The Issue The issues to be determined are whether Respondent overprescribed controlled substances and failed to maintain legible medical records as alleged in the Administrative Complaint and, if so, the appropriate penalty.
Findings Of Fact The Department of Health, through its Board of Osteopathic Medicine, is the state agency charged with regulating the practice of osteopathic medicine in the state of Florida, pursuant to section 20.43, and chapters 456 and 459, Florida Statutes. At all times material to this proceeding, Richard D. Vitalis was a licensed osteopathic physician in the state of Florida, holding license number OS 4823. Respondent’s current address of record is 3774 China Grove Mews Lane, Fairfax, Virginia 22025. At all times material to the Administrative Complaint, Respondent was practicing as an osteopathic physician at All Family Medical in North Lauderdale, Florida, a licensed pain management clinic. On or about January 27, 2011, L.N., a 29-year-old female, and a resident of Biloxi, Mississippi, presented to Respondent at his Fort Lauderdale office with complaints of back pain. Between January 27, 2011, and August 3, 2011, L.N. presented to Respondent on seven occasions. L.N. indicated that she had previously been prescribed oxycodone 15 mg, oxycodone 30 mg, and Xanax 2 mg. She also indicated that she was dependent on her prescriptions, that she needed them every few hours, that she expected to need them the rest of her life, and that they were not helping resolve her medical problems. L.N. underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study on January 27, 2011. The MRI diagnostic images showed that L.N.’s spine had no evidence of pathological disease. There was a normal alignment of the vertebral bodies without evidence of compression or spondylolisthesis. There was normal signal throughout the vertebral bodies and within the visualized spinal cord. There was no significant disc disease, evidence of spinal stenosis, or exiting nerve root impingement at L1-2, L2-3, L3-4, or L5-S1. Although the MRI depicted some annular disc bulging at L4-5, there was no spinal stenosis or neural foraminal stenosis. There was no pathology shown on the MRI, and it was, in general, “a normal MRI.” As such, the MRI would not provide support for a conclusion that L.N. would have been in pain. There were no diagnostic images in L.N.’s file to contravene the medical conditions shown in the MRI. The only evidence of anything requiring treatment was L.N.’s complaint of low back pain. Such a complaint would call for muscle relaxers, physical therapy, hot/cold packs, or ultrasound, rather than narcotic pain medications. There was no evidence in the medical records that L.N. exhibited signs of nerve root impingement with pain radiating down the leg. The records did not demonstrate that Respondent performed a comprehensive medical examination of L.N., or that Respondent performed any type of objective testing of L.N., including straight leg raises, checking for deep tendon reflexes, or palpation of the area of concern for spasms. The records did not contain an adequate medical history of L.N., including height, weight, temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, age, date of birth, and medication lists, nor did they contain an assessment of L.N.’s chief complaint or plan of treatment. The intake from L.N.’s first visit to Respondent indicated that she was taking opioids and benzodiazepines, though there was no evidence of prescriptions or prescribing physicians for those substances. The records did not demonstrate that Respondent obtained records of prior treating physicians, nor was there any evidence of an effort to do so. The records do not demonstrate that Respondent consulted with any other physician which, in the case of treatment resulting from an MRI review, would fail to meet the standard of care. The records do not demonstrate that Respondent recommended alternative interventions for L.N.’s pain complaints, including physical therapy, which would have been appropriate, and within the standard of care given the normal MRI results. The only alternatives noted were “heat” and “massage” on January 27, 2011, and “heat” on June 23, 2011. Although it is possible that other alternative interventions were recommended, the illegibility of the intake forms prevents such a finding. The failure to recommend alternative interventions was a failure to meet the standard of care. On L.N.’s first visit to Respondent on January 27, 2011, a urine drug screen was performed. The drug screen tested positive for opioids and benzodiazepines. Subsequent to that first visit, Respondent performed no other drug tests. Such tests can confirm that the patient is taking prescribed medications, and not diverting them, and that the patient is not taking other non-prescribed medications. It is the medical standard of care to perform follow-up drug tests of patients when prescribing high doses of controlled substances, including opioids. The failure to closely monitor L.N. when prescribing high doses of opioids and benzodiazepines was a failure of the standard of care. Respondent did not communicate with L.N.’s pharmacy to ensure that she was not getting prescribed medicines from other doctors. Such information was, in 2010 and 2011, available from pharmacies. It was, during that period, the medical standard of care to communicate with the dispensing pharmacy. Respondent failed to meet that standard of care. There was no evidence to the contrary. Despite the fact that L.N. presented to Respondent with a stated history of opioid use and a positive drug screen, Respondent did not record L.N.’s medication history for the period up to her first visit with Respondent. The failure to take a medication history to substantiate the need and justification for the prescription of high-dose opioids is contrary to the 2010-2011 medical standard of care. Oxycodone was, during the relevant period, a Schedule II controlled substance with a high potential for abuse, and an accepted but severely restricted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse of oxycodone may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. § 893.03(2), Fla. Stat. Roxicodone is a brand name for oxycodone hydrochloride. It is a short-acting opioid that is rapidly absorbed. Short- acting opioids have a greater potential for abuse. Furthermore, prescription of short-acting opioids, such as Roxicodone, would not be within the standard of care for long-term, chronic pain such as that described by L.N. Xanax is the brand name for alprazolam and is prescribed to treat anxiety. Alprazolam was, during the relevant period, a Schedule IV controlled substance, with a low potential for abuse, and an accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse of alprazolam may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence. § 893.03(4), Fla. Stat. At L.N.’s initial January 27, 2011, visit, Respondent prescribed medications including 210 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 30 mg, 120 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 15 mg, and 90 tablets of Xanax Oral 2 mg. The prescribed doses and amounts were consistent with L.N.’s self-reported medications that she was then taking, presumably prescribed by “Dr. Sanchez” in Biloxi. Respondent’s plan of treatment listed the medications L.N. requested and recommended follow-up in one month. The records contain no individualized treatment plan. Respondent’s examination notes are entirely illegible. Respondent’s records lack copies of prescriptions issued to L.N. on January 27, 2011. A patient agreement and informed consent form was included in L.N.’s patient file, but was not signed by L.N. L.N. next presented to Respondent with complaints of chronic lower back pain on February 22, 2011. The intake form is largely illegible, though “overall feels well” is discernable. At that visit, Respondent prescribed 210 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 30 mg, 120 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 15 mg, and 90 tablets of Xanax Oral 2 mg. Respondent’s plan of treatment was medication refill and follow-up in one month. Again, there was no individualized treatment plan, and the examination notes were largely illegible. L.N. presented to Respondent with further complaints of chronic lower back pain on March 22, 2011. The intake form is largely illegible, though “overall feels well” is discernable. Respondent again prescribed 210 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 30 mg, 120 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 15 mg, and 90 tablets of Xanax Oral 2 mg. Respondent’s plan of treatment was medication refill and follow-up in one month. Again, there was no individualized treatment plan, and the examination notes were illegible. L.N. presented to Respondent on April 21, 2011. The intake form is largely illegible, though “overall feels well” is discernable. Respondent renewed L.N.’s previous prescriptions. L.N. next presented to Respondent with complaints of chronic lower back pain on May 19, 2011. The intake form is entirely illegible. Respondent prescribed 210 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 30 mg, 120 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 15 mg, and 90 tablets of Xanax Oral 2 mg. Respondent’s plan of treatment was medication refill and follow-up in an illegible timeframe. There was