the regulator, even after the service valve was closed, and he would have realized that gas was leaking. Mr. Wallace, who started working for respondent in July of 1982, is qualified as a gas service man but not as a gas appliance service man. Like other new drivers respondent hires, Mr. Wallace went out with an older driver or the manager to learn the route and safety procedures for at least two weeks before going out on his own, but he was never told to check for leaks when introducing LP gas into an empty system.
Findings Of Fact Petitioner deals in fuel oil. It buys fuel oil from several wholesalers and sells it at retail, mainly to people who use fuel oil for heating purposes. Petitioner operates a low pressure pump on its premises for pumping fuel oil from a ten thousand gallon tank into five gallon cans and similar containers brought to the pump by its customers. At peak demand, the ten thousand gallon tank supplying this pump had to be refilled twice a week. In general, however, during the cold season, the tank was refilled only every other week or less often still. No fuel oil was ever pumped from the low pressure pump into any motor vehicle. Petitioner also maintained two big dispersing pumps for filling its tank trucks with fuel oil and a gasoline pump for fueling the truck engines. The trucks were equipped with pumps for emptying their fuel oil tanks, which pumped at the rate of forty gallons per minute. Petitioner advertised home delivery of fuel oil in the newspaper, and dispatched its trucks in response to the resulting telephone calls. In addition to delivering fuel oil for home heating purposes, petitioner occasionally sold larger quantities to fellow fuel oil dealers and to other commercial concerns. In February, March and April of 1974, petitioner sold particularly large quantities of fuel oil to Tampa Electric Company. During the period covered by the audit, petitioner sold from 50,000 to 70,000 gallons to other fuel oil dealers. Petitioner did not get resale certificates from its commercial customers, but Mr. Hayes, until recently petitioner's proprietor, required dealers to show him their dealer's licenses and he copied the dealers' license numbers onto the invoices. In March of 1976, Mr. Donald E. Snyder, a tax examiner in respondent's employ, began auditing petitioner's books. At this time most of petitioner's records were in Orlando in the custody of the Federal Energy Administration. Subsequently, some, but not all, of these records were returned to petitioner. In an effort to reconstruct records which were unavailable, Mr. Snyder contacted petitioner's suppliers and examined their records of sales to petitioner. On January 2, 1977, Mr. Hayes and Mr. Snyder took an inventory of petitioner's fuel oil. Mr. Snyder used this information as well as what records petitioner was able to furnish him, and concluded that petitioner had sold, during the audit period, two thousand four hundred seventy-nine (2,479) gallons of fuel oil to persons or concerns who were users of fuel oil for non-exempt purposes. Written on the invoices evidencing these sales, however, was the phrase "non-road use" or words to that effect. The limited materials with which he worked gave Mr. Snyder no indication as to the disposition of an additional two hundred fifty- eight thousand three hundred forty (258,340) gallons of fuel oil. Although Mr. Snyder approximated petitioner's sales month by month, these figures were unreliable because of certain erroneous assumptions, notably the assumption that petitioner never used additional storage facilities.
Recommendation Upon consideration of the foregoing, it is RECOMMENDED: That respondent abandon its notice of proposed assessment, as revised. DONE and ENTERED this 10th day of January, 1978, in Tallahassee, Florida. ROBERT T. BENTON, II Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings Room 530, Carlton Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304 (904) 488-9675 COPIES FURNISHED: Mr. James P. LaRussa, Esquire Flagship Bank Building, Suite 416 315 East Madison Street Tampa, Florida 33602 Mr. Cecil L. Davis, Jr., Esquire Assistant Attorney General The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32304
The Issue The issue is whether the challenged two working day notice provision of existing Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, constitutes an invalid exercise of delegated legislative authority as defined in Section 120.52(8), Florida Statutes.
Findings Of Fact The Department is the state agency charged by law with regulation of the liquefied petroleum (LP) gas industry. Sections 570.07(16)(k), 570.07(23), 527.055, and 527.06, Florida Statutes. Petitioner bears the name "1st Propane of Bushnell," a registered fictitious name of Par-Gas, Inc. Petitioner is a Category I liquefied petroleum gas distributor, licensed and regulated by the Department. There are approximately 460 licensed LP gas dealers in Florida. Florida’s licensed LP gas dealers include one-man operations, mom and pop family-owned businesses, regional marketers and national multi-state marketers. LP gas operations in Florida are unique compared to other states, in that Florida has many small volume users. The Department issues the Category I LP gas dealer license only to entities, not to individuals. The license permits the licensee gas company to transport LP gas, fill LP gas containers, sell LP gas containers, and to service, install, or repair appliances or equipment that use LP gas. Most LP gas dealers own the LP gas tank or cylinder installed at the customer location. Accordingly, when the dealer delivers LP gas to its customer, it is filling or refilling its own container; unless the customer owns the container, then the dealer fills the customer’s container. LP is a by-product of the oil refining process. The most common LP gas in Florida is propane. LP gas has a boiling point of minus 44 degrees Fahrenheit. The very cold LP gas is stored in the container under pressure of approximately 145 pounds per square inch (PSI).1 LP gas expands approximately 270 times as it changes from a liquid to a vapor. LP gas vapor is one and one-half times heavier than air. Because LP gas is heavier than air, when released into the air, LP gas vapor drops, pools and accumulates in low areas. It will not disperse in areas where there is no wind movement. A spark from static electricity, electric motors, automobile fan motors, exhaust pipes, catalytic converters, air conditioning compressors or lit cigarettes will ignite LP gas, causing explosion or fire. LP gas is more volatile than natural gas. Unlike natural gas which is delivered to the customer by pipe, LP gas is typically stored at residential, commercial or school installations in a pressurized container. Two kinds of LP gas containers are tanks and cylinders. Other LP gas system components include the regulator, valves, interior and exterior piping, meter, and appliances. The National Fire Protection Association, Standard 58, LP Gas Code 2001 Edition, ("NFPA 58") makes the container owner responsible for ensuring his containers are suitable and qualified for service. LP gas tanks are typically horizontal and much larger than LP gas cylinders. Tanks used in residential and commercial applications, generally range in size up to 1,000 gallons. Tanks are deemed permanent installations. Cylinders are generally upright and have a specified lifetime, after which they must be re-qualified by the owner. Cylinders are deemed temporary or portable installations. LP gas cylinders and tanks are both “liquefied petroleum gas equipment” within the meaning of Chapter 527, Florida Statutes. Rule 5F-11.047, Florida Administrative Code, governs LP gas container disconnections in Florida. The genesis of Rule 5F-11.047, Florida Administrative Code, dates back to the 1940’s and 1950’s and a State Regulation2 that allowed only the LP gas tank owner, or those authorized by him, to disconnect a tank from a customer’s system. In 1958, Florida’s Attorney General, Richard Ervin, became concerned that the Regulation could be applied in an anti-competitive manner, but in 1959, the Regulation was amended to allow one gas company to disconnect another company’s tank whether or not it was authorized, provided advance notice was given to the gas company owning the tank. In the 1970’s this “advance notice” concept was continued and again adopted, this time in an administrative rule promulgated under Chapter 120, Florida Statutes. In 1990, The Department of Insurance (“DOI”) promulgated Rule 4B-1.008, Florida Administrative Code, under Chapter 120, Florida Statutes.3 In 1994, DOI’s Rule 4B-1.008, Florida Administrative