Elawyers Elawyers
Ohio| Change
Find Similar Cases by Filters
You can browse Case Laws by Courts, or by your need.
Find 48 similar cases
DEPARTMENT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT, CRIMINAL JUSTICE STANDARDS AND TRAINING COMMISSION vs FAYE E. WRIGHT-SIMPSON, 05-002167PL (2005)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Filed:Lauderdale Lakes, Florida Jun. 15, 2005 Number: 05-002167PL Latest Update: Feb. 20, 2006

The Issue The issue is whether Respondent is guilty of failing to maintain good moral character, in violation of Section 943.1395(7), Florida Statutes, and, if so, what penalty should be imposed.

Findings Of Fact Petitioner certified Respondent as a correctional probation officer on February 1, 1991, and as a criminal justice training instructor on December 7, 1999. Her respective certificate numbers are 20851 and 205697. Respondent was first employed by the Department of Corrections (DOC) on August 10, 1990. She was employed as a correctional probation officer. As a result of promotions, Respondent became a DOC Correctional Probation Specialist in February 1995, so that she was responsible for, among other things, various administrative duties, such as handling citizens' complaints of employee misconduct and coordinating training events. In April 2001, Respondent filed a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, alleging that DOC forced her to work in a hostile environment. On February 15, 2002, Respondent, alleging the same facts, commenced a legal action against DOC in the United States District Court, Southern District of Florida, Case No. 02-60236-CIV. As part of the federal litigation, DOC filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing, in part, that Respondent's complaint failed to claim damages. In response, on March 28, 2003, Respondent, representing herself, filed a lengthy affidavit, to which she personally attested. In the affidavit, Respondent swore to the following statement: I requested assistance from management [following the departure of the other Correctional Probation Specialist from Respondent's office and DOC's failure to fill the empty position], but they refused to assign another Specialist to the office to assist me. As a result I had to work an average of five hours per week extra in overtime without pay to properly supervise this caseload to prevent from being reprimanded, suspended or terminated by [DOC]. I was not paid for this time. The evidence is clear that Respondent did not work overtime, with or without pay. The Correctional Probation Supervisor who directly supervised Respondent at the time testified at the hearing. Obviously not hostile to Respondent, the supervisor testified definitively that during the relevant period in the affidavit--March 2, 2001 through May 9, 2002--she was intimately familiar with Respondent's work, including her itinerary and travel logs. The supervisor testified that Respondent incurred no overtime whatsoever during this period, and this testimony is credited in its entirety. Respondent's sworn statement in the affidavit is false and was false at the time that Respondent made it. Respondent's sole purpose in making this false statement was to deceive the court and show an element of damages that did not, in fact, exist. DOC terminated Respondent on August 1, 2003. She has not since worked in a job that requires certification from Petitioner.

Recommendation It is RECOMMENDED that the Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission enter a final order suspending Respondent's certificates as a correctional probation officer and criminal justice training instructor for one year retroactive to August 2, 2003; placing these certificates on probation for two years from the date of the final order; and requiring Respondent to attend an ethics course approved by Petitioner. DONE AND ENTERED this 18th day of January, 2006, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S ROBERT E. MEALE Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 18th day of January, 2006. COPIES FURNISHED: Michael Ramage, General Counsel Florida Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 Joseph S. White Florida Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 Faye E. Wright-Simpson

Florida Laws (7) 120.569120.57838.022943.12943.13943.1395943.14
# 1
ORANGE COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD vs MARIA GARRISON, 09-006719TTS (2009)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Filed:Orlando, Florida Dec. 09, 2009 Number: 09-006719TTS Latest Update: Aug. 23, 2010

The Issue The issues are whether Petitioner has just cause, within the meaning of Subsection 1012.33(1)(a), Florida Statutes (2007),1 to terminate Respondent’s professional service contract as an instructional employee, and, if so, whether termination of the contract is reasonable under the facts and circumstances of this case.