no individualized treatment plan. Respondent’s examination notes were illegible and minimal. On June 23, 2011, L.N. presented to Respondent. The intake form, though largely illegible, appears to state that “pt feels good pain solved with meds.” The treatment prescribed by Respondent apparently having the desired effect, Respondent renewed L.N.’s prescription for 210 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 30 mg (though in two separate prescriptions for 180 tablets and 30 tablets, respectively), 120 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 15 mg, and 60 tablets of Xanax Oral 2 mg. The prescription originally called for 150 tablets of Xanax, but Respondent struck 90 of those. Respondent’s plan of treatment was medication refill and follow-up at the next appointment on July 23, 2011. A monthly medication dosage evaluation was completed for the June visit, as was a pain management treatment plan medical record. Those records provided little individualized information regarding L.N.’s plan of care. The pain management treatment plan form indicated that drug testing was completed; however, there were no results. L.N.’s final visit to Respondent occurred on August 3, 2011. She indicated, in what appears to be her handwriting, that she had used a “hot bath,” “heat,” and “some exercise.” Her treatment objective continued to be “complete resolution of pain with medication.” At that visit, Respondent prescribed 150 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 30 mg, 120 tablets of Roxicodone Oral 15 mg, and 60 tablets of Xanax Oral 2 mg. Respondent’s plan of treatment included only a list of medications. The pain management treatment plan form indicated that drug testing was completed; however, there were no results. Based on the evidence of record, including the testimony of Dr. Porcase, and in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, it is found that Respondent failed to practice medicine with that level of care, skill, and treatment recognized in general law as being acceptable under similar conditions and circumstances in his treatment of L.N. Based on the evidence of record, including the testimony of Dr. Porcase, and in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, it is found that Respondent prescribed excessive and unnecessary amounts of Roxicodone and Xanax without a justifiable basis to do so, especially since the January 27, 2011, MRI report did not support a determination that L.N. was experiencing back pain so as to justify Respondent’s course of opioid treatment for L.N. Based on the evidence of record, including the testimony of Dr. Porcase, and in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, it is found that Respondent failed to create and maintain adequate and legible records supporting the course of treatment for L.N., or records documenting performance of a comprehensive physical examination of L.N. proportionate to her diagnoses. Based on the evidence of record, including the testimony of Dr. Porcase, and in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, it is found that Respondent failed to adequately monitor L.N.’s use of opioid therapies. The findings set forth herein are the result of Dr. Porcase’s undisputed expert testimony regarding the standard of care as it existed in 2010-2011, as well as the undersigned’s independent review of the record. Whether Respondent could have produced evidence to support his treatment of L.N. will remain a mystery, since Respondent essentially abandoned this proceeding. Despite challenging the Department’s Administrative Complaint, Respondent minimally and incompletely responded to written discovery, failed to meaningfully participate in Dr. Porcase’s deposition, twice refused to appear for his own deposition, despite personal service of the notice, and failed to make an appearance at the final hearing. In the absence of any testimony or evidence to counter that of the Department, the evidence presented by the Department, including the testimony of Dr. Porcase, was clear and convincing as to the matters set forth herein. Despite Respondent’s failure to actively contest the allegations in the Administrative Complaint, it must be recognized that the allegations concern a single patient over a total period of scarcely more than 6 months. There was no pattern of misconduct. Furthermore, Dr. Porcase acknowledged that the practices regarding the prescription of opioids in 2010-2011 were far different from those that exist today. Rather, “there was no standards that you were -- individualized your treatment to the pathology on imaging studies and patient’s complaints and their ability to function on medicine.” As to a doctor’s actions to rule out a patient’s drug-seeking behavior, he testified that “[i]t would be the individual physician having to make that determination based on his experience and diagnostic testing . . . and physical exam.” While the undersigned believes and gives weight to Dr. Porcase’s opinions regarding the standard of care, his testimony is equally compelling that the standard was not as clear-cut in 2010-2011 as it is in 2018. Though not affecting the ultimate findings regarding violations of law, it does affect the nature of the penalty that is warranted.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Health, Board of Osteopathic Medicine, enter a final order: determining that Respondent violated sections 459.015(1)(x), 459.015(1)(t), and 459.015(1)(o); imposing an administrative fine of $2,000; issuing a letter of reprimand against Respondent’s license to practice osteopathic medicine; and awarding costs incurred in the prosecution of this case to the Department. DONE AND ENTERED this 15th day of May, 2018, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S E. GARY EARLY Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 15th day of May, 2018. COPIES FURNISHED: Ann L. Prescott, Esquire Philip Aaron Crawford, Esquire Prosecution Services Unit Department of Health 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Bin C-65 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3265 (eServed) Richard D. Vitalis, D.O. 230 Caddie Court DeBary, Florida 32713 Richard D. Vitalis, D.O. 3774 China Grove Mews Lane Fairfax, Virginia 22025 Kama Monroe, Executive Director Board of Osteopathic Medicine Department of Health 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Bin C-06 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3257 (eServed) Nichole C. Geary, General Counsel Department of Health 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Bin A-02 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1701 (eServed)
Findings Of Fact The Respondent, Rosalind Clarice Stratton, is a registered nurse with the Florida State Board of Nursing and holds license No. 48493-2. Testimony elicited during the course of the hearing revealed that the Respondent, while employed as an R.N. at the Morton F. Plant Hospital, Clearwater, Florida, converted to her own personal use 25 mg. of compazine. During early June, 1975, the administrator at Morton F. Plant Hospital experienced a pilferage problem and retained the services of the Wackenhut Corporation, a private detective agency, to assist it in alleviating the pilferage problem. In so doing, one of Wackenhut's agents was employed under the guise of an orderly who created an artificial shortage in the narcotics bin. On that date, June 12, 1975, Respondent noted that three ampules of demerol were missing from the narcotics bin and in an attempt to correct the shortage, she transcribed erroneous narcotic counts on the administration medication charts for the two preceding days. During the same period, Respondent had in her possession an ampule of compazine which she admitted taking from the narcotic cart because she was experiencing severe headaches. These admissions were brought out during the course of the hearing. In a letter dated April 4, 1976, to the Board, Respondent admitted that in the past drugs had been a problem however she indicated that she would like to resume the practice of her nursing profession. Evidence reveals further that on October 25, 1975, Respondent signed out on the narcotics chart for 50 mg. demerol and 25 mg. of phenogram for patient Arthur Bonde while there was no outstanding doctor's order for such. An examination of the hospital records produced at the hearing revealed that Respondent noted that she had administered the drugs to patient Bonde. On October 28, 1975, pursuant to doctors orders, Respondent charged out 50 mg. of demerol and 25 mg. of vistaril and charted as having administered only 50 mg. of demerol. She failed to administer the 25 mg. of vistaril nor did she offer any explanation as to the disposition of the vistaril. Similar infractions of Mrs. Stratton's conduct in failure to follow doctors orders occurred on October 22 and October 29, 1975. On November 13, 1975, on three occasions, Respondent failed to follow the hospital's procedure for destruction of controlled drugs by having a cosigner to verify and confirm the destruction of narcotics. Testimony revealed that the hospital, in regulating the destruction of controlled substances, required that a cosigner be present to sign and verify that in fact excess amounts of narcotics are not accumulated by employees for illegal purposes. Mrs. Joyce Billings, R.N., Director of Nursing for Tarpon Springs General Hospital for approximately two years, testified that charting is important in the administration of medication since most narcotics are administered on an as needed basis. She testified that occasionally nurses are relieved from duty and when the narcotic controls are not properly maintained overdoses could occur. She further stressed the fact that the failure to properly document or chart is considered a departure from the hospital's established procedure for maintaining records for controlled drugs. On December 9, 1975, Respondent was assigned to care for a critically ill patient. Mrs. Billings, during her regular rounds, stopped in to check on the patient assigned to the Respondent. She found that the patient was uncomfortable and that the control and output of the intravenous fluid to which the patient was being administered was not being monitored by Respondent. She testified that Mrs. Stratton was sitting in a chair in a slouched fashion and that her speech was slurred. Respondent also appeared generally unconcerned about the patient's welfare. This matter was called to the Administrator's attention who in turn contacted Respondent's supervisor who relieved her from duty due to her inability to perform in a satisfactory manner. Based on the foregoing findings of fact, I make the following:
Recommendation Based on the foregoing findings of fact and conclusions of law, I hereby recommend that in view of the seriousness and the repeated violations of the licensing law by the Respondent, that her license to practice as a registered nurse be revoked. RECOMMENDED this 30th day of June, 1977, in Tallahassee Florida. JAMES E. BRADWELL, Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings Room 530, Carlton Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304 (904) 488-9675 COPIES FURNISHED: Julius Finegold, Esquire 1005 Blackstone Building Jacksonville, Florida 32202 Mrs. Rosalind Clarice Stratton 1388-1/2 Palmetto Street Clearwater, Florida 33515 Mrs. Geraldine B. Johnson 6501 Arlington Expressway Building B Jacksonville, Florida 32211
Findings Of Fact Respondent, Gregory Burgess Stone, is a licensed practical nurse holding license number 0463451. Respondent was so licensed at all times relevant to this proceeding. Respondent was employed at Orlando Lutheran Towers Health Care Center, 300 East Church Street, Orlando, Florida, as a practical nurse at all times material hereto. During April, 1982, Respondent acted as the full-time medicine nurse on the 7:00 a.m. through 3:00 p.m. nursing shift at Orlando Lutheran Towers. Orlando Lutheran Towers utilizes the Unidose system of medication administration. The individual who administers the medication is required only to remove the appropriate dosage from the Unidose card which may contain from thirty to sixty doses of medication and thereafter record the administration of the medication on a medication administration record by inserting his initials under the appropriate date on the medication administration record format. Each patient at Orlando Lutheran Towers is assigned a Unidose card for each medication he may require. The patient's name and other pertinent information appear on a label placed on the front of the Unidose card. Respondent was intermittently relieved from duty in April by Gloria Underhill, another nurse-employee of Orlando Lutheran Towers. Underhill worked in place of Respondent on April 8, and the Respondent thereafter worked the intervening period from April 9 through April 12. Underhill returned to work in place of Respondent again on April 13, and in the course of administering medications, she observed that certain prescribed medications had not been administered between April 9 and April 13. Underhill ascertained this information because of the procedure she had previously followed. It was Underhill's general practice to place her initials not only on the medication administration record but also on the Unidose card next to the particular unit of medication she intended to administer. By comparing her initials with the physical presence of the succeeding units of medication in the Unidose card, she determined that the Respondent had apparently failed to administer medication to the following patients: PATIENT MEDICATION UNITS NOT RECEIVED 1. Lowe DDS 100 milligrams 4 2. Doze Corgard 40 milligrams 4 3. Miller TAM/LL 3 The medication administration record, however, indicated by the placement of the Respondent's initials that the foregoing medications had been received. Respondent speculated that he may have administered the medication by utilizing doses not taken by other patients. This possibility was not supported by the evidence and is rejected. Underhill's findings were given to the Director of Nursing and the Administrator of Orlando Lutheran Towers, who thereafter confronted Respondent with the Unidose card discrepancies. Respondent did not offer any explanation for the discrepancies and was therefore discharged from employment at Orlando Lutheran Towers.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing, it is RECOMMENDED: That Petitioner enter a final order finding Respondent guilty of the violations of law charged in the Administrative Complaint and placing his license in a probationary status for two years. DONE and ORDERED this 18th day of March, 1983, in Tallahassee, Florida. R. T. CARPENTER, Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 18th day of March, 1983. COPIES FURNISHED: W. Douglas Moody, Esquire 119 North Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301 James M. Nicholas, Esquire 170 East Washington Street Orlando, Florida 32801 Helen P. Keefe, Executive Director Board of Nursing Department of Professional Regulation Room 504, 111 East Coastline Drive Jacksonville, Florida 32202 Fred Roche, Secretary Department of Professional Regulation 130 North Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301
The Issue This is a license discipline case in which the Petitioner seeks to take disciplinary action against the Respondent on the basis of charges set forth in a three-count Administrative Complaint. The Administrative Complaint charges the Respondent with violations of paragraphs (m), (q), and (t) of Section 458.331(1) Florida Statutes.1
Findings Of Fact At all times material to this case, the Respondent, Donald A. Tobkin, M.D., has been licensed, and continues to be licensed, to practice medicine in the State of Florida. His license number is 30942.5 Sometime during the month of December 2004, the Police Department of Hollywood, Florida, (HPD) received information from a confidential informant that the Respondent was soliciting drug-prescribing business and was writing inappropriate and excessive prescriptions for controlled substances. On the basis of that information, the HPD initiated an undercover operation to investigate the information received from the confidential informant. As part of the undercover investigation, on the evening of January 20, 2005, at approximately 9:56pm, an HPD female detective named Nicole Coffin made a telephone call to the Respondent's telephone. The Respondent answered the telephone and identified himself by name. Detective Coffin pretended to be a person named Melissa Beech. She pretended to be a person who was seeking to obtain OxyContin, which is a Schedule II controlled substance. During the entire undercover investigation, Detective Coffin pretended to be a drug-seeker while interacting with the Respondent. On the telephone she told the Respondent that she wanted a prescription for OxyContin and also told the Respondent that a girl somewhere on Federal Highway had given her the Respondent's card and had told her she could call the Respondent if she needed a prescription. Detective Coffin, in her role as Melissa Beech, did not initially describe any medical complaint to the Respondent; she just said she wanted a prescription for OxyContin. In response to the request for a prescription for OxyContin, the Respondent told the make-believe drug-seeker that he could provide the requested prescription, but that they would have to have a "medical reason" for such a prescription. The Respondent then asked the make-believe drug-seeker if she had ever been in an automobile accident. The make-believe drug-seeker answered "yes," because that is the answer she thought would provide a basis for a "medical reason." The Respondent then proceeded to ask the make-believe drug-seeker a long series of leading questions which, if answered "yes," could provide the appearance of a "medical reason" for the requested prescription for OxyContin. This series of questions was for the purpose of establishing a contrived "medical reason" for the prescription sought by the make-believe drug-seeker. There never was, and there never appeared to be, any real "medical reason" for the prescription sought by the make-believe drug-seeker. The sole purpose for the many questions asked by the Respondent, and for the Respondent's written notations related to those questions, was to create the illusion, or the false impression, that there was a "medical reason' for the prescription when, in fact, there was no such reason. The detective who was pretending to be a drug-seeker answered "yes" to all of the leading questions asked by the Respondent. She answered "yes," even when that was not a truthful answer, because she was trying to give the answers she thought the Respondent wanted to hear.6 The Respondent's leading