Findings Of Fact Sapp is the owner of Lot 24, Tara Farms Subdivision, located at Doctor's Inlet, Clay County, Florida. Sapp's request for septic tank permit was denied by HRS in its letter of November 28, 1978, for the following reasons: Soils of unsatisfactory quality beginning at ground level and con- tinuing to entire depth of soil log. Impervious soils as identified under the "Unified Soil Classification System" as inorganic clays of high plasticity, fat clays, inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays. Percolation test rate exceeds fifteen (15) minutes per inch run-off. History of septic tank failures in this subdivision. In its letter, HRS contends that the foregoing reasons for denial constitute a failure to meet the requirements of Chapter 10D-6, Florida Administrative Code, standards for individual sewage disposal facilities. Understanding that the soil was unacceptable in its natural condition, Sapp employed a consulting engineer, Mr. H. C. Stone, to design a plan that would conform to state regulations. Mr. Stone recommended that a 40' X 70' X 3' compacted free-draining sand fill be employed to provide an adequate filter bed for the septic tank. Mr. Stone further recommended that the drain field consist of not less than 300 feet of drain pipe (perforated or open joint) installed in the middle of the fill area. Stone further recommended that the laundry facilities be discharged through a separate 225 gallon tank with a separate drain field consisting of 75 feet of drain tile and a 15' x 40' X 3' compacted free draining sand fill. The depth of the water table during the wettest season of the year from the surface is 20 inches. Installation of the sandfill to a depth of 3 feet would create soils of satisfactory quality and characteristics from the surface to the water table at the wettest season of the year and would eliminate objectionable impervious soils from the system. The percolation test rate for the natural soils exceeds 15 minutes per inch run-off, but the proposed drain field would have a percolation rate of only 1.2 minutes per inch. While evidence of septic tank systems failures in the same subdivision was introduced, none of the examples of failure occurred in systems with the same specifications as those proposed by Sapp for use on his property. Of the three examples given, all contained a significantly lesser depth of free- draining sand fill.
The Issue The issues are (1) whether Respondent violated Chapters 381, 386, and 489, Florida Statutes; and if so, (2) whether Respondent is subject to an administrative fine; and if so, (3) what penalty should be imposed.
Findings Of Fact At all times material to this proceeding, Petitioner was registered with Respondent as a septic tank contractor, under the authorized name of LA Ford Septic Tank. As of March 1, 1995, single compartment septic tanks must be used in series or in conjunction with a outlet filter which has been approved by Respondent. An outlet filter is designed to prevent solid wastes from reaching the drainfield of a septic system. Removal of an outlet filter will cause the premature failure of a drainfield system and create a potential sanitary nuisance. In September of 1996, Rita Haynes contracted with Petitioner for the installation of a septic system for her mobile home. The system received construction approval from the Suwannee County Health Department on September 5, 1996. At that time, the outlet filter was attached to the system. On September 12, 1996, the Suwannee County Health Department re- inspected the system. The inspector discovered that the filter was missing. Ms. Haynes did not remove the filter or authorize anyone else to do so. Removal of the outlet filter constituted theft of Ms. Haynes' property. Allegations concerning the removal of the outlet filter on Ms. Haynes' property are included in the Administrative Complaint at issue here. In September of 1996, Tracy Fernandez contracted with Petitioner to install a septic system for her mobile home. The system received construction approval from the Suwannee County Health Department on September 4, 1996. At that time, the outlet filter was present. The filter was missing when the Suwannee County Health Department re-inspected the system on September 10, 1996. Ms. Fernandez did not remove the filter or authorize anyone else to do so. Removal of the outlet filter constituted theft of Ms. Fernandez's property. Allegations concerning the removal of the outlet filter on the property of Ms. Fernandez are included in the Administrative Complaint at issue here. In July of 1996, Laura Landen contracted with Ford to install a septic system for her mobile home. Petitioner told Ms. Landen that he would save her some money by removing the outlet filter after the initial inspection. The system received construction approval from the Suwannee County Health Department on July 24, 1996. At that time, the