Code, was properly transferred to the Department without changes. The Department properly filed Rule 5F-11.047, Florida Administrative Code, for adoption without changes as required by Chapter 120, Florida Statutes, and Chapter 1S-1, Florida Administrative Code, effective March 15, 1994. When the Rule was initially adopted in 1990, David Rogers wrote a letter4 to DOI on behalf of The Florida Propane Gas Association (“The Association”) recommending rule language which became Rule 4B-1.008, Florida Administrative Code. The same language lives on in challenged Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code. The Association specifically recommended the Rule language “in the interest of safety to the propane industry and consumers” and because the Rule allowed “orderly disconnects to be made in a safe manner.” As stipulated by the parties at final hearing, Rogers’ October 31, 1990, letter is the Association’s past and present position on Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code. Other states have tank disconnect rules similar to Florida’s Rule, and other states have modeled their disconnect rules after Florida’s Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code. No company has ever challenged Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, except Petitioner. Petitioner challenges only the two working day notice requirement of Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, alleging it is an invalid exercise of delegated legislative authority. Section 120.52(8), Florida Statutes. Petitioner alleges that the “Department has exceeded its grant of rulemaking authority because Section 527.06, Florida Statutes, does not specifically include nor contemplate or require notice to cylinder, tank and system owners prior to a disconnection;” that the existing rule enlarges, modifies and contravenes the specific provisions of Sections 527.06 and 527.07, Florida Statutes, in that neither statutory provision requires or authorizes a 48-hour/two working day pre-disconnection notice to an LP gas tank or system owner”; that the existing rule is arbitrary and capricious in that the pre-disconnection notice requirement has no relation or connection to any health, safety or welfare concerns; and that the Rule does not promote the health, safety or welfare of the public and, therefore, cannot be supported by competent substantial evidence. Petitioner also alleges that application of the two working day notice requirement has an anti-competitive effect on the LP gas market. Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, pertains to disconnecting LP gas containers. No statute prohibits a person or gas company from disconnecting another gas company’s LP gas container. However, Section 527.07, Florida Statutes, prohibits a person or gas company from filling, refilling, using, or delivering another gas company’s LP gas container without authorization from the gas company that owns the container. Section 527.07, Florida Statutes, reads: No person, other than the owner and those authorized by the owner, shall sell, fill, refill, deliver, permit to be delivered, or use in any manner any liquefied petroleum gas container or receptacle for any gas or compound, or for any other purpose. Section 527.07, Florida Statutes, is one of the statutes implemented by Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, the other being Section 527.06, Florida Statutes. As a practical matter, when a gas customer wants to change LP gas companies, his new choice of companies cannot use his existing gas company’s LP gas container unless authorized by the existing company, which owns the installed container. So, if the customer does not own his own container5 and authorization to use the existing company’s container is not obtained, the existing container will have to be disconnected so the new company can install its own container. Section 527.07, Florida Statutes. When one gas company disconnects another gas company’s container in order to install its own container, it is called a “switch-out” or “changeover.” Rule 5F-11.047, Florida Administrative Code, determines when the disconnect notification must occur. When disconnected, a LP gas container is either empty (out-of-gas)6 or it contains LP gas. If the tank is empty, the tank owner must be notified within 24 hours after the empty tank has been disconnected. See Rule 5F-11.047(2), Florida Administrative Code. Thus, no advance notice is required when the customer is out-of-gas. However, if the existing container contains gas (hereinafter referred to as a “gas-filled container”),7 Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, requires the new, incoming gas company to give two working days advance notice to the existing gas company/tank owner that it intends to disconnect the existing container after two working days. Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, reads: No person, firm or corporation, other than the owner and those authorized by the owner, shall connect or disconnect any cylinder, tank, or system containing liquefied petroleum gas, except in an out- of-gas situation, unless due and sufficient notice has been given by any person, firm or corporation to the owners of any cylinder or tank, prior to disconnecting or connecting such cylinder, tank, or system. Due and sufficient notice shall be received by the owners at least two (2)working days prior to installing the cylinder, tank, or system of said person, firm, or corporation, and shall be evidenced by a signed receipt. Acceptable evidence of receipt of notification shall be a signed certified mail receipt, signed receipt of hand delivery or facsimile transmission receipt. If after two working days the cylinder, tank, or system has not been disconnected by the owner, the said person, firm or corporation may then disconnect downstream of the system regulator or meter. It shall be mandatory that the person, firm or corporation who so disconnects any such cylinder or tank, whether empty or full, upon the premises of a consumer, does so in a manner that renders the cylinder or tank tight with valves turned off, the cylinder or tank service valve plugged with brass or steel fittings, and all other cylinder, tank or system openings properly plugged. In addition, any cylinder, tank, or system disconnected must be done so in a manner that is in compliance with the requirements of NFPA 58. (Emphasis supplied). The advance notice requirement only applies to gas-filled containers. After receiving two working days notice, the existing company/tank owner has several options: 1) The tank owner/company can disconnect and remove its gas-filled container from the property within the two working days; 2) swap containers with the incoming company, exchanging the existing container with a similar container delivered to its storage yard by the incoming company; 3) sell the existing gas-filled container to the incoming company or the consumer; 4) coordinate a switch-out with the incoming company; or 5) if it knows and trusts the safety training of the incoming company’s personnel, it can authorize the incoming company to disconnect its tank and put it in an agreed-upon safe location at the customer property until it can be picked up in a reasonable time. Disconnecting a gas-filled container is an inherently dangerous activity even though the person doing the disconnect has been properly trained. If the existing gas-filled container is sold or swapped to the incoming gas company, the inherently dangerous disconnect is not required. By contrast, after a gas- filled container is disconnected it must be temporarily stored on the customer property if it is not immediately removed. As established by testimony of the Department’s safety expert even trained persons sometimes store gas-filled containers on customer property in an unsafe and improper manner. Even LP gas companies’ employees are known to violate the two working day notice requirement leaving another company’s gas-filled container, unplugged, unprotected hazardous, unsafe condition on the consumer’s property. The two working day notice requirement of Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, provides sufficient time for the two gas companies to work out the switch-out or terms of transfer. Less than two working days' notice would not be sufficient to promote the safe handling of LP gas and proper installation of LP gas equipment. The Department presented the testimony of a Suburban Propane (“Suburban”) employee, Tom Ross. Ross is Suburban’s Florida regional manager. Suburban is a multi-state marketer and is the third largest propane company in Florida. Suburban’s 29 Florida