Findings Of Fact Petitioner employed Respondent as a classroom teacher from some time in 1998 until September 8, 2009, pursuant to a professional service contract. Petitioner relieved Respondent from the duties of her employment without pay on September 8, 2009. On September 21, 2009, Petitioner filed an Administrative Complaint against Respondent. Most of the material facts in the Administrative Complaint are undisputed. On December 12, 1999, Respondent was arrested for cocaine possession, a third-degree felony, and narcotic equipment possession, a first-degree misdemeanor. Respondent successfully completed a pretrial diversion program, and the charges were nolle prossed and expunged. Respondent did not report the criminal matter to Petitioner. The failure to report the criminal matter violated the self-reporting requirements in Management Directive A-10, Guidelines on Self-Reporting of Arrest and Convictions by Employees (the self-reporting requirements). On July 10, 2000, Respondent was arrested for driving under the influence (DUI), which was a first conviction. Respondent pled nolo contendere to a reduced charge of reckless driving and entered and successfully completed a pretrial diversion program. Respondent did not report the DUI matter to Petitioner. The failure to report the DUI matter violated applicable self- reporting requirements. On June 18, 2002, Respondent was arrested on a misdemeanor battery charge. The alleged victim dropped the charge, but Respondent did not report the incident to Petitioner in violation of the applicable self-reporting requirements. On July 6, 2006, Respondent violated Petitioner's Drug Free Workplace Policy by reporting to work at Rolling Hills Elementary School under the influence of alcohol. On July 9, 2006, Respondent entered into an agreement with Petitioner identified in the record as a Last Chance Agreement. The Last Chance Agreement was in effect for the 2006- 2007 and 2007-2008 school years. The Last Chance Agreement provides, in relevant part, that if justifiable grounds of discipline, rising to the level of a written reprimand or dismissal, occur during the school year, Respondent shall forfeit her right to be employed by Petitioner, and the Last Chance Agreement shall constitute a voluntary resignation from employment. The 2007-2008 school year ended on June 6, 2008. On May 30, 2008, Respondent failed to disclose on the renewal application for her Florida Educator's Certificate the expunged criminal record, pretrial diversion program, and plea of nolo contendere previously discussed. Respondent checked "no" to the following question: Have you ever had any record sealed or expunged in which you were convicted, found guilty, had adjudication withheld, entered a pretrial diversion program or pled guilty or nolo contendere (no contest) to a criminal offense other than a minor traffic violation (DUI is not a minor traffic violation)? On March 20, 2009, the Education Practices Commission imposed several penalties against Respondent's teaching certificate for the violations that occurred during the 2007- 2008 school year. The Commission issued a written reprimand, imposed administrative fines in undisclosed amounts, and placed Respondent on two years’ probation. The disputed issue is whether Respondent's failure to disclose her criminal history on the renewal application for her Florida Educator's Certificate was intentional. Respondent claims the failure was not intentional, but was induced by post- traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS) caused by two statutory rapes that occurred when Respondent was 13 and 15 years old. When Respondent was 13 years old, a man who was approximately 33 years old "took her virginity." Respondent had an abortion, experienced a great deal of shame and guilt, and began self-medicating with alcohol and drugs. When Respondent was 15 years old, one of Respondent's high school teachers molested her. Respondent again experienced guilt and shame, did not disclose the incident, and continued using alcohol and drugs. Respondent presented expert testimony concerning the effects of PTSS. The expert testimony concludes that PTSS could have caused Respondent to drink excessively and fail to disclose her criminal history on the renewal application for her Florida Educator's Certificate. However, the expert testimony fell short of concluding that PTSS in fact induced Respondent to fail to disclose the criminal history on her application. Respondent's own testimony is that she had five or six glasses of wine the night she completed the application. Respondent completed the application without giving it much thought. On balance, a preponderance of the evidence does not support a finding that PTSS caused Respondent to fail to disclose her criminal history on the renewal application for her Florida Educator's Certificate. Several mitigating facts support a penalty less than termination of the professional service contract. The non- disclosure of facts was a harmless error to Petitioner. Petitioner had actual prior knowledge of all of the facts that Petitioner complains Respondent omitted from the application. The state licensing authority has knowledge of the non-disclosed facts. Respondent has already been disciplined for non-disclosure to the state licensing authority. When the Last Chance Agreement was entered into in 2006, Respondent was incorrectly diagnosed and treated for bipolar disorder. The treatment for bipolar disorder was ineffective during the term of the Last Chance Agreement. Respondent has been alcohol-free since September 2008, when she placed herself in a residential alcohol treatment program in Clearwater, Florida. Beginning in the early part of 2010, Respondent has been correctly diagnosed and treated for PTSS by Joseph L. Trim, Ed.D, a licensed mental health counselor and addiction specialist. That diagnosis and treatment appears to be effective for Respondent. Based on the testimony of the school principal who testified for Respondent, Respondent is an experienced and competent teacher who has not lost her effectiveness in the classroom. For each school year from 1998-1999 through 2004- 2005, Petitioner evaluated Respondent as effective in the classroom. Respondent has already received a reasonable penalty for violating the Last Chance Agreement, when Respondent was improperly diagnosed and treated for bipolar disorder. Petitioner has suspended Respondent from her employment without pay from September 8, 2009, to the present.

Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Orange County School Board enter a final order reinstating Respondent's employment with her current principal, requiring Respondent to continue her current therapy with Dr. Trim, requiring Respondent to submit to random drug screening, and extending the term of the Last Chance Agreement for another two years. DONE AND ENTERED this 23rd day of July, 2010, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S DANIEL MANRY Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 23rd day of July, 2010.

Florida Laws (2) 1012.33120.569
# 2
DEPARTMENT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT, CRIMINAL JUSTICE STANDARDS AND TRAINING COMMISSION vs JERRY P. SHIPMAN, 01-001525PL (2001)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Filed:Naples, Florida Apr. 23, 2001 Number: 01-001525PL Latest Update: Nov. 07, 2001

The Issue The issues in the case are whether the allegations set forth in the Administrative Complaint filed against the Respondent are correct and, if so, what penalty should be imposed.