outlet filter was attached to the septic tank. The filter was missing when the Suwannee County Health Department re-inspected the system on September 11, 1996. Ms. Landen did not remove the filter or authorize anyone else to do so. Removal of the outlet filter constituted theft of Ms. Landen's property. Allegations concerning the removal of the outlet filter on Ms. Landen's property are included in the Administrative Complaint at issue here. In October of 1996, John and Mary Phillips contracted with Petitioner to install a septic system for their home. The system received construction approval from the Columbia County Health Department on October 23, 1996. At that time, the outlet tee filter was present. Subsequently, the Phillips' daughter saw Petitioner take something out of the septic tank. The filter was missing when the Columbia County Health Department re-inspected the system on October 25, 1996. Mr. and Mrs. Phillips did not remove the filter or authorize anyone else to do so. Removal of the outlet filter constituted theft of the Phillips' property. Allegations concerning the removal of the outlet filter on the Phillips' property are included in the Administrative Complaint at issue here. In April of 1996, Marshall and Karen Merriman contracted with Petitioner to install a septic tank system on their property. The outlet filter was attached to the septic tank at the time of an initial inspection by the Suwannee County Health Department on April 22, 1996. Subsequently, Mr. Merriman saw Petitioner drive up and remove the outlet filter from the septic tank. Petitioner's removal of the outlet filter constituted theft of the Merrimans' property. A re-inspection by the Suwannee County Health Department on April 23, 1996, revealed that the outlet filter was missing. The inspector also discovered that Petitioner had not placed enough rock in the Merrimans' drainfield. Accordingly, the system did not pass final inspection. Mr. Merriman stopped payment on his check made payable to Petitioner in the amount of $909.50. Another septic tank contractor was hired to properly install the septic system on the Merrimans' property. Mr. Merriman's complaint to the Suwannee County Health Department resulted in a citation for a $1,500 fine against Petitioner for violating the following rules: (1) Rule 10D-6.0751(1)(k), Florida Administrative Code, practicing fraud or deceit; (2) Rule 10D-6.0751(1)(l)2, Florida Administrative Code, misconduct causing harm to customer; and (3) Rule 10D-6.055(3)(a), Florida Administrative Code, removal of outlet filter. Petitioner acknowledged receipt of the citation on September 24, 1996. That same day he requested an informal administrative hearing to contest the citation. The Suwannee County Health Department referred Petitioner's request for an informal hearing concerning the above-referenced citation to Respondent on September 27, 1996. Respondent then requested its District 3 Administrator to conduct the necessary proceedings and submit a Recommended Order to Respondent. The record does not reveal the disposition of Petitioner's request for an informal hearing regarding the citation. The Administrative Complaint at issue here does not contain any allegations relative to Mr. Merriman's complaint. However, since Petitioner did not dispute the material allegations contained in the citation, they may be considered as true in aggravation of any penalty imposed in the instant proceeding. In addition to the missing filters referenced above, the Columbia County Health Department found filters missing from Petitioner's installations on property owned by Richard Johnson and David Timmerman in September of 1996. The filters had been present during prior inspections of Petitioner's installations on the Johnson and Timmerman properties. The removal of the outlet filters from the Johnson and Timmerman properties constituted theft of their property. The Administrative Complaint at issue here contains allegations concerning Petitioner's removal of these outlet filters. The Suwannee County Health Department and the Columbia County Health Department had many citizen complaints about Petitioner's work. They performed a random check of all recent septic tank installations in their respective counties. They re- inspected the septic tank installations of other registered septic tank contractors as well as Petitioner's installations. They found missing outlet filters only in Petitioner's installations. The two health departments began spray painting a spot on filters during initial inspections to stop anyone from using the filters at multiple installations and inspections. Petitioner habitually, and as a routine business practice, removed the outlet filter from the septic tanks he installed after the initial inspection but before he covered the tank with dirt. He was responsible for stealing the required outlet filters on the property of Rita