locations are licensed by the Department and serve 80,000 customers. Suburban has twice as many LP gas containers in the field in Florida as any other region due largely to the fact that Florida has a lot of small volume users. Ross testified that training of personnel to perform disconnect varies, some companies providing better training than others. Suburban prefers to disconnect its own gas-filled tanks primarily because it knows the training its employees have received, and has no idea what kind of training a competitor company’s personnel may have received. Ross testified that as it relates to Suburban, Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, promotes the safe handling of propane gas. The two working day notice requirement gives Suburban the opportunity to evaluate the safety/liability of the situation and the potential safety/liability involved in moving the tank. Safety/liability issues related to the disconnect and removal of the gas-filled tank may make it advantageous for the existing tank owner to negotiate a tank swap with the company taking over the account. In that circumstance, no disconnect is required. The Department presented the testimony of Mike Ivestor. Ivestor is the operations manager of Quality Propane in Havana, Florida, a small mom-and-pop, independent LP gas company. Ivestor knows his own employees have been properly trained, but he cannot be sure how well all his competitors train their employees. Ivestor has a good relationship with most, but not all, competitors in his market. There are some LP gas companies Ivestor would not want to disconnect his company’s tanks. In the past, competitor gas companies have disconnected Quality Propane tanks and left them on a customer's property in unsafe condition. Two working days allows Ivestor sufficient time to coordinate with the incoming gas company a time to disconnect his tank so as to not interfere with the new installation or disrupting service to the customer. If Ivestor knows the incoming company, he may authorize it to disconnect his gas-filled container and temporarily store it in an agreed-upon place at the customer property which Ivestor knows is safe. Ivestor is concerned about his company’s liability when he has no control over who, when, or how his gas-filled tank is disconnected and set aside. Petitioner and the Department stipulated that if one gas company disconnects another company’s gas-filled container and relocates it on the customer’s property, it creates liability for the owner of the container. Rule 5F-11.047, Florida Administrative Code, is a safety rule, not a rule that regulates competitiveness. Further, the two working days' notice promotes proper installation and transporting of LP gas equipment. Rule 5F-11.047, Florida Administrative Code, states that it implements Section 527.06, Florida Statutes. The Florida Legislature provided in Section 527.06(1), Florida Statutes, that: The department may adopt rules necessary to effectuate any of the statutory duties of the department in the interest of public health, safety, and welfare and to promote the safe handling of liquefied petroleum gas and proper installation, storing, selling, utilizing, transporting, servicing, testing, repairing, and maintaining of liquefied petroleum gas equipment and systems. The department shall adopt rules reasonably necessary to assure the competence of persons to safely engage in the business of liquefied petroleum gas, including, but not limited to, the licensure, testing, and qualifying of such persons for the protection of the health, welfare, and safety of the public and persons using such materials. These rules shall be in substantial conformity with generally accepted standards of safety concerning the same subject matter and shall not extend, modify, or conflict with any laws of this state or the reasonable implications of such laws.” The Florida Legislature also provided in Section 527.06(2), Florida Statutes that: (2) The department shall promulgate and enforce rules setting forth minimum general standards covering the design, construction, location, installation, and operation of equipment for storing; handling; transporting by tank truck, tank trailer, or pipeline; and utilizing liquefied petroleum gases and specifying the odorization of such gases and the degree thereof. The rules shall be such as are reasonably necessary for the protection of the health, welfare, and safety of the public and persons using such materials and shall be in substantial conformity with the generally accepted standards of safety concerning the same subject matter. Petitioner and the Department each presented testimony of Vicki O’Neil in their respective case-in-chief. Ms. O’Neil has been Bureau Chief of the Bureau of LP Gas Inspection since August 1994. She oversees Bureau licensing, training, investigations, examinations, and the marketing assessment program. Ms. O’Neil testified that the Department’s interpretation of Section 527.06(1), Florida Statutes, is that the Department may take reasonable steps necessary to ensure the public’s safety through the rule-making process, and that the safe handling of LP gas is in the interest of the public health, safety, and welfare. This has been the Department’s interpretation of Section 527.06, Florida Statutes, since 1994 when responsibility for LP gas regulation was transferred from the DOI to the Department, along with Ms. O’Neil. As established by Ms. O’Neil's testimony, the Department’s policy is that proper installation, storing, selling, utilizing, transporting, servicing, testing, repairing, and maintaining of LP gas equipment and systems is in the interest of the public health, safety, and welfare and that Rule 5F-11.047, Florida Administrative Code, is an exercise of the Department’s power and duty to promote those public interests. The Department’s policy is that Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, is a safety rule necessary to promote the safe handling of LP gas. Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, is a safety rule, which is in substantial conformity with the published standards of the National Fire Protection Association and is also in substantial conformity with generally accepted standards of safety. As a result of the two working day notice requirement, the incoming and outgoing LP gas companies can dialogue about the proposed disconnection, repairs, safety, or hazardous conditions that might exist. The dialogue may also result in the two companies swapping tanks; thus, the inherently dangerous process of disconnecting the tank is avoided altogether. In light of recent terrorist events in this country, law enforcement has taken a heightened interest in LP gas and gas-filled LP gas containers. Security bulletins from various federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Transportation, show the potential for terrorist groups to target commercial LP gas tanks and hazardous material storage facilities. There is a potential for theft of even small quantities of these materials for the purpose of making weapons of mass destruction. Each Category I LP gas dealer must have one “master qualifier” at each business location. Each Category I LP gas dealer must also have one “qualifier” for each 10 employees performing LP gas work. A gas company employee does not have to be a qualifier or a master qualifier to connect or disconnect LP gas containers for the company. Any gas company employee can disconnect gas-filled containers if he or she has been trained by the gas company to do so. These employees are not required to receive training or testing from the Department. The gas company must only document employee training in their company files. The Department generally does not know if a company employee is actually performing disconnects correctly or not, nor whether the employee has ever been disciplined by the employer for safety violations. The quality of employee training varies from company to company. For this reason, some LP gas companies prefer to have their own trained employees disconnect their tanks. Even though companies train their employees, some have been known to leave disconnected gas-filled containers in unsafe, hazardous condition on a customer’s property. As established by testimony of Ernest Barany, an employee of the Department within the Department’s Bureau of LP Gas Inspection for seven years and current supervisor of the Department’s LP gas inspectors, the Rule’s two working day notice requirement applies to LP gas containers in residential and commercial locations, LP gas dispensers, and containers installed in school facilities. Further, the two working day