questions included questions asking about such things as whether the make-believe drug-seeker had ever had an automobile accident, whether she had suffered a herniated disk as a result of that accident, whether she had had an MRI, whether she had had any subsequent accidents, whether she had tried any other drugs to relieve pain, whether she had used Oxycontin in the past, and whether in the past the Oxycontin had relieved her pain. During the course of the first telephone conversation between Detective Coffin and the Respondent a number of significant matters were not discussed. The Respondent did not discuss the possibility of surgical treatments to treat the back pain described in response to the Respondent's questions. The Respondent did not discuss the necessity of reviewing the MRI or X-rays that supposedly would confirm the "herniated disc" he had inquired about. The Respondent did not discuss the necessity of obtaining future MRIs, X-rays, or other diagnostic tests to evaluate the "severe back pain" supposedly described by Detective Coffin in her role as Melissa Beech. The Respondent did not mention that she would need to have any follow-up visits with the Respondent. During the course of the first conversation between Detective Coffin and the Respondent, she told the Respondent that she had previously been obtaining Oxycontin "off the street" and that she was seeking a prescription from the Respondent because her street source had "dried up." She also told him that she had previously taken Valium and Percocet. During the course of the first telephone conversation Detective Coffin, pretending to be a drug-seeker, told the Respondent that she suffered from back pain as a result of the make-believe automobile accidents. She did not say that she was currently experiencing pain at the time of that telephone conversation. During the first telephone conversation the Respondent did not ask the make-believe drug-seeker any questions about her menstrual cycle, about whether she was pregnant, or about whether she had had any prior pregnancies or had ever had any children. However, in his written notes the Respondent included notations that purport to be answers to those unasked questions. Similarly, the Respondent did not ask the make-believe drug-seeker any questions about her consumption of alcohol, but included in his notes notations that purport to memorialize the answer to that unasked question. The Respondent's "history" notes also report that he warned the make-believe drug-seeker that OxyContin tablets should not be crushed or broken, even though he did not include any such warning in his telephone conversation with the make-believe drug-seeker. During the first telephone conversation, Detective Coffin was never asked about, and never provided any information about, whether other physicians had either prescribed OxyContin for her or had refused to prescribe OxyContin for her. The only prior sources of OxyContin she mentioned to the Respondent were non-prescription illegal sources on the street. The Respondent never discussed with Detective Coffin the possibility or necessity of a more structured medical treatment plan for addiction. The Respondent never discussed with Detective Coffin the possibility or necessity of a more structured medical treatment plan to treat a complaint of "severe pain." During the course of the first telephone conversation, the Respondent agreed to provide a prescription to the make- believe drug-seeker for a total of sixty-two 80-milligram OxyContin tablets. It was agreed that the make-believe drug- seeker would pay $100.00 for the first prescription and that the Respondent would provide similar prescriptions in the future for $50.00 per prescription. Towards the end of the first telephone conversation the Respondent told the make-believe drug-seeker that he had another matter to attend to and that she should call him later to arrange the time and place for the two of them to meet later that same evening. During the course of the first telephone conversation, which lasted for approximately 14 minutes, the Respondent made written notes of the answers given by the make-believe drug-seeker. Those notes were prepared in such a manner as to resemble the types of notes customarily made by physicians who are making a medical record of information elicited from a patient. A number of the details recorded in the Respondent's notes of the first telephone conversation were inconsistent with the information provided by the make-believe drug-seeker. Specifically, those notes contained a significant amount of information that was never uttered by the make-believe drug- seeker. The fictitious and false history details memorialized in the Respondent's notes are intentional falsehoods. Later that evening, at approximately 12:20am on January 21, 2005, Detective Coffin, still pretending to be the drug-seeking person named Melissa Beech, placed a second telephone call to the Respondent. She spoke with the Respondent for about three minutes on this occasion. Most of the second conversation consisted of providing the Respondent with information about the location where Detective Coffin would be waiting for him and information about where the Respondent should park when he arrived. Law enforcement officers of the HPD attempted to record both of the telephone conversations between the Respondent and Detective Coffin. Both of those attempts were unsuccessful. There is no recording of either of the telephone conversations. Sometime later that evening, during the early morning hours of January 21, 2005, the Respondent met the make-believe drug-seeker at the motel or efficiency apartment. He entered the room where the make-believe drug-seeker was pretending to be staying. Prior to his arrival, two cameras had been concealed in the room by the HPD police officers. During the entire time the Respondent was in the room the two cameras were attempting to record everything he said and everything he did, as well as everything said or done by the detective pretending to be the drug-seeking person named Melissa Beech. After entering the room, the Respondent spoke with the make-believe drug-seeker and asked her additional questions related to her request for a prescription for OxyContin. He made some written notes that purported to be summaries of her answers. During the course of the meeting with the make-believe drug-seeker the Respondent provided her with a document titled "Patient's Acknowledgement," which she signed, but did not read. That document contained information about the patient-physician relationship, about what was expected of the patient, and also memorialized the patient's informed consent to the treatment she was requesting from the Respondent. The Respondent also conducted a brief physical examination of the make-believe patient and made written notes that purported to be a memorialization of what he had observed during the course of his examination. The Respondent's examination of the make-believe drug-seeker included the following: check of pulse and blood pressure, check of reflex responses at several joints, and check of chest sounds with stethoscope. The Respondent performed a deep tendon reflex test on Detective Coffin by striking her wrists, elbows, and knees with a medical hammer. Detective Coffin's feet remained on the floor during this test. A deep tendon reflex test cannot be performed properly with the subject's feet touching the floor. Such a test performed in such a manner will not produce reliable results. The Respondent indicated in his written notes that he had examined Detective Coffin's head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat. However, the Respondent did not perform any examination at all of Detective Coffin's head, ears, nose, or throat. The Respondent perhaps performed a partial examination of Detective Coffin's eyes, but did not perform an adequate examination of her eyes. The Respondent indicated in his written notes that Detective Coffin's pupils were equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. However, the Respondent did not conduct any examination of Detective Coffin's eyes that was sufficient to support a conclusion that they were equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. The Respondent included in his written notes that Detective Coffin's chest and lungs were clear to auscultation and percussion. The Respondent did not examine Detective Coffin in a manner that could determine whether her chest and lungs were clear to auscultation and percussion. Therefore, the Respondent did not have any basis for writing that the detective's chest and lungs were clear to auscultation and percussion. The Respondent included in his written notes an observation that Detective Coffin's abdomen was soft. The Respondent never touched or otherwise examined Detective Coffin's abdomen. The Respondent had no factual basis for writing that Detective Coffin's abdomen was soft. In his written notes the Respondent indicated that Detective Coffin experienced pain upon lifting her leg thirty degrees. Detective Coffin never raised either leg in the Respondent's presence and never complained of pain in his presence. There was no factual basis for the subject notation. The Respondent never conducted a Rhomberg examination on Detective Coffin, but he included in his written notes an observation that a Rhomberg test was negative. There was no factual