Haynes, Tracy Fernandez, Laura Landen, John and Mary Phillips, David Timmerman, and Richard Johnson. In each of these instances, Petitioner acted fraudulently and deceitfully. His gross misconduct created a potential sanitary nuisance and caused his customers monetary harm. An outlet tee filter costs approximately $50. Petitioner was able to underbid his competitors by removing the filter from an inspected system and using the same filter on another installation. From time to time, septic tanks need to be pumped out to prevent the flow of sludge and solids from the tank into the drainfield. Sludge and solids will clog the drainfield causing the system to fail. A failed system is expensive to repair or replace. A failed system also creates a public health hazard. When a septic tank is pumped out, all of the sludge should be removed. After the tank is empty, it should be washed down with a hose and inspected for cracks. If the tank is in good condition, a septic tank contractor is supposed to sign an inspection slip. In September of 1996, Allen Donaway contracted with Petitioner to pump out his septic tank and install a new drainfield. Petitioner's employees arrived at Mr. Donaway's residence on or about September 18, 1996, to pump out the tank. They claimed they had completed the job even though they left 12 or more inches of sludge at the bottom of the tank. Despite Mr. Dunaway's demands, Petitioner's employees refused to pump any more septage from the tank. When Mr. Donaway contacted Petitioner to complain that his employees had only partially pumped the tank, Petitioner demanded immediate payment. Mr. Donaway gave Petitioner a check for $135 which Petitioner cashed immediately. Mr. Donaway had to pay another registered septic tank contractor to pump the rest of the sludge from the tank and to install the new drainfield. Allegations concerning Petitioner's failure to completely pump out the sludge from Mr. Donaway's septic tank are contained in the Administrative Complaint at issue here. In a Letter of Warning dated July 15, 1996, the Columbia County Health Department informed Petitioner that Debbie Gregory had filed a complaint against him for an unsatisfactory septic pump-out. This letter requested a response to an allegation that Petitioner, without good cause, had abandoned a project which he was under a contractual obligation to perform in violation of Rule 10D-6.0751(1)(g), Florida Administrative Code. Petitioner was advised that he could avoid the imposition of a $500 fine or a disciplinary action against his contractor's license by correcting the problem within five working days. As of August 6, 1996, Petitioner had not responded to the health department's inquiry. He made no attempt to correct the problem by completely removing the solids and greases from Ms. Gregory's septic tank. Petitioner was advised by letter that Respondent intended to initiate enforcement procedures. Allegations concerning the unsatisfactory septic pump-out on Debbie Gregory's property were included in the Administrative Complaint at issue here. Petitioner's failure to completely pump out all of the sludge from the septic tanks of Allan Donaway and Debbie Gregory created a potential health hazard. Additionally, his gross misconduct caused these customers monetary harm. They had to pay another septic tank contractor to complete Petitioner's work so that they could avoid the expense of prematurely replacing their drainfields. In August of 1996, Petitioner installed an onsite sewage treatment and disposal system on the property of Johnny Howard, Jr. The Suwannee County Health Department subsequently determined that Petitioner had installed the septic system on the wrong side of the Howard residence with the drainfield extending across the property line of the adjoining property. The inspector also discovered that the septic tank was installed next to a dryer vent opening in the Howard residence. When Petitioner refused to correct the problems at the Howard residence, the county health unit paid another septic tank contractor to correct the septic system. Respondent then filed an Administrative Complaint seeking revocation of Petitioner's septic tank contractor's registration and imposition of an administrative fine. On July 22, 1997, Respondent entered a Final Order in Department of Health Case Number 97-154 which revoked Petitioner's septic system contractor's registration and imposed a fine in the amount of $1000 due to the improper installation of the septic system at the Howard residence. This Final Order approved and adopted a Recommended Order in DOAH Case Number 96-5543, finding that Respondent was guilty of violating Rule 10D-6.0751(1)(b)2, Florida Administrative Code, for completing contracted work at the Howard residence without a permit and Rule 10D-6.0751(1)(l)2, Florida Administrative Code, gross misconduct causing monetary harm. Allegations concerning