notice requirement of the Rule promotes public safety and the safe handling of LP gas. The two working day notice requirement of the Rule promotes the proper installation, storage, selling, and transporting of LP gas equipment. A customer’s existing gas company usually has superior knowledge of safety conditions at the LP gas installation because it installed the container and/or the entire LP gas system; has been delivering LP gas into the container; has maintained and/or repaired the system; and knows about any "red-tag" situations that exist on the LP gas system. In the LP gas industry, a red tag is a warning of an unsafe or hazardous condition in a LP gas system. The red tag is a paper tag hung by a wire from the tank cover or an appliance or other system component to warn all persons who see it that there is a problem or unsafe condition in the system. A gas company/tank owner will red-tag its LP gas container, appliance, or other system component when a temporary repair has been made or when the gas company knows of a defect in the system. A common temporary repair requiring a red tag is when the on-and-off valve leaks gas that can be detected at the threads between the handle and the body of the valve. The leak can be temporarily stopped by fully opening the valve and then with hand pressure turning the valve counterclockwise a little harder. A red tag would then be put on the tank saying "don’t refill until a permanent repair is made." Next, when the tank goes empty the repair can either be made on site or by changing the container on a scheduled basis. Customers sometimes remove a red tag after it is placed on the system by the current gas company. If the red tag is removed, the new, incoming LP gas company coming to disconnect the gas-filled container would not be aware that the system has a problem, defect, or temporary repair unless the existing gas company/tank owner has informed them. Accidents have occurred because customers have removed red tags without the knowledge of the gas company. The two working day notice requirement allows the existing company to address safety matters that are unknown to the incoming company, thus promoting a safe transfer of gas service. A switch-out or changeover requires more that just safely disconnecting the gas-filled container. If a gas company does not disconnect and remove its own gas-filled container, the gas-filled container must be disconnected and temporarily stored on the consumer’s property by the new incoming company. A disconnected gas-filled container is more dangerous than a disconnected empty container. Gas-filled containers temporarily stored on the customer’s property present a variety of safety concerns. If a gas-filled cylinder is disconnected and stored on its side at the customer location, liquid propane coming into contact with the safety valve can cause the valve to fail and leak. A gas filled cylinder can fall over creating a hazardous situation if it is punctured, or falls, and begins to roll or hits a person or vehicle. Failure to comply with Rule 5F-11.047(1), has resulted in at least one fatality in Florida because the tank was stored improperly on the customer property. Sometimes there is no safe place to temporarily store a gas-filled container on the customer property. In metropolitan markets there are unique safety concerns requiring that a gas-filled container be removed immediately upon disconnection. In some metropolitan areas there are limited property lines on residential tanks, underground tanks, commercial tanks that are stacked up behind strip malls with no place to move them, and tanks that are installed around schools or parks that could be tampered with by children. Without advance notice the tank owner cannot address these safe/liability concerns and responsibility for mishaps fall squarely on him. The two working day notice requirement gives the tank owner time to review customer records, evaluate the situation, and coordinate the disconnection and removal of its gas-filled tank. Sometimes the terrain makes safe temporary storage impossible or immediate removal of the tank required. In flood plain areas, local ordinances require the container to be chained or bolted down or bracketed to a wall. Vehicular traffic conditions at some locations require that a gas-filled container be protected behind a barrier. If the location requires that the new container be installed behind the existing barrier, the disconnected gas-filled container may end up stored in an un-barricaded area. The gas company that owns the existing installed container, has an investment in it, has serviced the customer location, and often will know whether or not there is a safe place to temporarily store the disconnected gas-filled container on the property. Two days' advance notice allows the existing gas company time to assess the safety situation unique to a customer location, thus promoting a safe transfer of gas service. Some LP gas containers are buried underground and must be excavated so the incoming gas company can install its own container underground. A crane, back-hoe, or other special equipment may be required to unearth and move the tank. The existing tank owner may also have to locate existing utilities and obtain governmental authorization or permits to excavate the tank. Some localities require the tank owner to notify local fire or building officials or apply for permits to move the container. If the tank is buried, other buried utilities on the property must be located before excavation. A gas-filled container sometimes must have the gas pumped out of it before the tank can be transported on Florida roads. This usually requires special equipment and two different kinds of trucks. The existing tank owner also has to schedule his employees to do the work. The Rule gives the tank owner the time to work out the logistics and scheduling of equipment to draw the gas out of the tank before it can be transported from the consumer’s property. In 1958, Florida’s tank disconnect rule was called LP Gas Regulation 11, of the Fire Marshall’s rules. LP Gas Regulation 11, Circa 1958 reads: No person, firm or corporation, other than the owner and those authorized by the owner so to do, shall connect or disconnect or transport or carry any means of conveyance whatsoever, any cylinder or tank containing Liquefied Petroleum Gas, whether in the liquid or vapor state. Thus, in 1958 all disconnects were prohibited unless authorized by the tank owner. A tank owner could monopolize a customer’s LP gas system by simply withholding authorization for the disconnect. The Insurance Commissioner at the time asked for an opinion from the Attorney General because he was troubled that a natural gas supplier was disconnecting LP gas containers without authorization from the owner. Voicing public safety concerns, the Attorney General opined that: Serious problems of public safety are involved in the disconnecting of L.P. gas cylinders and tanks and the above rule has its legitimate purpose in insuring public safety. I am of the opinion that this regulation can be legitimately enforced against the private utility in question, however, it must be applied in terms of public safety and not in such a manner as will unreasonably restrict competition. Acknowledging the serious public safety concerns related to LP gas tank disconnections, Attorney General Ervin also saw the potential evil of construing Regulation 11 to prohibit tank disconnections “under any circumstances.” “Advanced reasonable notice” was the cure. Attorney General Ervin opined: Said rule should not be construed to prohibit the private utility from disconnecting the L.P. gas tanks and cylinder under any circumstances. If after reasonable notice to the LP gas dealer said dealer does not disconnect his cylinders or tanks, the private utility should be permitted to disconnect them if it does so in a manner which leaves the tanks or cylinders in a safe condition. If the private utility should persist in failing to give reasonable notice and in leaving the tanks and cylinders in an unsafe condition, the State Fire Marshal may hold a hearing . . . and issue a cease and desist order. Subsequent to the Attorney General’s July 3, 1958, Opinion, on February 27, 1959, Regulation 11 was amended after Public Hearing. The revised, adopted Regulation 11 provided for “due and sufficient” notice to the tank owner prior to disconnecting his tank. Thus, in similar fashion to Rule 5F-11.047(1), Florida Administrative Code, if the notified tank owner did not disconnect his tank after a reasonable time, the tank could be disconnected by the company desiring to install its own tank.