Findings Of Fact The Petitioner is the state agency charged with the responsibility for certification of Correctional Officers within the State of Florida. The Respondent is employed as a Correctional Officer at the Hendry County Correctional Institution. On December 25, 1998, the Respondent worked an 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. shift as a Correctional Officer. After leaving his shift, the Respondent went home, showered, ate dinner, gathered Christmas gifts for his brother's family, and left the house with his wife. He took his wife to the "Eagles" club and returned to his house to take his wife's children to their father's house. He then drove to his brother's house, about an hour from the Respondent's home, where he visited and exchanged gifts. At about 11:00 p.m., the Respondent departed from his brother's house and went to the "Eagles" club, where he learned his wife had gone to the "Moon Cricket" bar. The Respondent proceeded on to the bar where he met his wife and friends. While at the bar, the Respondent consumed an indeterminate quantity of beer in the two hours remaining until closing time. The bar is small, and a "party" atmosphere prevailed. Apparently beverage orders were not taken, rather the bar's owner (a friend of the Respondent's) repeatedly brought bottled beers to the table. It is not possible to quantify the Respondent's consumption in a credible manner. When the bar closed shortly after 2:00 a.m. on December 26, 1998, the Respondent collected his wife, who was admittedly intoxicated, along with additional quantities of beer, and began to drive home. At approximately 2:30 a.m. on December 26, 1998, the Respondent was observed by Collier County Sheriff Deputy Tom Amey to be driving without headlights. Deputy Amey has completed substantial training in detection of persons driving under the influence of alcohol or other substances and in conducting field sobriety evaluation. At the time of initial observation, the Respondent's truck was stopped at an intersection facing towards Deputy Amey's vehicle. Deputy Amey flashed his headlights apparently to remind the Respondent to turn on the headlights, but got no response from the Respondent. When the Respondent proceeded through the intersection without headlights, Deputy Amey turned his vehicle around, followed, and then stopped the Respondent. After approaching the Respondent's vehicle, Deputy Amey asked for the Respondent's license and registration. The Respondent responded very slowly and deliberately to the deputy's instructions, fumbling with his wallet as he removed the documents. Deputy Amey observed that the Respondent's eyes were "glassy" and "bloodshot" and that there was a "moderate odor” of alcohol present. Deputy Amey also observed "cool, fresh" beer located on the front floorboard and the rear floorboard of the Respondent's extended cab truck. Deputy Amey asked the Respondent to exit the truck and the Respondent did so slowly. While talking to the Respondent, Deputy Amey observed that the Respondent's speech was slightly slurred and "thick-tongued." Deputy Amey asked the Respondent to submit to a field sobriety exercise. The Respondent stated that his knee prevented him from completing the physical tests. Deputy Amey administered the "horizontal gaze nystagmus" (HGN) test. Nystagmus is an involuntary eye motion (described as a "jerkiness") typically exhibited by persons under the influence of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants. The HGN test is a standard part of the field sobriety evaluation. An HGN test permits the observation of the level of "jerkiness" in a person's eyes. Normally, a person's eyes appear to move smoothly. Under the influence of alcohol or other substances, a person's ability to control eye movement is diminished, and a "jerky" motion is observable. Deputy Amey has received specific training related to administration of the HGN test. Upon observing the Respondent's eye movement during the test, Deputy Amey reported that the onset of the Respondent's nystagmus was "almost immediate" and "very distinct." Based on the deputy's observation, the Respondent was placed under arrest for driving under the influence and was transported to the "stockade" in Immokalee, Florida.

Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is recommended that the Department of Law Enforcement, Criminal Justice Standards Training Commission, enter a Final Order imposing a one-year probationary period and requiring such counseling as the Department deems appropriate. DONE AND ENTERED this 28th day of September, 2001, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. WILLIAM F. QUATTLEBAUM Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 28th day of September, 2001. COPIES FURNISHED: H. R. Bishop, Jr., Esquire Florida Police Benevolent Association, Inc. 300 East Brevard Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Gabrielle Taylor, Esquire Florida Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32303-1489 Michael Ramage, General Counsel Florida Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 Rod Caswell, Program Director Criminal Justice Professionalism Services Florida Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302

Florida Laws (4) 120.57316.193943.13943.1395
# 3
PINELLAS COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD vs QUAN R. BROWN, 11-003380TTS (2011)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Filed:Largo, Florida Jul. 11, 2011 Number: 11-003380TTS Latest Update: Jan. 12, 2012

The Issue The issue in this case is whether Petitioner has just cause to terminate Respondent's employment.