Petitioner's improper installation of the septic system on Mr. Howard's property were not contained in the instant Administrative Complaint. However, they may be considered in aggravation of any administrative fine imposed in the instant case. In the course of investigating citizen complaints against Petitioner, Respondent learned that Petitioner was advertising his business using the name of Ford Septic Tank and/or Ford Septic Tank Service(s) on his trucks and in the Yellow Pages. Petitioner's authorized business name is LA Ford Septic Tank. Respondent sent Petitioner a Letter of Warning dated August 27, 1996, advising him that advertising his services in a form other than his authorized business name violated part III of Chapter 489, Florida Statutes, and Rule 10D-6.0751(1)(a), Florida Administrative Code. The letter informed Petitioner that continued violations could result in an administrative fine of $500 per day. The letter stated that the violations might be cited in a future complaint based on repeat violations. Petitioner did not exercise his option to request an administrative hearing to contest the allegations contained in the Letter of Warning. On November 20, 1996, employees of the Suwannee County Health Department took photographs of Petitioner's business sign using an unauthorized name on a county road in Suwannee County. On November 22, the same employees took photographs of Petitioner's trucks bearing an unauthorized name. Petitioner's persistence in using an unauthorized business name was especially egregious because other septic tank contractors with the last name of Ford, who were not affiliated with Petitioner, worked in the same commercial and residential areas. For example, Mr. Merriman contracted with Wilbur Ford to correct the septic system that Petitioner improperly installed. North Florida Septic Tank was owned by Robert and Donna Ford. Their Yellow Page advertisement specifically disclaimed any affiliation with Petitioner. The instant Administrative Complaint contains allegations concerning Petitioner's use of an unauthorized name to advertise his business. Petitioner filed an application to become a registered septic tank contractor on August 6, 1991. Petitioner was convicted of grand theft and stopping payment on a check with intent to defraud on October 28, 1991, in the circuit court of Hernando County, Florida. Petitioner was convicted of these two felonies before he took the septic tank contractor's examination in November of 1991. Petitioner did not inform Respondent about the two convictions. Petitioner obtained his septic tank registration through fraud or misrepresentation by failing to disclose his felony convictions. The instant Administrative Complaint contains allegations concerning Petitioner's failure to disclose the two felony convictions. Respondent's efforts to persuade Petitioner to correct his improper installations and/or unsatisfactory pump-outs were not successful. He made no attempt to replace the filters he removed. He did not heed Respondent's warnings regarding his use of an unauthorized business name. He has failed to make any effort to rehabilitate himself or to mitigate the effects of his behavior despite the following: (1) the severity of his offenses; (2) the danger to the public that he created; (3) the number of times that he repeated the offenses; (4) the number of complaints filed against him; and (5) the monetary harm he caused his customers.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is recommended that Respondent enter a Final Order imposing an administrative fine in the amount of $7,000 against Petitioner. DONE AND ENTERED this 5th day of September, 1997, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. SUZANNE F. HOOD Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (904) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (904) 921-6847 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 5th day of September, 1997. COPIES FURNISHED: Thomas D. Koch, Esquire Department of Health Building 6, Room 133 1317 Winewood Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0700 Larry A. Ford 25295 CR 137 O'Brien, Florida 32071 Angela T. Hall, Agency Clerk Department of Health Building 6 1317 Winewood Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0700 Pete Peterson, Esquire Department of Health Building 6, Room 102-E Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0700 James Howell, Secretary Department of Health Building 6, Room 306 1317 Winewood Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0700
The Issue The issues in this case are whether Petitioner was responsible for maintaining a sanitary nuisance on his property by piping sewage onto the ground from the septic system and by ignoring the need to repair a failed septic system; and whether the Department of Health properly issued a citation to Petitioner for violation of Sections 386.041(1)(a) and (b).