Findings Of Fact Since 1984, the Department has been the state agency charged with the responsibility to establish rules and regulate underground pollutant storage facilities in Florida. In 1988, the Legislature added the administration of the newly enacted Florida Petroleum Liability and Restoration Program to the Department's duties. The program was to be established on or before January 1, 1989. The Applicant is the owner of a petroleum storage system in Jacksonville, Florida. Since 1984, it has been subject to the rules regarding underground pollutant storage facilities promulgated by the Department. On September 18, 1989, an odor indicative of possible petroleum contamination was discovered at the site during the installation of monitoring wells. A Discharge Notification Form was sent to the Department by the Applicant on October 23, 1989. The form advised that there were no leaks in the system. It was suggested that the odor may have resulted from surface spill at the site over a number of years. In response to the notification, an inspection of the site was completed by the Department on December 5, 1989. The inspection revealed the following on-site violations: Registration requirements were not being met. The forms had not been updated to include the presence of monitoring wells and overfill protection at the facility. Two underground tanks had not been properly abandoned. Inventory and reconciliation records had not been properly maintained, as required by rule since 1987. This violation was reviewed, and discussed in detail with on-site representatives of the Applicant. The monitoring wells were not installed by the time deadlines set forth in the Department's rules regarding stationary tanks. Since the wells were installed in September 1989, samples had not been taken for visual signs of petroleum contamination. The purpose of the system is to allow the owner of the storage tanks to learn if there is a leak in the tanks that can be quickly controlled to limit contamination. The day after the inspection, the Applicant applied for a determination of eligibility for participation in the restoration coverage portion of the new Florida Petroleum Liability Insurance and Liability Program. An affidavit was signed stating that all of the Department's rules regarding stationary tanks were being complied with by the Applicant. Six days after the inspection, the Department sent the Applicant written notice of the results of the inspection. The Applicant was given time frames and instructions for correcting the listed violations that could be corrected. A contamination assessment and clean up were also required in the letter. This letter did not address the issue of eligibility for the restoration funding program because that was a matter unrelated to the inspection results. On March 7, 1990, the Department determined the facility was ineligible for participation in the restoration funding provided by the Florida Petroleum Liability and Coverage Program. The following reasons were given: Failure to properly abandon underground storage tanks, pursuant to Section 17-61.050(3)(c), Florida Administrative Code. Failure to maintain inventory records, reconciliations, and significant loss/gain investigation as per Section 17-61.050(4)(c), Florida Administrative Code. Failure to install monitoring system and overfill protection by the dates set forth in Section 17-61.06(2)(c)2, Florida Administrative Code. Failure to properly monitor leak detection system, pursuant to Section 17-61.050(5)(c), Florida Administrative Code. The 10,000 gallon fuel oil tank and the 3,000 gallon waste oil tank present at the facility were abandoned in March 1990. The notice issued by the Department after its inspection in December 1989, gave the Applicant sixty days after receipt of the notice to properly abandon the tanks. The Applicant substantially complied with this requirement after the written notice was received. Although the Applicant failed to maintain the inventory records, reconciliations, and significant loss/gain investigations required by the Department rules, some of these violations had been corrected prior to the Department's inspection in December 1989. Correct inventory recordkeeping was discussed during the inspection, and the need to immediately implement the proper recordkeeping practices was emphasized in the post-inspection notice of violations. All of the recordkeeping violations were not cured until August 1990. The records kept by the Applicant during the noncompliance period from 1984 to August 1990, did not provide a substantially equivalent degree of information regarding possible leak detection or prohibited discharges as the required recordkeeping procedures. Two underground stationary storage tanks on the site have been part of the Applicant's petroleum storage system since 1970 and 1975, respectively. The monitoring wells and overfill protection for these tanks should have been in place by December 31, 1987. Neither monitoring system was installed until September 1989. The Applicant began the contract negotiations for installation in September 1988. The Applicant did not demonstrate that the facility contained an alternative procedure between December 31, 1987 and September 1989, that provided a substantially equivalent degree of protection for the lands, surface waters, or groundwaters of the state as the established requirement for monitoring wells and overfill protection. In December 1989, the Department's notice advised the Applicant that the monitoring wells should be sampled monthly for visual signs of petroleum contamination. Since April 1990, the Applicant has been completing the monthly sampling in the monitoring wells as part of its leak detection system, as required by the Department's rule regarding underground stationary tanks.
Recommendation Accordingly, it is RECOMMENDED: That the Department enter a Final Order denying Petitioner's application for restoration coverage in the Florida Petroleum Liability and Restoration Program at the Jacksonville location. DONE and ENTERED this 28 day of December, 1990, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. VERONICA E. DONNELLY Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904)488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this _28_ day of December, 1990. APPENDIX TO RECOMMENDED ORDER The proposed findings of fact submitted by Petitioner are addressed as follows: Rejected. Improper interpretation of law. As for the facts in the first sentence, they are accepted. See HO #8. Rejected. Irrelevant. See HO #9. Rejected. Contrary to fact. See HO #9 and #11. Rejected. Contract to fact. See HO #11. Rejected. Contrary to fact. See HO #12 and #13. Rejected. Contrary to fact. Improper shifting of duty ad legal responsibility. Rejected . Improper application of law. The Respondent's proposed findings of fact are addressed as follows: Accepted. Accepted. Accepted. Accepted. See HO #8. Accepted. See HO #8. Accepted. See HO #3. Accepted. See HO #3. Accepted. See HO #3. Accepted. See HO #5. Accepted. Accepted. See HO #4. Accepted. See HO #4. Accepted. Accepted. See HO #6. Accepted. See HO #4 and #6. Accepted. See HO #4 and #6. Accepted. Accepted. Accepted. See HO #4 and #9. Accepted. Accepted. See HO #4 and #9. Accepted. Accepted. See HO #9. Accepted. See HO #4 and #10. Accepted. Rejected. Contrary to fact. See HO #10. Accepted. Accepted. Accepted. See HO #10. Accepted. See HO #3 and #12. Accepted. Accepted. See HO #13. Accepted. Accepted. See HO #6. Accepted. See HO #4 and #6. Accepted. See HO #6. Accepted. Rejected. Not established by evidence. See HO #6. Accepted. Accepted. Accepted. Accepted. See HO #7. Accepted. Accepted. COPIES FURNISHED: William Chadeayne, Qualified Representative 8933 Western Way, Suite 16 Jacksonville, Florida 32256 Janet E. Bowman, Esquire Assistant General Counsel Department of Environmental Regulation 2600 Blairstone Road Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400 Dale H. Twachtmann, Secretary Department of Environmental Regulation 2600 Blairstone Road Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400 Daniel H. Thompson, Esquire General Counsel Department of Environmental Regulation 2600 Blairstone Road Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400