basis for such a notation. The Respondent included in his written notes an observation that he had examined Detective Coffin's gait. However, the Respondent never performed an adequate and sufficient examination of Detective Coffin's gait. The Respondent did not conduct a range of motion test of Detective Coffin. The Respondent never asked Detective Coffin to lift her leg towards her chest. Nor did he ask her to touch her toes. The Respondent never asked her to manipulate her body in any way. At no time during the encounter between Detective Coffin and the Respondent did Detective Coffin state that she was experiencing pain. At no time during that encounter did she behave or move in any manner that would suggest she was experiencing pain. To the contrary, Detective Coffin crossed and uncrossed her legs, alternatively slouched and sat up straight in her chair, and made other movements that would indicate to a reasonable prudent physician that she was not experiencing any pain at all. The Respondent never discussed with Detective Coffin the necessity of obtaining further MRIs, X-rays, or other forms of diagnostic testing. He never discussed any need to obtain and review any prior medical records. The Respondent never asked Detective Coffin to sign a medical records release document that would have authorized the Respondent to obtain prior medical records. The Respondent's written notations regarding his examination of the make-believe drug-seeker contain false information because, among other things, the notations contain the results of tests and examinations the Respondent did not perform. Such false notations are intentional falsehoods. The Respondent never discussed with Detective Coffin the need for a follow-up appointment. The Respondent never asked Detective Coffin for any form of identification. Under the circumstances presented in this case, a reasonable prudent physician would have performed a range of motion test and a leg-raising test, neither of which were performed by the Respondent. Under the circumstances presented in this case, a reasonably prudent physician would have established a treatment plan that would have included a schedule for follow-up visits, a review of prior medical records, and plans for future diagnostic tests. The Respondent did not establish any type of treatment plan. The prescription provided to Detective Coffin was inappropriate, unjustified, and excessive because the physical examination was inadequate, the medical record was falsified, and the patient never exhibited any sign of being in pain. Under the circumstances presented in this case, the Respondent's act of providing a prescription to a total stranger with no medical justification for doing so was an action taken other than in the course of the Respondent's professional practice. Ultimately, the Respondent wrote and delivered a prescription to the make-believe patient. The prescription was for sixty-two 80-milligram tablets of OxyContin. This was a 31- day supply if the OxyContin was taken as directed; one tablet every 12 hours. The Respondent wrote several warnings at the bottom of the prescription document. The warnings included such things as the fact that OxyContin impairs driving ability and may cause drowsiness, loss of balance, and/or loss of coordination. The Respondent also wrote on the prescription: "Must swallow whole and do not crush or break." Other law enforcement officers of the HPD were listening to and observing the events inside the room. Shortly after the Respondent handed the prescription to the make-believe patient and received the one hundred dollars from her, other law enforcement officers rushed into the room, arrested the Respondent, and seized various items of the Respondent's personal property, including the medical record he had been preparing regarding his care and treatment of the make-believe patient. With regard to obtaining information about the characteristics of, and the proper use of, specific drugs, medical doctors customarily rely on the information contained in the Physician Desk Reference (PDR) and on the information contained in the manufacturer's package insert that often accompanies a drug. The package insert for OxyContin includes the following information: (Following an initial caption reading WARNING) OxyContin Tablets are a controlled-release oral formulation of oxycodone hydrochloride indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain when a continuous, around-the- clock analgesic is needed for an extended period of time. * * * (Following caption reading CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY) Oxycodone is a pure agonist opioid whose principal therapeutic action is analgesia. *** With pure opioid agonist analgesics, there is no defined maximum dose; the ceiling to analgesic effectiveness is imposed only by side effects, the more serious of which may include somnolence and respiratory depression. * * * As with all opioids, the minimum effective plasma concentration for analgesia will vary widely among patients, especially among patients who have been previously treated with potent agonist opioids. As a result, patients must be treated with individualized titration of dosage to the desired effect. The minimum effective analgesic concentration of oxycodone for any individual patient may increase over time due to an increase in pain, the development of a new pain syndrome and/or the development of analgesic tolerance. * * * OxyContin Tablets are associated with typical opioid-related adverse experiences. There is a general relationship between increasing oxycodone plasma concentration and increasing frequency of dose-related opioid adverse experiences such as nausea, vomiting, CNS effects, and respiratory depression. In opioid-tolerant patients, the situation is altered by the development of tolerance to opioid-related side effects, and the relationship is not clinically relevant. As with all opioids, the dose must be individualized . . . because the effective analgesic dose for some patients will be too high to be tolerated by other patients. (Following caption reading WARNINGS) OxyContin 80 mg and 160 mg Tablets ARE FOR USE IN OPIOID-TOLERANT PATIENTS ONLY. These tablet strengths may cause fatal respiratory depression when administered to patients not previously exposed to opioids. * * * Concerns about abuse, addiction, and diversion should not prevent the proper management of pain. The development of addiction to opioid analgesics in properly managed patients with pain has been reported to be rare. However, data are not available to establish the true incidence of addiction in chronic pain patients.
Recommendation On the basis of the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that a final order be issued in this case to the following effect: Dismissing Counts One and Two of the Administrative Complaint; Concluding that the Respondent is guilty of having violated Section 458.331(1)(q), Florida Statutes, as charged in Count Three of the Administrative Complaint; and Imposing a penalty consisting of an administrative fine in the amount of ten thousand dollars ($10,000.00) and the revocation of the Respondent's license to practice medicine. DONE AND ENTERED this 26th day of June, 2006, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S MICHAEL M. PARRISH Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 26th day of June, 2006.
The Issue Whether on or about October 8, 1978 while employed as a Licensed Practical Nurse at Florida Christian Health Center, the Respondent committed numerous medication charting errors, with respect to controlled substances and other medications, including but not limited to: Signing out on a narcotic control record for controlled substances and other medications on said date and indicating the hour to be 9:00 p.m., when in truth and fact, Respondent was not on duty at said hour on said date, having left the facility before the completion of her shift at approximately 6:35 p.m. Failing to record in the patient's medication administration records narcotics signed out for the patient. Charting in the nurses notes that she had administered medications to patients at 9:00 p.m., a time when she was not on duty on October 8, 1978. Charting on the patient's administration record the administration of drugs when there was no entry or record of said drugs being signed out on the narcotics control record. In the matter of patient, Aileen Scheuster, signing out on two separate narcotics control sheets for the controlled substance, Tylenol #3 at 5:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. for a total of four (4) tablets for the same date and time, and failing to account for the excess. Failing to chart in the nurses notes and/or medication administration record for all medications signed out by the Respondent on the narcotic control records. Whether on or about October 21, 1978, at approximately 5:10 p.m., Respondent left her assigned duties at Florida Christian Health Center and went home without notifying her supervisor of this fact, leaving the facility inadequately staffed for the 3:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. shift, which Respondent was working. (The items set forth in paragraphs 1 and 2 of the issue statement allegedly constitute a violation by the Respondent of Subsection 464.21(1)(b), Florida Statutes, in that the Respondent is accused of unprofessional conduct.)