Findings Of Fact In November, 1995, a Department of Health, Volusia County Health Department employee, Sherry Rodriguez, was performing a sanitary survey of the water system at 479 Maytown Road, Osteen, Florida, when she observed sewage on the ground. The property in questions consists of a large, two-story house which contains rental units. The house is provided water by a well on the property and sewage is handled by an onsite septic system. On November 6, 1995, Ms. Rodriguez issued a Notice of Violation for the sanitary nuisance which stated that the violation must be corrected by November 20, 1995. The septic system was not repaired by November 20, 1995. Ms. Rodriguez subsequently issued a Notice of Intended Action (NIA), giving Petitioner a deadline of December 5, 1995, to repair his system. When Ms. Rodriguez went to the property to serve the NIA, she observed PVC pipe on the ground, with one end at the septic tank and the other at the read of the property. Sewage was on the ground at the end of the pipe. Ms. Rodriguez took photographs of the pipe before she departed. Agency employee, Britt Williams, visited Petitioner's property on November 1, 1996, and observed sewage on the ground. Mr. Williams issued a follow-up NIA to Petitioner on January 30, 1997, which required Petitioner to repair the septic system by February 3, 1997. Petitioner did not obtain a repair permit to correct the violations, therefore, Mr. Williams issued a citation for the violations of sewage on the ground and having an improperly maintained septic system.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law set forth herein, it is RECOMMENDED: That a final order be entered affirming the civil penalty against Petitioner and requiring Petitioner to repair his septic system. DONE AND ENTERED this 8th day of April, 1998, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. STEPHEN F. DEAN Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 8th day of April, 1998. COPIES FURNISHED: John Gee 1245 Gee Whiz Lane Osteen, Florida 32764 Charlene J. Petersen, Esquire Department of Health 420 Fentress Boulevard Daytona Beach, Florida 32114 Angela T. Hall, Agency Clerk Department of Health Building 6 1317 Winewood Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0700 Dr. James Howell, Secretary Department of Health Building 6, Room 306 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0700
Findings Of Fact The Respondent, Hance B. Jones, is a registered septic tank contractor. The Petitioner is charged with regulating septic tanks, and may initiate charges against septic tank contractors which fail to comply with the statutes and rules regulating septic tanks. The Department's local inspector, Mr. Land, was asked by a representative of Best Septic Tank Contracting to meet with the Best representative and Ms. Inez Quiett at Ms. Quiett's home and confer about a proposed septic tank repair. On March 5, 1992, Mr. Land visited the site, observed water standing around an area which he was advised was the existing septic tank and drain field, and was asked what would have to be done. Mr. Land advised that they would have to obtain a permit, and that the new drain field would have to be separated by at least 24 inches from the wet season water table, and that this would entail placing the drain field in a mound. Mr. Land left the site expecting to have a representative of Best pick up a permit for the repairs within a few days. When Mr. Land did not see anyone come in about the permit, he drove by Quiett's, and observed disturbed soil in the area of the drain field. He stopped, went to the Quiett's house, and spoke with Ms. Quiett's son. The son advised that they had repaired the drain field. Mr. Land asked who had repaired the field, and the son advised him that Mr. Jones had repaired it. On April 22, 1992, Mr. Land then wrote a letter to the Respondent and advised Jones that he had violated the law by repairing Quiett's septic tank and not obtaining a permit for the repair. Mr. Jones spoke with Land at Land's office, and denied that he had repaired the septic tank. Mr. Jones stated he had provided the materials and equipment used to repair the tank. On April 22, 1992, Ms. Quiett called Mr. Land on the telephone, and told Land that Mr. Jones had helped her with the tank, but denied that Jones had been her contractor. The Respondent denied that he was the contractor of the job; denied he was on the site; denied he supervised the work; and denied he received any compensation from Quiett. He indicated that he knew Ms. Quiett's brothers, who were contractors, and admitted that he had provided the materials used on the job and had loaned them his backhoe. Ms. Quiett was asked about the repairs to the system and invoked her privilege against self-incrimination.