The Issue Whether a proposed amendment to Florida Administrative Code Rule 69A-6.005(2) constitutes an invalid exercise of delegated legislative authority in violation of section 120.52(8)(e), Florida Statutes (2011).1/
Findings Of Fact Combs Oil is engaged in the distribution and storage of petroleum products in southwest Florida. The distribution and storage facility (facility) operated by Combs Oil, which is located at 76 Industrial Boulevard in Collier County, Florida, contains both underground and aboveground petroleum storage tanks and is considered a bulk petroleum storage facility. As a bulk petroleum storage facility, the operation does not directly dispense fuel to cars, boats, planes, and the like. Through its operations, Combs Oil distributes petroleum products to retail locations and to entities, such as governmental agencies, golf courses, and the commercial fishing, cattle, and citrus industries. Several years ago, Combs Oil purchased three 29,000- gallon aboveground, double-walled storage tanks and currently desires to utilize the tanks at its facility to store Class I petroleum products. These tanks are considered secondary containment-type tanks. Regulatory officials in Collier County have advised Combs Oil that the company will not be able to store petroleum in the 29,000 gallon aboveground tanks because to do so would be in violation of the 12,000-gallon capacity limit established by NFPA 30. NFPA 30, section 22.11.4.1 (2008), is included within NFPA Standard 1, as referenced in section 633.0215(2), Florida Statutes. NFPA 30, section 22.11.4.1 (2008), provides that where a secondary containment-type tank is used to provide spill control, the capacity of the tank shall not exceed 12,000 gallons. The 2008 version of NFPA 30 made no change to the existing prohibition against the use of secondary containment- type, aboveground tanks in excess of 12,000 gallons. Substantively, NFPA 30, section 22.11.4.1 (2008), is the same as the 2000 and 2003 versions; however, the 2008 version, according to Combs Oil, includes commentary from NFPA's technical committee that was not in previous versions of the rule. The commentary from NFPA's technical committee reads, in material part, as follows, Subsection 22.11.4 was initially added, in 1993, as an exception to the spill control provisions of NFPA 30. The exception addressed the growing use of factory-built aboveground tanks that incorporated some form of secondary containment. The secondary containment is primarily an environmental protection measure and usually takes the form of a double shell with an annular (interstitial) space or an integral spill pan. In developing this exception, the NFPA 30 Technical Committee on Tank Storage and Piping Systems considered many issues and determined that a double shell alone would not provide the level of spill control originally intended. First, the technical committee recognized that secondary containment and spill control are not synonymous. Secondary containment is a term that was originally applied to double shell underground tanks; such tanks have been in use for many years and are now the choice for underground installations, as a result of stricter environmental regulations. The outer shell contains any release of product if the inner primary tank develops a leak. The concept has now been applied to aboveground tanks. However, almost all product releases from aboveground tanks result from overfilling or a break in a pipe connected to the tank. Rarely does an aboveground tank release product because of a leak in its shell. In a sense, secondary containment, when applied to an aboveground tank, is a solution in search of a problem. Second, the technical committee was not convinced that the bare steel outer shell would not fail prematurely from an exposure fire. Their concern arose from the fact that the contained liquid is not in contact with the outer shell and, therefore, cannot absorb the thermal energy impinging on it. Third, for smaller tanks, the outer shell offered virtually no impact protection. Piercing the outer shell would likely result in piercing the primary tank as well. Even if the primary tank were not damaged, secondary containment would have been compromised. Nevertheless, the technical committee determined that an aboveground secondary containment-type tank could be installed without meeting the original spill control provisions of NFPA 30, if the protective features enumerated here are provided. The maximum capacity of 12,000 gal for Class 1 liquids and 20,000 gal for Class II and III liquids was chosen to correlate with the maximum capacities allowed by NFPA 30A, Code for Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages, for aboveground tanks at service stations. Piping connections below the liquid level are not allowed and an anti-siphon device is required to prevent release of liquid should there be a break in the pipeline. The emphasized portion of the quoted material provides the basis for Petitioner's assertion that "NFPA has done no study to warrant the application of this standard to terminal or bulk facilities." Combs Oil did not offer any testimony from any person affiliated with NFPA's technical committee. Combs Oil did not call any witness who has served on NFPA's technical committee. Combs Oil did not offer any documentary evidence showing the workings of NFPA's technical committee as the committee contemplated the inclusion of the newly inserted notes into the technical committee's commentary. Per the requirements of section 633.0215, the Department, as part of its three-year update to the Florida Fire Prevention Code, seeks to amend rule 69A-6.005(2) to reflect the adoption of the 2008 version of NFPA 30. It is undisputed that NFPA 30 governs the facility operated by Combs Oil. It is also undisputed that NFPA 30A, when considered in isolation, does not apply to the facility at issue. Mr. Charles Frank works as an operations review specialist for the State Fire Marshall's Office, Bureau of Fire Prevention. In this capacity, Mr. Frank offers "informal interpretation for various agencies that are looking for code interpretations." Mr. Frank does not serve in a policy-making position with the State Fire Marshall's Office. From 2005 until 2009, Mr. Frank was a member of the NFPA. Mr. Frank is familiar with how NFPA develops and compiles its fire code, but he has personally never participated in NFPA's code development process. Mr. Frank is neither qualified, nor authorized to speak on behalf of NFPA with respect to technical matters related to NFPA's rules. Prior to filing the instant challenge, Combs Oil, pursuant to section 120.542, filed with the Department on or about August 3, 2007, a "Petition for Variance From, or Waiver of, Rule 69A-3[.]012(1), Florida Administrative Code [Waiver]." Petitioner's Waiver application requested that the Department waive the requirements of the applicable rule and allow Petitioner to install the three 29,000-gallon tanks. On or about November 2, 2007, the Department denied Petitioner's Waiver request. In response to the denial, Petitioner filed a Petition for Formal Administrative Hearing, which was assigned DOAH Case No. 08-1714. On July 8, 2008, pursuant to a Joint Motion to Dismiss, the Division of Administrative Hearings issued an Order closing its file and relinquishing jurisdiction to the Department.