Findings Of Fact This case has been presented for consideration based upon the Administrative Complaint of the Petitioner, State of Florida, Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation, Florida State Board of Nursing, dated December 20, 1978. The Respondent, Ollie Mae Williams, L.P.N., has challenged the accusations set forth in the Administrative Complaint and requested a formal hearing pursuant to Subsection 120.57(1), Florida Statutes. In response to that request for formal hearing, the case has been referred to the Division of Administrative Hearings for consideration and the formal hearing was held on April 11, 1979. The Petitioner, State of Florida, Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation, Florida State Board of Nursing, is an agency of the State of Florida which has the responsibility to license and regulate members of the nursing profession who practice in the State of Florida. The authority for such activity on the part of the Petitioner is found in Chapter 464, Florida Statutes. The Respondent, Ollie Mae Williams, L.P.N., is a Licensed Practical Nurse, licensed by the Petitioner, Florida State Board of Nursing, and at all times pertinent to the Administrative Complaint held such license. The Petitioner has charged the Respondent with certain violations and the content of those allegations are as found in the issue statement of this Recommended Order. The facts reveal that Respondent was employed by the Florida Christian Health Center as a Licensed Practical Nurse, during the month of October, 1978. One of the patients whom the Respondent was attending in October, 1978, was the patient, Aileen Scheuster. Ms. Scheuster's physician prescribed for her the substance, Tylenol #3, to be taken one tablet every six hours PEN (as needed or required). The Respondent, while working the 3:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. shift on October 8, 1978, signed out two tablets for each record on two separate individual patient narcotic records for the period 5:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m, which made the interval of medication four hours instead of the six hours prescribed by the treating physician and exceeded the authorized number of tablets to be given. The medication record for the patient indicated that the Tylenol tablets were given at 5:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. but only showed two tablets being given. The nurses notes for the patient showed that one tablet had been administered at 5:00 p.m. and another at 9:00 p.m. Moreover, there was a further discrepancy in the matters of charting, because the Respondent only worked from 3:00 p.m. to 6:35 p.m. on October 8, 1978. Aileen Scheuster's physician had also ordered Valium, 5 milligrams, for the benefit of the patient QID (4 times a day). The individual patient's narcotic record showed two tablets signed out for Ms. Scheuster, one at 5:00 p.m. and one at 9:00 p.m., on October 8, 1978. The 9:00 p.m. sign-out being at a time when the Respondent was not on duty. On the sane date, October 8, 1978, John Solomon was a patient in the facility. One of the medications prescribed for Mr. Solomon was Darvoset N-100, PRN, for pain. There was a tablet signed out for 3:00 p.m. and a tablet signed out for 9:00 p.m. These tablets for the benefit of Mr. Solomon were charted in the appropriate records, but as indicated before, the Respondent was not in attendance in the institution at 9:00 p.m., notwithstanding evidence to the contrary found in the records of the patient, John Solomon. Another patient who was residing in the facility on October 8, 1978, was Ms. Rose Davis. Her doctor had ordered the drug, Chloral Hydrate, to be given at bedtime, PRN. The patient's individual narcotic record indicates that the Respondent gave Rose Davis one of the tablets at 9:00 p.m., a time when the Respondent had already left the facility. Further, the drug, Chloral Hydrate, was not charted on the nurses notes as required. Helen Parmenter was a patient being treated in the facility on October 8, 1978. Her doctor had prescribed five milligrams of Valium, HS (hours of sleep, 9:00 p.m.). The patient's individual narcotic record showed that the Respondent had given the patient, Helen Parmenter, one of the tablets at 9:00 p.m., and this event in time was also indicated on the medication and administration record signed by the Respondent. Again, the Respondent was not in attendance at 9:00 p.m. on October 8, 1978. Lena Kelsey was a patient in the facility who was there on October 8, 1978, and her physician had prescribed the drug, Butisol. The patient's individual narcotic record shows that the Respondent gave two tablets of Butisol to the patient at 9:00 p.m., and this was also indicated on the patient's medication administration record. In fact, the Respondent did not administer these two tablets at 9:00 p.m. because she was not in attendance at the institution. Viola Snider was a patient in the facility who was there on October 8, 1978. Her physician had prescribed Dalmane, which is a sleeping pill. There is an indication on the medication administration record of the patient that she was given one of the pills at 9:00 p.m., October 8, 1978. There is no indication on the patient's individual narcotics record that such a pill was given and, had the pill bean given, it should have bean noted on the patient's individual narcotic record, as a sign-out. Again, the Respondent was not available to give the substance, Dalmane, to the patient, Viola Snider, as is shown, contrary to what the records reflect. In addition, on October 5 and 9, 1978, the Respondent has made an entry on the medication administration record of the patient, Viola Snider, to the effect that the substance, Dalmane, had been administered, but there is no corresponding record on the individual patient's narcotic record which shows the sign-out of that medication. Finally, one of the patients who was being treated in the facility on October 8, 1978, was a John Copeland. Mr. Copeland's physician had prescribed the drug, Meprobamate, 200 milligrams, one tablet QID. There is an indication in the patient's individual narcotic record to the effect that a tablet was signed out at 5:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., and the medication record shows these tablets as being administered at the same time. The Respondent was not available to have given the tablet at 9:00 p.m. The substances, Valium, Darvoset, Chloral Hydrate, Butisol, Dalmane and Meprobamate are controlled substances in terms of drug classification. The Petitioner has charged the Respondent with violations of Subsection 464.21(1)(b), Florida Statutes, for the events that transpired on October 8, 1978. That provision states: 464.21 Disciplinary proceedings.-- * * * (b) Unprofessional conduct, which shall include any departure from, or the failure to conform to, the minimal standards of acceptable and prevailing nursing practice, in which proceeding actual injury need not be established. A full consideration of the facts presented indicates that the Petitioner was guilty of unprofessional conduct in the charting entries, to the extent of falsifying those medical records in some instances. The Petitioner has filed a second violation against the Respondent and accused the Respondent of unprofessional conduct for allegedly leaving her duty station at Florida Christian Health Center on October 21, 1978, without notifying her supervisor, thus leaving the facility inadequately staffed. The facts reveal that the Respondent did notify an appropriate person and even though her absence worked a hardship on the management of the facility, it did not constitute unprofessional conduct on the part of the Respondent.