Recommendation Having considered the foregoing Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, the evidence of record, the candor and demeanor of the witnesses, and the pleadings and arguments of the parties, it is therefore, RECOMMENDED that the Administrative Complaint against the Respondent be DISMISSED. DONE AND ENTERED this 26th day of August, 1992, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. STEPHEN F. DEAN Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, FL 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 26th day of August, 1992. COPIES FURNISHED: David West, Esquire District 3 Legal Office 1000 N.E. 16th Avenue Gainesville, FL 32609 Bobby Kirby, Esquire Route 2, Box 219 Lake Butler, FL 32054 Sam Power, Agency Clerk Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services 1323 Winewood Boulevard Tallahassee, FL 32399-0700 John Slye, General Counsel Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services 1323 Winewood Boulevard Tallahassee, FL 32399-0700
The Issue The issue in this case is whether Respondent should pay a fine of $500 for an alleged violation of Section 386.041, Florida Statutes (1997). (All chapter and section references are to Florida Statutes (1997) unless otherwise stated.)
Findings Of Fact Petitioner is the state agency responsible for issuing citations under Chapter 386. Respondent owns apartments located at 2014-2018 Dante Street, Lakeland, Florida. On August 8, 1997, Petitioner discovered a septic tank backing up at Respondent's apartments. Sewage had leaked out of the system and was flowing onto the adjacent area. The sewage included human waste and toilet tissue. Respondent attempted to hide the leaking system by covering up the pipe with a wooden board. Respondent had taken off the cap to the septic system. Petitioner had previously warned Respondent that the cap needed to remain on the system at all times. Respondent replaced the cap on August 8, 1997. She cleared the open sewage within the next day or two. On January 7, 1998, Petitioner again found the cap off of the system. Sewage had leaked out of the system an onto the adjacent area. Petitioner issued the citation that is the subject of this proceeding.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is, therefore: RECOMMENDED that the Petitioner enter a Final Order sustaining the citation issued on January 8, 1998, imposing a fine of $500, and denying the request to dismiss the citation. DONE AND ENTERED this 2nd day of July, 1998, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. DANIEL MANRY Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 2nd day of July, 1998. COPIES FURNISHED: Donna Stark 2028 Dante Street Lakeland, Florida 33801 Roland Reis, Esquire Department of Health 1290 Golfview Avenue, 4th Floor Bartow, Florida 33830 Angela T. Hall, Agency Clerk Department of Health 1317 Winewood Boulevard Building 6, Room 136 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0700 Dr. James Howell, Secretary Department of Health 1317 Winewood Boulevard Building 6, Room 306 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0700
The Issue Whether Respondent, Virgil Cardin, d/b/a Virgil Cardin Septic Tank Service (Respondent or Cardin), committed the violations alleged in the Administrative Complaint for Imposition of Administrative Fines and Revocation of Septic Tank Contractor License and Business Authorization, dated December 28, 2012, and, if so, what penalty should be imposed.