Findings Of Fact Mr. Brown has been employed by the School Board since September 5, 2000, working in various maintenance positions. In 2004, he took the position of "night lead" at Fairmont Park Elementary School, in which he was responsible for supervising the night cleaning and maintenance crew at the school. On February 8, 2010, Mr. Brown was arrested by an officer with the St. Petersburg Police Department and charged with two felony counts, one for sale of cocaine and one for possession of cocaine. The same charges were set forth in a Felony Information filed by the state attorney for Pinellas County on March 17, 2010. Mr. Brown self-reported the arrest and charges to the OPS. Based on that information, he was transferred from his position at an elementary school setting to a similar position at a non-student site that was a warehouse, while the charges worked their way through the criminal justice system. However, after Respondent was called to a meeting at OPS and he refused to answer any questions regarding the investigation, the decision was made to proceed with disciplinary action, even though the criminal case was still pending. The superintendent issued a letter on October 19, 2010, notifying Respondent of the decision to recommend termination of his employment at the November 9, 2010, School Board meeting, unless Respondent requested an administrative hearing, in which case the recommendation would be to suspend Respondent without pay pending the conclusion of the administrative hearing process. As stated in the agenda item attached to the letter, which served as the administrative complaint, the basis for the recommended action was that Mr. Brown had been arrested and charged with sale of cocaine and possession of cocaine, both felonies. The OPS obtained copies of the police reports describing the circumstances of the arrest and made the determination that Mr. Brown violated the following provisions of School Board Policy 4140 (Policy 4140): A.2.a. (illegal possession or use of drugs, or being under the influence of illegal drugs, while on or off duty); A.2.b. (illegal sale of drugs whether on or off duty); A.2.c. (possession, use, or being under the influence of illegal drugs while off duty); A.3. (committing or conviction of a criminal act--felony); A.21 (conduct unbecoming a board employee that brings the district into disrepute or that disrupts the orderly process of the district); and A.22. (misconduct or misconduct in office). On November 9, 2010, the School Board adopted the superintendent's recommendation. Because of Mr. Brown's request for an administrative hearing, he was suspended without pay pending the outcome of this hearing process. The circumstances leading to Mr. Brown's arrest, as described in police reports considered by OPS in its investigation, were described, in large part, at the final hearing by Officer Doug Dilla. Officer Dilla is currently employed in the uniform service division of the St. Petersburg Police Department. However, from early 2008 until recently in 2011, he was in the narcotics and vice division. At some point in 2008, he began working as an undercover agent. He obtained information from a confidential informant, whom he believed to be reliable, that the confidential informant had purchased narcotics from Respondent. The confidential informant gave Officer Dilla Respondent's name and address. Officer Dilla conducted surveillance at Respondent's address, where he recorded the license tag numbers from cars parked there. His trace of those tag numbers identified members of Respondent's family, including a silver Nissan Altima registered in Respondent's mother's name. Officer Dilla also was able to retrieve a photograph of Respondent through drivers' license records and had the confidential informant positively identify Respondent as the person from whom he had purchased narcotics, whom he knew as "Quan." On August 4, 2008, Officer Dilla arranged for the confidential informant to join him and, while they were together, to contact Respondent and try to arrange a purchase of powder cocaine from Mr. Brown. Officer Dilla picked up the confidential informant and they parked at a gas station, where the confidential informant called Mr. Brown on his cell phone number. The cell phone number called by the confidential informant is admittedly Mr. Brown's; the number, in the police report prepared by Officer Dilla, is the same as Mr. Brown's phone number on file with the School Board. In the phone conversation, the confidential informant told the person on the line that he wanted two "sacks" or two "50s," to indicate two small bags of powder cocaine and to meet him and the person with him, who wanted to make the purchase, at a Hess station located a few blocks from where Mr. Brown lived. Within 20 minutes of that phone call, the silver Nissan Altima registered to Respondent's mother pulled into the station and parked over by the car vacuum machine. Officer Dilla and the confidential informant got out of the car and approached Respondent in the Nissan Altima. Respondent got out of his car and walked around to the passenger door, and Officer Dilla met Respondent by the passenger door. Respondent gestured to the front passenger seat and said, "go ahead and take it." There were two small zip-lock baggies of white powder which Officer Dilla believed to be powder cocaine. He reached in and got the two baggies and gave Respondent $100. Respondent got back in his car and drove away. Officer Dilla put the baggies in his pocket, then drove away with the confidential informant, dropped him off, and then proceeded back to the police department. Back at the police department, Officer Dilla performed a field test on the powder in the baggies. He identified the field test as the Scott Reagent Modified System Test Kit "G," and he described how the test was performed. The results were "presumptively positive" for powder cocaine. After conducting the field test, Officer Dilla weighed the baggies, deposited them in a heat-sealed evidence bag, and secured them in a locked evidence locker. According to Officer Dilla, the material was then sent off to a lab for further confirmatory testing. However, Officer Dilla did not testify that he personally removed the material from the evidence locker and delivered it to the lab. According to Officer Dilla's police report, after he deposited the evidence in an evidence locker, he took no further action. While a better predicate could have been laid for the extent of Officer Dilla's experience or training in administering field tests generally and the specific field test he used, there was no objection to Officer Dilla's testimony regarding the field test results, which he described with confidence and without hesitancy. Respondent denied many of the details to which Officer Dilla testified, but there were some details he could not deny. Respondent acknowledged that it was his cell phone number that was written in the police report, which was prepared by Officer Dilla two days after the purchase. Respondent testified that many people know his phone number and perhaps someone who had been "busted" by Officer Dilla gave the officer his phone number for some reason. Respondent then testified that it must have come from the confidential informant, but Respondent could not explain why the confidential informant would have given the officer Respondent's phone number. Respondent also admitted that he drove his mother's silver Nissan Altima. He claimed that the officer must have gotten the tag number and the car description because he goes to that Hess station "every day" and that he was probably there on the day in question to buy gas. Respondent, therefore, admitted two key components of Officer Dilla's testimony and police report: that the telephone number that Officer Dilla said was called by the confidential informant to arrange a drug purchase was Respondent's phone number; and that Respondent did drive the silver Nissan Altima to the Hess station on the day in question. Having admitted that much, Respondent failed to explain the rest of Officer Dilla's testimony. Respondent said that Officer Dilla made up the story, that it was a case of mistaken identity. Yet neither the phone number, nor the vehicle's presence was a case of mistaken identity. It would be necessary to conclude that Officer Dilla intentionally fabricated every detail, except for the phone number and the vehicle in order to falsely accuse Respondent of selling him cocaine. Respondent offered no reason, much less a credible reason, why Officer Dilla would fabricate the details of his report. The greater weight of the credible evidence does not support a finding of any fabrication. The undersigned accepts Officer Dilla's more credible version of the events of August 4, 2008. Respondent came quickly to the Hess station after receiving a telephone call from someone saying that he had someone who wanted to buy two "50s"--two baggies of powder cocaine. Respondent complied by selling two baggies of white powder for $50 each, for a total of $100. Based on the totality of the evidence, including Officer Dilla's clear, credible testimony regarding the details of the arrangements made for him to purchase cocaine from Respondent, his actual purchase of white powder from Respondent for $100 and the results of the field test that were presumptively positive for powder cocaine, the undersigned finds that it is more likely than not that the white powder that Respondent sold to Officer Dilla was, in fact, powder cocaine. The School Board sought to buttress its evidence regarding the substance that was sold to Officer Dilla by attempting to establish that the same two baggies of powder were later tested by the Pinellas County Forensic Laboratory and that the results confirmed that the substance was, in fact, cocaine. However, no chain of custody evidence was offered to establish that the substance tested by the lab was, in fact, the two baggies of white powder purchased from Respondent and secured by Officer Dilla in a locker after he completed his field test. The lab analysis evidence was even more attenuated from Officer Dilla's purchase because what purported to be the substance purchased from Respondent was tested once in 2008 at the lab, and then retested in 2010; however, only the 2010 reanalysis and results were sufficiently supported by testimony of the lab director who conducted reanalysis and prepared the lab report and back-up work papers admitted in evidence. The original 2008 test was done by a lab technician who moved out of state, and there was no witness who could testify from personal knowledge of what tests were done or how the report was prepared in 2008. Accordingly, as explained in Endnote 2, the 2008 lab report was not admitted in evidence. No chain of custody evidence was offered to trace the apparent movement of the two baggies of powder purchased by Officer Dilla from the evidence locker to the lab in 2008, from the lab in 2008 to one or more unidentified holding places for a two-year period, then back to lab in 2010 for reanalysis. The evidence established that the substance in two baggies delivered to the lab in 2010 for testing did, in fact, test conclusively positive for cocaine. The credentials and expertise of the lab director and the reliability of her methodologies used to test the substance three different ways, each test corroborating the other tests and increasing the reliability of the outcome, were established and accepted. However, the School Board failed to prove that the two baggies of powder tested in 2010 were, in fact, the same two baggies of powder that Officer Dilla purchased from Respondent two years earlier and locked in a locker after conducting the field test. Therefore, the undersigned cannot make a finding that the white powder purchased from Respondent was conclusively cocaine, beyond any reasonable doubt and to the exclusion of any other substance. However, the totality of the credible evidence meets a lower threshold of proof, establishing as explained above, that the white powder obtained from Respondent was more likely than not cocaine. Officer Dilla credibly explained the lapse in time between his purchase of cocaine from Respondent and Respondent's arrest. After making the purchase, Officer Dilla's intent was to try to make additional purchases to increase the total weight of the drugs purchased so as to reach a quantity that would constitute the more serious offense of trafficking. However, he was called off of that matter to work on a larger-scale investigation. Therefore, he prepared a probable cause packet on the case so that the results of his investigation could be utilized, alone or in conjunction with additional information, to bring charges against Respondent, because Officer Dilla believed that there was sufficient evidence to arrest Respondent and charge him. Respondent's criminal case was set for trial several different times with witnesses subpoenaed by the state, but Respondent's attorney successfully moved for continuances four times. In May 2011, the matter was finally resolved without a trial, by a plea agreement whereby Respondent pled guilty to two counts of possessing drugs without a prescription, second-degree misdemeanors, in exchange for the prosecution amending the information to drop the original charges of possession and sale of cocaine, both felonies, and change the charges to two misdemeanor counts of possessing drugs without a prescription. Respondent's employment record was summarized in the evidence. Apparently, up until 2008, his record with the School Board was unblemished. On March 5, 2008, Respondent received a "needs improvement" evaluation based on attendance. Respondent received another "needs improvement" evaluation the next year, this time based on quality of work. Also during this same timeframe, on November 14, 2008, Respondent received a reprimand from the principal of the elementary school for "misconduct in office." No details of this disciplinary incident were provided, but Respondent did not dispute that he had received the reprimand for misconduct in office that is noted in evidence in the summary of his employment record.

Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is hereby: RECOMMENDED that Petitioner, Pinellas County School Board, enter a final order terminating the employment of Respondent, Quan R. Brown. DONE AND ENTERED this 29th day of November, 2011, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S ELIZABETH W. MCARTHUR Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 29th day of November, 2011.

Florida Laws (7) 1001.321012.221012.271012.331012.40120.57120.65
# 4
KUTINA MCLEOD vs DEPARTMENT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT, 02-002726 (2002)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Filed:Key West, Florida Jul. 09, 2002 Number: 02-002726 Latest Update: Oct. 30, 2002

The Issue Whether the Petitioner, Kutina McLeod, should have received credit for answers provided on the examination for the State Officers Certification Examination for Correctional Officers (the exam).

Findings Of Fact The Petitioner is an applicant for certification as a correctional officer. The Respondent is the state agency charged with the responsibility of certifying correctional officers. As such, it must administer the examinations used to assure competency for certification. The examination at issue in this proceeding is known as the State Officers Certification Examination for Correctional Officers. It is a multiple-choice test that is scored by marking the best of the proposed answers. Only one of the proposed answers is deemed correct. As to this Petitioner, four questions were challenged that the Petitioner did not receive credit for on the exam. As to each challenged question, the Petitioner felt her answer should have received credit. All of the questions challenged by the Petitioner were taken almost verbatim from the exam's course materials. The Petitioner attended the course and was instructed as to each of the challenged matters. The instruction did not deviate from the language that later appeared on the exam. None of the challenged questions proved to be statistically invalid by virtue of the number of wrong answers provided to the question. In fact, as to one of the Petitioner's challenged questions, 88 percent of the persons tested responded accurately. Only 5 percent of the persons tested gave the answer that the Petitioner provided. The Petitioner's confusion as to the answers she provided was probably influenced by her experiences as an officer within a jail setting. The Petitioner provided answers based on the totality of her experience and not just the material covered in the instructional course. None of the Petitioner's answers, however, were more correct than those set forth by the Respondent.

Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Law Enforcement, Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission, enter a Final Order dismissing the Petitioner's challenge to the exam. DONE AND ENTERED this 30th day of October, 2002, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. ___________________________________ J. D. PARRISH Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 30th day of October, 2002. COPIES FURNISHED: Grace A. Jaye, Esquire Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302-1489 Kutina McLeod 309 Julia Street Key West, Florida 33040 Michael Ramage, General Counsel Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 James T. Moore, Commissioner Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302

Florida Laws (2) 120.57943.1397
# 5
JIM HORNE, AS COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION vs VICKIE B. TAYLOR, 03-001596PL (2003)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Filed:Ocala, Florida May 01, 2003 Number: 03-001596PL Latest Update: Dec. 23, 2003

The Issue Should Petitioner impose discipline on Respondent's Florida Educator's Certificate No. 812381, based upon the allegations in the Administrative Complaint, Case No. 001- 1695-A, before the State of Florida, Education Practices Commission?