The Issue Whether the application of Getty Oil Company for a permit to conduct dredge and fill activities by the construction of an oyster shell platform and by dredging (drilling) in East Bay, Santa Rosa County, should be approved, pursuant to Chapters 253 and 403, F.S. Whether the application of Getty Oil Company for a variance from Rule 17-4.28(8)(a), F.A.C., to construct a shell foundation pad and to drill one natural gas exploratory well in East Bay, Santa Rosa County, should be approved, pursuant to Chapter 403, F.S. Whether the application of Getty Oil Company for a permit for natural gas flare construction should be approved, pursuant to Chapter 403, F.S. Whether the application of Getty Oil Company for a drilling permit should be approved, pursuant to Chapter 377, F.S. These proceedings stem from Getty Oil Company's intent to erect a structure and drill a test well in East Bay, Santa Rosa County, for the purpose of natural gas exploration. The waters of East Bay are Class II, approved for shellfish harvesting. Getty holds leasehold rights for drilling at the proposed site under an assignment of a lease granted by the Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund in 1968. DER issued Notices of Intent to grant Getty's three applications, subject to specific conditions, as follows: Request for Variance By letter of April 3, 1980, the DER Director of Division of Environmental Permitting issued its Notice of Intent to grant a variance from Section 17- 4.28(8)(a), Florida Administrative Code, pursuant to Section 403.201(1)(a)(c) Florida Statutes, to permit the requested dredge and fill activities in an area approved for shellfish harvesting by the Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services. Dredge and Fill permit By letter of April 3, 1980, the DER manager of the Northwest District issued Notice of Intent to issue a dredge and fill permit for the construction of the exploratory gas drilling platform provided that the applicant obtained a variance from the requirements of Sections 17-4.28(8)(a), Florida Administrative Code. Natural Gas Flare Construction Permit By letter of June 16, 1980, the DER manager of the Northwest District issued Notice of Intent to issue a permit for natural gas flare construction at the East Bay test site in Santa Rosa County. DNR issued the following Notices of Intent regarding the Chapter 377 drilling permit: By letter of June 18, 1980, as amended by letter of June 23, 1980, the Executive Director of the Department of Natural Resources issued Notice of Intent to recommend denial of Getty's application for a permit to drill in East Bay for the reason that Section 377.242, Florida Statutes, prohibits the construction of structures for the production of oil, gas and other petroleum products on submerged lands within the lease area. However, by further order of the Executive Director, dated duly 28, 1980, Notice of Intent was issued to recommend approval of the drilling permit application, subject to specified conditions in the event that the legal opinion expressed in his prior letters concerning the prohibition against drilling as set forth in Section 377.242, Florida Statutes, was found to be incorrect. Although the DER cases were originally scheduled for hearing in August, 1980, the consolidation of the DNR cases resulted in the granting of a motion for a continuance of the hearing until November, 1980. At the commencement of the hearing, the parties announced that they had arrived at a stipulated settlement and that all issues raised in the consolidated cases were, with two exceptions, withdrawn by the parties with respect to the three permit applications and the variance application. The two issues reserved by the Stipulation involved the application of Section 377.242(1), Florida Statutes, with respect to the requested drilling permit from the Department of Natural Resources. The Stipulation was accepted by the Hearing Officer as sufficiently comprehensive to meet the requirements of pertinent statutes and regulations with regard to the permits under consideration. Paragraph VI of the Stipulation provides that paragraphs II and IV of the Stipulation shall be specifically incorporated into the agency permits or variance to which those paragraphs refer. In view of the agreed resolution of the two DER permit applications, a hearing on those matters became unnecessary. However, as to the application for variance, subsection 403.201(2), Florida Statutes, mandates that the Department hold a hearing on each application for variance. Inasmuch as the parties to the proceedings had resolved all factual and legal questions in their Stipulation, the only remaining purpose for a hearing was to permit public participation. Accordingly, twelve public witnesses testified at the hearing (Hearing Officer's Exhibit 1), four of whom submitted documentary materials (Exhibits 1-4). These included a petition signed by local area citizens in support of the project, a favorable recommendation by the Pensacola Area Chamber of Commerce, a statement from the League of Women Voters from the Pensacola Bay Area expressing concern for preservation and protection of estuaries and wetlands, and various publications submitted by one witness. After the receipt of public testimony, the hearing was continued until November 24, 1980 for presentation of evidence concerning the two remaining issues reserved by the parties in their Stipulation. Due to the fact that the DER was not a party to the matters remaining for consideration, its representative did not participate in the further proceedings. During the hearing sessions on November 12- 13, 1980, twenty eight exhibits were provisionally received in evidence. (Hearing Officer's Exhibit 2) . Eight additional exhibits were received in evidence during the session on November 24-25, 1980. (Hearing Officer's Exhibit 2) By Recommended Order, dated December 15, 1980, the Hearing Officer recommended to DER that the Stipulation of the parties be accepted, and that the requested DER permits and variance be issued in accordance with the terms thereof. The two issues reserved by the Stipulation involving the application of Section 377.242(1), Florida Statutes, are as follows: Whether Section 377.242(1), Florida Statutes, prohibits the proposed drilling on submerged lands located in East Bay. Whether Section 377.242(1), Florida Statutes, can be constitutionally applied to prohibit Getty from conducting the proposed drilling on submerged lands located in East Bay. Evidence was received at the hearing as to whether Getty Oil Company is authorized by the statutory provision in question to drill at the proposed site. As to the constitutional issue, Getty was permitted to proffer testimony to preserve such issue for any future judicial determination. The following findings of fact are restricted accordingly.
Findings Of Fact Getty Oil Company proposes to drill a hydrocarbon exploration well pursuant to State Drilling Lease No. 2338. The lease was issued by the Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund of the State of Florida on July 9, 1968, to J. Melvin Young, Arden A. Anderson, and Philip D. Beall. Getty purchased the lease from the original lessees on March 10, 1970. The lease grants the right to explore for and produce oil and gas from the state-owned submerged water bottoms of East Bay, Blackwater Bay, and that portion of Escambia Bay lying in Santa Rosa County, a combined total of 47,932 acres. The proposed well would be drilled from submerged lands located in approximately the center of East Bay to a depth of approximately 17,800 feet. (Testimony of Anderson, Exhibits 6, 27) The well site will be located some 2.7 miles from the nearest shore and about six miles from the Gulf of Mexico. The site is not within one mile from the seaward boundary of the Yellow River Marsh Aquatic Preserve, the Fort Pickens State Park Aquatic Preserve, or the Gulf Islands National Seashore. East Bay is an estuary which is part of an estuarine "system" in the immediately surrounding area of Pensacola. An estuary is an area that is a buffer zone between the open ocean where the salinity is equal to 35 parts per thousand, and the fresh water river areas which drain into the system. The fresh water runoff carries nutrients into the system which in turn result in productivity of plants and organisms, including fish, shrimp, oysters, and other shellfish of various types. Estuarine systems are therefore one of the most productive types of ecosystems. East Bay is one of the best parts of the estuarine system from the standpoint of both water quality and general health of the system. Although during the major periods of river drainage in the winter and spring months, low water salinity exists on the surface of East Bay, the bay is not considered to be a fresh water lake, river or stream from an ecological standpoint. (Testimony of Herbert, Livingston, Exhibits 6, 15, 26, 29-32) The coastline of Florida in the vicinity of East Bay coincides with the seaward boundary of Santa Rosa Island, a barrier island, and extends across the mouth of the entrance to Escambia Bay. East Bay is connected to Escambia Bay, but does not connect directly to the Gulf of Mexico. (Stipulation, Exhibits 29, 31 and 32) Based on seismic data obtained from a 1970 survey of the Getty Oil Company's leased area, including East Bay, the only possible structure where hydrocarbons could be located