Recommendation It is recommended that the license of the Respondent, Ollie Mae Williams, L.P.N., be suspended for a period of one (1) year on the basis of these events which transpired on October 8, 1978, pertaining to the charting errors. It is further recommended that the action under Count II of the Administrative Complaint pertaining to the events of October 21, 1978, be dismissed. DONE AND ENTERED this 11th day of May, 1979, in Tallahassee, Florida. CHARLES C. ADAMS, Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings Room 101, Collins Building Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-9675 COPIES FURNISHED: Julius Finegold, Esquire 1107 Blackstone Building 233 East Bay Street Jacksonville, Florida 32202 Ollie Mae Williams, L.P.N. 2125 West 39th Street Jacksonville, Florida 32209 Geraldine B. Johnson, R.N. Florida State Board of Nursing Richard P. Daniel State Building 111 East Coast Line Drive Jacksonville, Florida 32202 ================================================================= AGENCY FINAL ORDER ================================================================= BEFORE THE FLORIDA STATE BOARD OF NURSING IN THE MATTER OF: Ollie M. Ellis Williams 2125 W. 39th Street Jacksonville, Florida 32209 CASE NO. 79-113 As a Licensed Practical Nurse License Number 31453-1 /
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Professional Regulation, Board of Medical Examiners, enter a Final Order dismissing the charge of violation of Section 458.331(1)(aa), finding Manuel M. Fajardo, M.D., guilty of violating Section 458.331(1)(g), (n), (t), and (w), Florida Statutes, and Section 893.07, Florida Statutes, and suspending Manuel M. Fajardo's license to practice medicine for a period of six (6) months to be followed by a probationary period of two (2) years during which Fajardo shall be permitted to practice medicine and dispense drugs only under the supervision of another licensed physician, who shall supervise Fajardo's record keeping and drug prescription and dispensing practices. DONE and ORDERED this 13th day of June, 1986, in Tallahassee, Florida. DIANE K. KIESLING, Division of Administrative Hearings Hearing Officer The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 13th day of June, 1986. COPIES FURNISHED: David Bryant, Esquire 1107 East Jackson Street Suite 104 Tampa, Florida 33602 Michael I. Schwartz; Esquire 119 North Monroe Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Dorothy Faircloth Executive Director Department of Professional Regulation, Board of Medical Examiners 130 North Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Fred Roche Secretary Department of Professional Regulation 130 North Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Salvatore A. Carpino General Counsel 130 North Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301 APPENDIX The following constitutes my specific rulings pursuant to Section 120.59(2), Florida Statutes, on all proposed findings of fact submitted by the parties to this case. Rulings on Proposed Findings of Fact of Petitioner Proposed Finding of Fact 1 is adopted in substance as modified in Finding of Fact 1. Proposed Finding of Fact 4 is adopted in substance as modified in Finding of Fact 13. Proposed Finding of Fact 5 is adopted in substance as modified in Findings of Fact 3-12. Proposed Findings of Fact 2, 3, 6-10, and 12-14 are rejected as being argumentative and conclusory. Proposed Finding of Fact 11 is rejected as unnecessary. Rulings on Proposed Findings of Fact of Respondent. Proposed Finding of Fact 1 is adopted in substance as modified in Finding of Fact 1. Proposed Finding of Fact 6 is adopted in substance as modified in Finding of Fact 14, except that the last sentence is rejected as being argumentative and not supported by the competent; substantial and credible evidence. Proposed Findings of Fact 2 and 11 are rejected as unnecessary. Proposed Findings of Fact 3, 4, 5, 7-10 and 12-15 are rejected as not supported by the competent, substantial and credible evidence and as being subordinate to the facts found in the Recommended Order. Additionally, large portions of the proposed Findings of Fact are merely summaries of testimony and are not properly proposed findings.
The Issue The issues to be determined here concern disciplinary action to be taken against Respondent for those administrative offenses pertaining to the controlled substances Talwin, Dilaudid and Paregoric dispensed by Scottie Drug Store in Duval County, Florida, during the period April 2, 1981, to March 23, 1982, in violation of various provisions of Chapter 465, Florida Statutes. These contentions made by the State of Florida, Department of Professional Regulation, are more particularly described in the Administrative Complaint, DPR Case No. 0022147.
Findings Of Fact Howard E. Staats is a pharmacist who has been issued a license by the State of Florida, Department of Professional Regulation, Board of Pharmacy. The license number is 0007704. At times relevant to this proceeding, Staats practiced pharmacy in Jacksonville, Florida. At all times pertinent to the Administrative Complaint, which is the focus of this action, Staats was the managing pharmacist at American Apothecaries, Inc., which does business as Scottie Drug Store at 41 Arlington Road South, Jacksonville, Florida. A copy of Respondent's most recent license may be found as Petitioner's Exhibit No. 1, admitted into evidence. Petitioner's Exhibit No. 2, admitted into evidence, is a copy of the permit for American Apothecaries. Sometime within the period March 23, 1982, through March 29, 1982, an audit was conducted at the Scottie Drug Store. The audit revealed that in the period April 2, 1981, through March 23, 1982, the drug store had purchased 66,900 tablets of Talwin, 50 mg., had sold 29,373 tablets of that drug, had lost by robbery or theft, 1,000 tablets of the drug, leaving 36,527 tablets of Talwin unaccounted for. During that same audit period, the pharmacy purchased 4,000 tablets of Dilaudid, 4 mg., selling 3,025 tablets of that drug, losing by robbery or theft, 200 tablets of the drug and failing to account for 775 tablets of the drug. Finally, during the audit period, 2,064 ounces of Paregoric had been purchased and 699 ounces sold, with the remaining amount of 1,285 ounces being unaccounted for. See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 4. Talwin is a Schedule IV controlled substance within the meaning of Chapter 893, Florida Statutes. Dilaudid is a Schedule II controlled substance within the meaning of Chapter 893, Florida Statutes. Paregoric is a Schedule III controlled substance within the meaning of Chapter 893, Florida Statutes. The audit which was conducted at the Scottie Drug Store revealed numerous prescriptions for the controlled substance Talwin, 50 mg., written on prescription blanks of Drs. W. W. Shell, Jr., and L. T. McCarthy, Jr., which had allegedly been signed by those physicians, when in fact the patients for whom the prescriptions were written were unknown to the physicians and the signatures of the physicians were forgeries. Those prescriptions are depicted in Petitioner's Exhibit No. 5, admitted into evidence. During the period covered by the audit, it was shown that Staats filled a number of prescriptions for various patients for the controlled substance Talwin, which had been written on prescription pads of Methodist Hospital and Baptist Medical Center in Jacksonville, Florida, and signed by individuals who are not physicians having hospital privileges at those medical centers nor practicing as physicians in the Duval County area. Copies of those prescriptions may be found as Petitioner's Exhibit No. 6, admitted into evidence. In the course of the time sequence related to the audit review process, it was discovered that Staats had refilled numerous prescriptions for controlled substances on more occasions than had been authorized by physicians, namely prescription No. 51632 was refilled twice although the physician indicated there were to be no refills; prescription No. 51579 was refilled once although the prescription indicated there should be no refills; prescription No. 51639 was refilled twice although the prescription indicated there should be no refills; prescription No. 51217 was refilled once although the prescription indicated there should be no refills; prescription No. 51238 was refilled once although the prescription indicated that there should be no refills; prescription No. 53010 was refilled once although the prescription indicated that there should be no refills; prescription No. 53597 was refilled four (4) times although the prescription indicated that it should only be refilled once; prescription No. 53537 was refilled once although the prescription indicated that it should not be refilled; and prescription No. 53592 was refilled twice although the prescription indicated that there should be no refills. Petitioner's Exhibit No. 7, admitted into evidence, is copies of prescriptions spoken to in this paragraph. Respondent Staats had operated the Scottie store under a lease arrangement during 1979 and 1980, and in January of 1981, took a position as an active pharmacist in that store. After becoming the principal operating pharmacist in the Scottie store, Staats began to receive prescriptions from doctors Shell and McCarthy for the substance Talwin and when a prescription purportedly written by those physicians was in question, Staats would call the office of the physicians for confirmation, which at times would be given over the phone and at other times an indication was made that a call back from the physician's office to Staats would be necessary. Some of the indications of physicians' prescription authority of the substances in question would be placed on a separate log and not on the back of the prescription and on other occasions, the note of the prescription information would be placed on the back of the prescription form and not in the log. Normally, this information would be reflected both in the log and on the back of the prescription. There were occasional circumstances in which the authority was not stated in either place. At approximately the same time as was covered by the audit, Staats began to ask for identification from customers who were seeking prescriptions for Talwin and noted that the demand for that substance declined with the advent of the request for identification. Staats posted a notice in the window of the pharmacy to the effect that state law imposed a fine of $5,000.00 or might cause incarceration for five (5) years for presenting forged prescriptions or conspiring or agreeing with another to have a forged prescription filled. On two (2) occasions Staats called law enforcement officials on a circumstance involving suspect prescriptions and those persons were apprehended. (Poor record keeping and mistakes in estimating the amount of losses due to a robbery and a larceny which occurred in the period covered by the audit contributed to the unaccounted for controlled substances, but those matters of record keeping and theft reports would cause only a slight differential in the disparity, as opposed to explaining the whereabouts of a substantial portion of the missing controlled substances.) Beginning on March 25, 1982, Staats began to keep a daily inventory log on the substance Talwin and a number of other controlled substances. A copy of that log may be found as Respondent's Exhibit No. 9, admitted into evidence. In addition, certain out-of-date and otherwise undesirable controlled substances, Schedules II, III and IV, have been removed from inventory and turned over to appropriate authorities for destruction.