Findings Of Fact Respondent holds Florida Educator's Certificate No. 812381. As of April 11, 2001, Respondent taught at Dunnellon High School where her daughter was enrolled as a student. Her daughter is Valarie Baumgardner. On April 11, 2001, Respondent and her daughter, Valarie Baumgardner were at home. The daughter was on the telephone talking to her former boyfriend. The topic of their discussion was sex. This discussion was overheard by Respondent. As a consequence, Respondent made unflattering remarks to her daughter, to include calling the daughter a "slut." The television was on in the room where the daughter and Respondent were located at the moment. Respondent took the remote control device for the television and started hitting her daughter on the leg with it. Respondent had been drinking, so much so, that the daughter believed that Respondent was drunk. Eventually, the daughter hung the telephone up and asked her mother what the mother was doing; Respondent did not answer. Respondent pushed her daughter a few times and started kicking her, slapping her and scratching her face. Respondent hit her daughter with a chair. Respondent pushed the daughter into the wall. The daughter fought back by grabbing her mother's hair, putting the mother on the ground and placing her knee on her mother to control the other combatant. The daughter suffered bruises in addition to the scratch on her face as a result of the altercation. The outcome of the physical confrontation left the daughter's eye bleeding in the corner. At one point in the exchange, Respondent had a cigarette and ashes from the cigarette burned the daughter on her arm. The daughter telephoned a friend to come to her aid. The friend's mother drove to the home where the altercation took place accompanied by the daughter's friend. Those persons took Respondent's daughter away from the home. The daughter, the daughter's friend, and the friend's mother went to a nearby home where a law enforcement official resided. The law enforcement official decided to contact the police about the matter. At the time of the incident Ms. Baumgartner was 16 years old. Respondent also called for law enforcement to be dispatched as a result of her encounter with the daughter. Deputy Steven Smolensky of the Citrus County Sheriff's Office responded to that call. He first went to the home where Ms. Baumgardner had been taken, having been told that Ms. Baumgardner was a possible suspect. When he arrived at that location, Deputy Baumgardner observed Ms. Baumgardner's injuries. Ms. Baumgardner told Deputy Smolensky that Respondent had caused those injuries. He observed redness around Ms. Baumgardner's left eye. She had two or three scratches going down the inside of her left elbow. A bruise was observed around the right knee, and there were little red dots in the left wrist area which Deputy Smolensky surmised had been caused by a cigarette. Ms. Baumgardner commented that those red dots were the result of Respondent's actions. Following the interview with Ms. Baumgardner, Deputy Smolensky contacted Respondent. Upon observing Respondent, he believed that she was extremely intoxicated by virtue of the smell about her person, her slurred speech, her wandering around her residence and her talking incoherently. Sometime during the investigation Respondent told Deputy Smolensky that her daughter was a "bitch" and that she was an "asshole" for trying to get Respondent in trouble. Deputy Smolensky did not observe any injuries to Respondent. Deputy Smolensky arrested Respondent for child abuse. Respondent replied that the deputy could not arrest her because she was a school teacher. Deputy Smolensky told Respondent that the Respondent "was in fact under arrest." Respondent sat on the floor, crossed her legs, crossed her arms and refused to get up. Respondent was instructed several times to get up. She finally complied. She was placed in handcuffs and put in a patrol vehicle. On the way to jail Respondent became violent to the extent of kicking the metal divider between the front and the back of the car in which she was being transported; screaming for Deputy Smolensky to hurry up and kill her; and kicking the floor board of the car. Respondent told Deputy Smolensky that he had caused her to lose everything, her job, her house, and her dog. Once at the sheriff's office jail facility, Respondent refused to get out of the patrol car and had to be removed forcibly. She physically braced herself in the car to keep from being removed from the car. She was pulled from the car through the efforts of Deputy Smolensky and officers at the jail where she had been taken. At the time Respondent was screaming and spitting at the jailers and lightly kicked one of the jail officers. Respondent was placed in the drunk tank at the jail and for a while banged on the door and screamed. Eventually she calmed down. As Ms. Baumgardner established, the incident between Respondent and her made the front page of a number of newspapers. Persons at school were aware of the incident to include teachers and the Vice-Principal. Respondent agrees that the event was "in all the newspapers." Teachers and other people approached Ms. Baumgardner. Ms. Baumgardner perceived that "nobody looked at me the same anymore" after the incident. After the incident Ms. Baumgardner did not want to go back to the school and asked to be removed from the school where Respondent was employed and the daughter attended. Following the incident with her daughter, Respondent moved from her home and took residence in a home where Cindy Davidson resided. In April 20, 2002, Respondent and Ms. Davidson had a physical altercation after Respondent had accused Ms. Davidson of stealing or killing her dog. During this fight Ms. Davidson was bitten on the hand by Respondent. As a result of their encounter, Ms. Davidson called for assistance from law enforcement. Deputy David Edward Gater of the Citrus County Sheriff's Office was dispatched to the scene. After the deputy had interviewed Ms. Davidson, Respondent, who had left the residence where the altercation occurred, returned to the home a couple of hours later. Deputy Gater went back to the residence and made contact with Respondent. He did not observe any injuries to Respondent as a result of the altercation with Ms. Davidson. He sensed a small odor of alcohol about Respondent's person. Respondent's eyes were glazed over and she had a slight slur to her speech. On the whole, Deputy Gater believed that Respondent was intoxicated. He arrested Respondent for one count of battery and took her to the Citrus County Detention Center. The altercations on April 11, 2001, and April 20, 2002, that have been described did not lead to criminal law convictions.

Recommendation Based upon the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law reached, it is RECOMMENDED: That a final order be entered finding Respondent in violation of Count 1, dismissing Count 2, and revoking Respondent's educator's certificate for a period of two years. DONE AND ENTERED this 26th day of September, 2003, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S CHARLES C. ADAMS Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 26th day of September, 2003.