beneath submerged lands is one covering 2,860 acres or approximately 4 1/2 square miles. The proposed well site is at the top center of the structure, which extends some 17,800 feet below the surface of the submerged land. There is no evidence that there are commercially recoverable deposits of salt, brines, or sulphur under the lands of the leasehold area. Hydrocarbon accumulations tend to occur along the crest of regional arches. The crest of the Santa Rosa Arch has been projected to be underneath the East Bay area. (Testimony of McCarthy, Greenwell, Exhibits 34-35) Studies conducted by Getty Oil Company to determine the advisability of drilling at the proposed site led it to the conclusion that there is one chance in twelve that hydrocarbons would be present in the target structure in commercially productive amounts. These studies also produced an estimate that Getty would accrue about $537,000,000 before state and federal income taxes if it vertically drilled four producing and one non-producing wells in the area. (Testimony of Greenwell) Directional well drilling is performed by the oil industry to maximum lateral deviations of 10,000 to 12,000 feet, depending upon varying conditions at the site. In such instances, an angle is formed at periodic intervals which eventually deviates sufficiently to reach the target structure. Straight-line slant drilling is only feasible in cases of shallow wells. Directional drilling creates varying problems based on the depth and lateral deviation required in a particular place. The "doglegs" required in creating the necessary angles pose extreme difficulties in removing cuttings from the drill hole. The angles created in the process produce tremendous torque and cause pipe "fatigue." Drill collars are subject to sticking and, at extreme depths, it is doubtful if turning of the pipe can be achieved. Such a method of drilling makes it difficult to control direction, particularly at great depths. Additionally, at extreme depths where the temperature is some 325 degrees, the rubber material of "down-hole" motors is melted. (Testimony of Porterfield, Moore) In order for Getty Oil Company to directionally drill from land to the target structure under East Bay, it would be necessary to commence drilling on land approximately 3.3 miles from the bay site at a point about 1 1/4 miles due north of White Point. Drilling at that location would require a 50 percent lateral deviation of some 17,500 feet and a total drilling distance of some 25,000 feet. Such a distance has never been attempted in the history of directional drilling and is considered by experts in the field to be virtually impossible from a technological standpoint. Such a well would require that 2 1/2 degree angles be formed every 100 feet. These bends in the well hole through which the pipe must be extended and bent would create extremely severe pipe failure problems and exacerbate the other traditional difficulties encountered in directional drilling. Further, the cost of directional drilling at the Getty site would make such an undertaking economically undesirable even if it were technically possible. In view of all the considerations, Getty Oil Company does not consider directional drilling a viable alternative to vertical drilling, and therefore would not undertake drilling by such a method. Getty does not own or hold property interests in any dry-land areas near the shore of East Bay. (Porterfield, Moore, Englert) Prior to 1972, the Department of Natural Resources issued permits to drill in submerged lands of the state. Subsequent to the 1972 enactment of Section 377.242(1), Florida Statutes, no such permits have been issued and the pending application of Getty Oil Company is the only one which has been received by the Department since that time. Based on prior policy, the Chief of the Department's Bureau of Geology recommended to the Executive Director that Getty's application be approved. His reason for such recommendation was that he had not been aware that there was a variation in the 1972 statute and the Department's prior policy. Dr. Elton J. Gissendanner, Executive Director, however, determined that the statutory provision prohibited the placement of structures for the purpose of producing oil or gas anywhere in submerged lands in the state within a mile seaward from the coastline, which he considered to be located at the seaward border of Santa Rosa Island. He interpreted additional language in the statutory provision (which prohibited the issuance of a drilling permit within one mile inland from the coastline unless estuaries, beaches and shore area were adequately protected in the event of accident) to refer to uplands, and that therefore unrestricted drilling on land could only occur more than a mile from the coastline. In this manner, he concluded that the legislature intended to protect all estuaries of the state. He views his decision to constitute a proposed departmental policy which would require ratification by the Governor and Cabinet as head of the Department. However, no rules have been issued in implementation of the statutory provision. Based on his interpretation of the statute, the initial letter of intent to deny the requested permit was issued on June 18, 1980, as amended by his letter of June 23, 1980. By his further letter of July 28, 1980, the Executive Director informed Getty Oil Company that he had been directed by the Governor and Cabinet to issue a Notice of Intent to recommend final agency action concerning the merits of the application in the event that his legal position was overruled. The letter stated that pursuant to that mandate, and after review of the application, he intended to recommend approval of a permit to drill the requested test well in East Bay for the reason that the application complied with all criteria set forth in Chapter 16C-2, Florida Administrative Code. Certain conditions were stated in the letter to which any permit would be subject. These conditions were the subject of tide later stipulation between the parties at the commencement of the final hearing in these proceedings. The statutory interpretation of the Executive Director was confirmed in a later departmental legal opinion. (Testimony of Henry, Gissendanner, Exhibits 15, 20, 36) Various legislative materials, including bills, committee reports, and transcripts of committee meetings which primarily were preliminary to or contemporaneous with the passage of the legislation that became Section 377.242(1), F.S., were admitted in evidence (Exhibit 33a-p). A post-hearing Motion of Getty Oil Company to supplement the record with additional legislative materials was granted in part by the official recognition of a Report of the House Committee on Environmental pollution Control (Exhibit 33q). A further post-hearing Motion of United Citizens Against pollution, Inc. to supplement the record with further pertinent legislative materials was similarly granted (Exhibit 33r, s).
Findings Of Fact The following findings of fact are based upon the stipulation of the parties and the evidence presented: During a routine inspection on June 11, 1986 at Ron's Chevron #4, 1790 North Hercules, Clearwater, Florida, samples of all grades of gasoline were taken. A sample was taken from each side of a pump labeled "Chevron Unleaded". Using a field method for measuring lead content, it was determined that both samples contained more than 0.11 grams of lead per gallon, which exceeds the standard of 0.05 grams per gallon. The results of the field measurement were confirmed at the Department's main laboratory by Nancy Fischer on June 16, 1986. A stop sale notice was issued on June 12, 1986, and the contaminated product was withheld from sale to the public. On June 17, 1986, Petitioner was required to post a bond in the amount of $1,000 in lieu of the Department confiscating 5,850 gallons of fuel. The product was released for sale as Chevron Regular, a leaded fuel. New product was placed in the tank and proved lead free. Lead in gasoline is detrimental to a car designed to run on unleaded fuel. The lead can cause serious damage to the emission system and possibly the engine by stopping up the catalytic converter. The parties stipulated that the sole issue in this case is the amount of the bond. There is no evidence that Petitioner intentionally contaminated the fuel for financial gain. The cause appears to have been carelessness at some point between, or at, wholesale and retail. The Department accepted a bond of $1,000 and allowed Petitioner to retain the fuel for relabeling and sale as leaded fuel. The Department's penalty imposed in this case is consistent with its past practice in factually similar cases.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing, it is recommended that the Department enter a Final Order requiring Petitioner to post a $1,000 refundable bond. DONE AND ENTERED this 23rd day of October 1986 in Tallahassee, Florida. DONALD D. CONN Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 FILED with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 23rd day of October 1986. COPIES FURNISHED: Ronald Trimm Ron's Chevron #4 1790 North Hercules Clearwater, Florida 33515 William C. Harris, Esquire Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Mayo Building Tallahassee, Florida 32301 The Honorable Doyle Conner Commissioner of Agriculture The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32301