The Issue The issues to be determined here concern disciplinary action to be taken against Respondent for those administrative offenses pertaining to the controlled substances Talwin, Dilaudid and Paregoric dispensed by Scottie Drug Store in Duval County, Florida, during the period April 2, 1981, to March 23, 1982, in violation of various provisions of Chapter 465, Florida Statutes. These contentions made by the State of Florida, Department of Professional Regulation, are more particularly described in the Administrative Complaint, DPR Case No. 0022146.
Findings Of Fact Howard E. Staats is a pharmacist who has been issued a license by the State of Florida, Department of Professional Regulation, Board of Pharmacy. The license number is 0007704. At times relevant to this proceeding, Staats, practiced pharmacy in Jacksonville, Florida. At all times pertinent to the Administrative Complaint, which is the focus of this action, Staats was the managing pharmacist at American Apothecaries, Inc., which does business as Scottie Drug Store at 41 Arlington Road South, Jacksonville, Florida. A copy of Respondent's most recent license may be found as Petitioner's Exhibit No. 1, admitted into evidence. Petitioner's Exhibit No. 2, admitted into evidence, is a copy of the permit for American Apothecaries. Sometime within the period March 23, 1982, through March 29, 1982, an audit was conducted at the Scottie Drug Store. The audit revealed that in the period April 2, 1981, through March 23, 1982, the drug store had purchased 66,900 tablets of Talwin, 50 mg., had sold 29,373 tablets of that drug, had lost by robbery or theft, 1,000 tablets of the drug, leaving 36,527 tablets of Talwin unaccounted for. During that same audit period, the pharmacy purchased 4,000 tablets of Dilaudid, 4 mg., selling 3,025 tablets of that drug, losing by robbery or theft, 200 tablets of the drug and failing to account for 775 tablets of the drug. Finally, during the audit period, 2,064 ounces of Paregoric had been purchased and 699 ounces sold, with the remaining amount of 1,285 ounces being unaccounted for. See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 4. Talwin is a Schedule IV controlled substance within the meaning of Chapter 893, Florida Statutes. Dilaudid is a Schedule II controlled substance within the meaning of Chapter 893, Florida Statutes. Paregoric is a Schedule III controlled substance within the meaning of Chapter 893, Florida Statutes. The audit which was conducted at the Scottie Drug Store revealed numerous prescriptions for the controlled substance Talwin, 50 mg., written on prescription blanks of Drs. W. W. Shell, Jr., and L. T. McCarthy, Jr., which had allegedly been signed by those physicians, when in fact the patients for whom the prescriptions were written were unknown to the physicians and the signatures of the physicians were forgeries. Those prescriptions are depicted in Petitioner's Exhibit No. 5, admitted into evidence. During the period covered by the audit, it was shown that Staats filled a number of prescriptions for various patients for the controlled substance Talwin, which had been written on prescription pads of Methodist Hospital and Baptist Medical Center in Jacksonville, Florida, and signed by individuals who are not physicians having hospital privileges at those medical centers nor practicing as physicians in the Duval County area. Copies of those prescriptions may be found as Petitioner's Exhibit No. 6, admitted into evidence. In the course of the time sequence related to the audit review process, it was discovered that Staats had refilled numerous prescriptions for controlled substances on more occasions than had been authorized by physicians, namely prescription No. 51632 was refilled twice although the physician indicated there were to be no refills; prescription No. 51579 was refilled once although the prescription indicated there should be no refills; prescription No. 51639 was refilled twice although the prescription indicated there should be no refills; prescription No. 51217 was refilled once although the prescription indicated there should be no refills; prescription No. 51238 was refilled once although the prescription indicated that there should be no refills; prescription No. 53010 was refilled once although the prescription indicated that there should be no refills; prescription No. 53597 was refilled four (4) times although the prescription indicated that it should only be refilled once; prescription No. 53537 was refilled once although the prescription indicated that it should not be refilled; and prescription No. 53592 was refilled twice although the prescription indicated that there should be no refills. Petitioner's Exhibit No. 7, admitted into evidence, is copies of prescriptions spoken to in this paragraph. Respondent Staats had operated the Scottie store under a lease arrangement during 1979 and 1980, and in January of 1981, took a position as an active pharmacist in that store. After becoming the principal operating pharmacist in the Scottie store, Staats began to receive prescriptions from doctors Shell and McCarthy for the substance Talwin and when a prescription purportedly written by those physicians was in question, Staats would call the office of the physicians for confirmation, which at times would be given over the phone and at other times an indication was made that a call back from the physician's office to Staats would be necessary. Some of the indications of physicians' prescription authority of the substances in question would be placed on a separate log and not on the back of the prescription and on other occasions, the note of the prescription information would be placed on the back of the prescription form and not in the log. Normally, this information would be reflected both in the log and on the back of the prescription. There were occasional circumstances in which the authority was not stated in either place. At approximately the same time as was covered by the audit, Staats began to ask for identification from customers who were seeking prescriptions for Talwin and noted that the demand for that substance declined with the advent of the request for identification. Staats posted a notice in the window of the pharmacy to the effect that state law imposed a fine of $5,000.00 or might cause incarceration for five (5) years for presenting forged prescriptions or conspiring or agreeing with another to have a forged prescription filled. On two (2) occasions Staats called law enforcement officials on a circumstance involving suspect prescriptions and those persons were apprehended. (Poor record keeping and mistakes in estimating the amount of losses due to a robbery and a larceny which occurred in the period covered by the audit contributed to the unaccounted for controlled substances, but those matters of record keeping and theft reports would cause only a slight differential in the disparity, as opposed to explaining the whereabouts of a substantial portion of the missing controlled substances.) Beginning on March 25, 1982, Staats began to keep a daily inventory log on the substance Talwin and a number of other controlled substances. A copy of that log may be found as Respondent's Exhibit No. 9, admitted into evidence. In addition, certain out-of-date and otherwise undesirable controlled substances, Schedules II, III and IV, have been removed from inventory and turned over to appropriate authorities for destruction.
Recommendation That a final order be entered placing Respondent Staats on probation for a period of two (2) years, with a special requirement that Staats attend continuing education courses dealing with the proper methods for prescribing controlled substances and to the extent possible, courses which emphasize the detrimental effect to the public when those controlled substances are abused and requiring that Respondent work under the supervision of another pharmacist for the first six (6) months of his probationary period. DONE and ENTERED this 17th day of November, 1982, in Tallahassee, Florida. CHARLES C. ADAMS Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 17th day of November, 1982.