Florida Laws (6) 1012.011012.7951012.796120.569120.57120.66
# 6
CRIMINAL JUSTICE STANDARDS AND TRAINING COMMISSION vs TOMMIE LEE MAYWEATHER, 12-003993PL (2012)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Filed:Miami, Florida Dec. 13, 2012 Number: 12-003993PL Latest Update: Dec. 13, 2013

The Issue Whether Respondent, a certified correctional officer, failed to maintain good moral character as required by chapter 943, Florida Statutes, and Florida Administrative Code Rule 11B- 27.011, and if so, the penalty that should be imposed.

Findings Of Fact The Parties Petitioner is the state agency charged with the responsibility of certifying correctional officers and taking disciplinary action against them for failing to maintain good moral character as required by section 943.13(7). § 943.1395, Fla. Stat. (2009).2/ Respondent was certified as a correctional officer by Petitioner on July 8, 2009, and holds Correctional Certificate Number 284876. In February through May, 2010, the time frame relevant to this proceeding, Respondent was employed as a correctional officer at Miami-Dade Correctional Institute ("Miami-Dade CI"). Incident Giving Rise to this Proceeding On or about July 29, 2010, Captain Eric Parrish, a midnight shift supervisor at Miami-Dade CI, convened a meeting of several employees under his supervision. Among those present at the meeting were Respondent and Officer Demetrices Demeritte. The purpose of the meeting was to address rumors regarding alleged sexual activity among staff members while present or on duty at Miami-Dade CI.3/ Ultimately, these rumors were determined to be unsubstantiated. However, at the meeting, Demeritte informed Parrish that Respondent had exposed his penis to her while they both were on duty at Miami-Dade CI. Respondent verbally admitted at the meeting that he did show Demeritte his penis, but stated that she had wanted to see it. Parrish ordered everyone in attendance at the meeting to complete an incident report after the close of the meeting.4/ Consistent with Petitioner's standard practice regarding the completion of incident reports, Parrish requested that the reports be submitted by the end of the shift.5/ This gave the employees approximately four hours to complete their reports. Ultimately, Parrish collected completed incident reports from all in attendance at the meeting, including Respondent. In his incident report, Respondent stated that he and Demeritte had engaged in discussions regarding sexual matters on more than one occasion. Respondent acknowledged that he exposed his penis to Demeritte on one occasion when they had discussed its size, and that upon seeing it, Demeritte took off in her post vehicle. The next day she asked him not to do that again because he was not "her man." Respondent stated that he apologized to Demeritte and considered the matter resolved between them as friends. Based on the information provided in the incident reports, Parrish recommended that Respondent and others be reviewed for disciplinary action. On or about December 6, 2011, Petitioner filed an Administrative Complaint against Respondent, alleging that he had failed to maintain good moral character, as required by section 943.17, by having engaged in acts that constitute indecent exposure pursuant to section 800.03. Violation of section 800.03 is a misdemeanor of the first degree. § 800.03, Fla. Stat. (2009). There is no evidence in the record that Respondent was arrested or prosecuted for, convicted of, or pled guilty or nolo contendere to, a violation of section 800.03. Evidence Adduced at the Final Hearing At hearing, Demeritte testified that while she and Respondent were on duty inspecting the fence line or refueling vehicles or at other posts, Respondent exposed his penis to her on four separate occasions. In doing so, he would tell her to "look" and would watch her while exposing himself. Demeritte testified that on one of these occasions, he stroked his penis. Demeritte testified that she was uncomfortable and offended by Respondent's actions, that she considered his actions vulgar, and that on each occasion, she drove away. After she finally confronted Respondent, he apologized and never exposed himself to her again. The undersigned finds Demeritte's testimony credible and persuasive. Demeritte reported the incidents to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. However, not until the July 29, 2010, meeting did she report the incidents to Petitioner. Demeritte claimed that she did not report the incidents due to a "breach of confidentiality." No specific explanation was provided regarding what the breach of confidentiality entailed or why it deterred Demeritte from reporting the incidents before July 29, 2010. At the hearing, Respondent recanted his statement in his July 29, 2010, incident report that he had exposed his penis to Demeritte on one occasion. Respondent testified that the statements in his report were "sarcastic" and that he had needed more time to complete his incident report. However, Parrish credibly testified that near the end of the shift, Respondent told him he was still working on the incident report, but that at the end of the shift, Respondent provided the completed, signed, dated report and did not ask for more time to complete the report. Respondent denied having exposed his penis to Demeritte while on duty, and testified that he previously had performed as a dancer at private functions and that she may have seen his penis under those circumstances. Respondent's testimony on these points was not credible. Consistent with his incident report, Respondent testified that he and Demeritte engaged in discussions of a sexual nature on several occasions. There is no other evidence in the record directly corroborating or refuting this claim. However, the evidence does establish that around the time of the incidents at issue in this proceeding, there was discussion of, and rumors regarding, sexual matters between officers employed on the midnight shift at Miami-Dade CI. Under these circumstances, the undersigned finds credible Respondent's account that he and Demeritte engaged in discussions of a sexual nature. The undersigned does not find credible any claim by Respondent that Demeritte wanted or asked him to expose his penis to her. However, the undersigned finds it plausible that Respondent may not have understood that Demeritte was offended by his actions, particularly if they engaged in discussions of a sexual nature, and also given that she did not tell him, until after the fourth incident, to not expose himself to her. Indeed, once she told him not to expose himself to her, his behavior ceased and he apologized. There is no evidence in the record that Respondent previously has been subject to disciplinary action by Petitioner. Findings of Ultimate Fact Based on the foregoing, the undersigned finds that Petitioner has demonstrated, by clear and convincing evidence, that Respondent exposed his penis to Demeritte on four separate occasions, in violation of section 800.03, and that in doing so, he failed to maintain good moral character, as required by section 943.13(7). Respondent's behavior in exposing himself to Demeritte was inappropriate and unacceptable. However, the undersigned finds that the circumstances afoot around the time of Respondent's actions——specifically, discussions and rumors of sexual matters between staff, discussions of a sexual nature between Respondent and Demeritte, and the fact that Demeritte did not tell Respondent to stop exposing himself to her until after he had done so four times——may have created an atmosphere that led Respondent, mistakenly, to believe that such behavior was not a significant departure from the accepted norm on the Miami-Dade CI midnight shift at that time.

Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that Petitioner, Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission, enter a final order suspending Respondent's correctional officer certification for a period of six months, imposing two years' probation, and ordering Respondent to undergo counseling. DONE AND ENTERED this 6th day of August, 2013, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S CATHY M. SELLERS Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings This 6th day of August, 2013.

Florida Laws (8) 120.54120.569120.57120.68800.03943.13943.1395943.17
# 7
JIM HORNE, AS COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION vs BERNARD BROUSSARD, 04-004066PL (2004)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Filed:Miami, Florida Nov. 10, 2004 Number: 04-004066PL Latest Update: Dec. 23, 2024
# 8
DEPARTMENT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT, CRIMINAL JUSTICE STANDARDS AND TRAINING COMMISSION vs TAD K. MOODY, 03-003528PL (2003)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Filed:Tampa, Florida Sep. 26, 2003 Number: 03-003528PL Latest Update: May 12, 2004

The Issue Whether Respondent, a certified law enforcement officer, failed to maintain good moral character by unlawfully acquiring or obtaining, or attempting to acquire or obtain, possession of a controlled substance by misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception, or subterfuge on or about July 16, 1999; by unlawfully withholding information from a medical practitioner from whom he sought to obtain a prescription for a controlled substance on or between April 1, 1999, and August 5, 1999; by corruptly using or attempting to use his official position as a law enforcement officer in such a manner as to secure a special privilege for himself or others, to wit: prepared a fictitious Offense/Incident Report as set forth in the Administrative Complaint; and, if so, what disciplinary action should be taken.

Findings Of Fact Respondent, Tad K. Moody, is a certified law enforcement officer in the State of Florida. He was issued Law Enforcement Certificate No. 160029 on February 11, 1996. Respondent was employed by the City of Tampa Police Department as a police officer during the period February 11, 1996, through May 19, 2000. In August of 1998, Respondent received an on-duty injury and was prescribed pain medications as a result. Respondent signed a contract with Dr. Greenberger stating that he would only receive controlled substances from Dr. Greenberger. Respondent went to several different doctors after August 1998 and received prescription pain medications from all of them. Respondent never advised his treating physicians that he was receiving Hydrocodone or other pain medication from each of his treating physicians. Respondent did not inform any of the physicians that he was receiving prescription pain medications from any of the other physicians. On or about July 16, 1999, Respondent reported to his treating physician’s office that his vehicle was stolen with his medication in it. Dr. Batas required substantiation of the theft in the form of an auto theft report prior to issuing additional medication. On or about July 16, 1999, Respondent prepared a false Tampa Police Department Offense/Incident Report, reporting that his vehicle containing medications had been stolen. He submitted it to Dr. Batas' office in order to receive additional medication. On August 4, 1999, Respondent presented a prescription for 90 Vicoprofen to the Eckerd Drug Store pharmacy at 1904 West Lumsden in Brandon, Florida. Dr. Steven J. Tresser, M.D., had written Respondent a prescription on August 4, 1999, for 40, not 90, Vicoprofen. The Eckerd Drug Store personnel identified Respondent as the individual who submitted the altered prescription for Vicoprofen or Hydrocodone. Respondent admitted to Detective Lusczynski, during an interview, that he had an addiction problem due to the back pain he suffered as a result of the injury he received in 1998. In late 1999, Respondent was charged with obtaining a controlled substance by fraud (2 counts) and obtaining drugs from a physician by withholding information. On or about July 24, 2000, Respondent entered into a Drug Court Agreement for 18 months' probation with the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit's State Attorney's Office. As part of the agreement, Respondent was required to successfully complete the Drug Court Program, including evaluation; counseling; random urinalysis; and pay $372 court costs, plus $40 a month toward supervision. Respondent's drug case was dismissed on March 14, 2002, based on his successful completion of the Drug Court Program. The evidence is clear and convincing that Respondent unlawfully acquired possession of a controlled substance by misrepresentation on or about July 16, 1999. The evidence is clear and convincing that Respondent unlawfully withheld information from a medical practitioner from whom he sought to obtain a prescription for a controlled substance during the relevant time period. The evidence is clear and convincing that Respondent corruptly used, or attempted to use, his official position as a law enforcement officer in such a manner as to secure a special privilege for himself by preparing a fictitious Offense/Incident Report on or about July 16, 1999.

Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission enter a final order as follows: Respondent be found guilty of failure to maintain good moral character as required by Section 943.13(7), Florida Statutes (2000). Respondent's certification be revoked. DONE AND ENTERED this 20th day of February, 2004, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S DANIEL M. KILBRIDE Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 20th day of February, 2004. COPIES FURNISHED: Laurie B. Binder, Esquire Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 Tad K. Moody 10124 Woodberry Road Tampa, Florida 33619 Rod Caswell, Program Director Division of Criminal Justice Professionalism Services Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 Michael Ramage, General Counsel Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302

Florida Laws (8) 120.569120.57120.60893.13943.085943.13943.1395943.255
# 9
DR. ERIC J. SMITH AS COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION vs HEATHER AMERSON, 11-003290PL (2011)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Filed:Jacksonville, Florida Jun. 29, 2011 Number: 11-003290PL Latest Update: Dec. 23, 2024
# 10

Can't find what you're looking for?

Post a free question on our public forum.
Ask a Question
Search for lawyers by practice areas.
Find a Lawyer