Findings Of Fact The Parties Petitioner is the state agency charged with the responsibility of administering the Standards for Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems (SOSTDS). The installation, repair, and/or alteration of any septic tank system fall within the purview of Petitioner's authority. Public health concerns mandate that all septic tank systems be operated according to governing laws and rules. Respondent is a resident of the State of Florida and is registered by Petitioner to provide septic tank contracting services within the state. Respondent's registration number is SR0890865. Respondent owns and operates Virgil Cardin Septic Tank Service located in Lakeland, Florida, and the company is authorized to provide septic tank contracting services. The company's authorization number is SE093690. Septic tank contracting services are governed by SOSTDS. The Controversy It is undisputed that a permit must be obtained prior to performing repairs to a septic tank system. In Polk County (where all actions complained of occurred), a septic tank service company is required to apply for a permit before work is performed, obtain an inspection by appropriate authorities before beginning work, and complete all work in accordance with designated standards. A septic tank pump-out does not require a permit. Any work that would involve the exposure of the drain fields and/or the refitting of portions of the septic system would require a permit. The controversy in this case stems from Respondent's failure to obtain a permit before beginning repairs to a septic tank system located at 4931 Rolling Meadows Drive, Lakeland, Florida. It is undisputed that Respondent did not, in advance of starting work at the home, obtain a permit. The Arguments The Digans own a home located at 4931 Rolling Meadows Drive, Lakeland, Florida. For several years, the Digans have experienced problems with their septic tank system to the point that waste from the septic system has backed up into their home. Previously, Respondent addressed the Digans' septic tank system problems by pumping the waste from the tank, thereby eliminating pressure on the overwrought system. On or about August 24, 2012, Respondent went to the Digans' home and pumped out the septic tank. A permit for the work done that date was not required. Given the history of the problems with the Digans' system, it became apparent to the owners and Respondent that comprehensive repairs to the system were necessary. As there was no way to predict when another pump-out might be required, it was not surprising that approximately one week later Respondent returned to the Digans' property for additional work. On that date, September 1, 2012, Respondent could not pump out the Digans' tank, because his truck was already full. Instead, Respondent took a backhoe to the Digans' property and began to dig trenches for the drain field. Respondent's employee began to construct a septic drain line header pipe with drain field chamber end plates attached. Respondent exposed the Digans' septic system as if he were going to make repairs to the system. When confronted by two environmental supervisors who observed Respondent's actions, Respondent readily admitted he did not have a permit for the work. At first, Respondent stated that the homeowners could not afford permits. Later, Respondent maintained that the work he performed on September 1, 2012, did not require a permit. Petitioner maintains that Respondent went to the Digans' home on September 1, 2012, to make repairs to the septic tank system without prior inspection or a required permit. The Analysis Prior to September 1, 2012, Respondent knew or should have known that the Digans' septic tank system needed extensive repairs. Respondent had pumped out the tank several times and should have known that the system was not functioning as intended. Prior to September 1, 2012, Respondent knew or should have known that repairs to any septic tank system require an inspection and permit. On September 4, 2012, after being caught the prior Saturday on the Digans' property, Respondent applied for a permit for the repairs to the Digans' septic tank system. On September 5, 2012, a repair permit was issued for the Digans' property. On September 7, 2012, the repairs to the Digans' system were inspected and approved. There was no emergency on September 1, 2012, that necessitated repairs to the Digans' septic tank system on that date. Pumping out the Digans' tank on that date would have addressed any immediate concern. On-site inspections before septic tank systems are repaired are critical to public health because they assure that groundwater contamination is avoided, that the existing tank is sound and will function as intended, and that setbacks to other properties, wells, or systems are adequate. Respondent knew or should have known that performing any work before an inspection negates the safeguards to public health concerns. Respondent knew or should have known that the materials needed to adequately repair the Digans' septic tank system exceeded the chambers he took to the site on September 1, 2012. Digging up the Digans' system on September 1, 2012, created a sanitary nuisance. Respondent's History In the event a violation is found in this case, Respondent's disciplinary history would be relevant in considering what penalty, if any, should be imposed. To that end the following findings are made: Respondent has previously been found in violation of failing to call for a required inspection; and Respondent has previously been found in violation of practicing fraud or deceit, making misleading or untrue misrepresentations, or misconduct that causes no monetary harm to a customer.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that Respondent's authorizations to perform septic tank services be suspended for a period not less than 90 days. Additionally, it is RECOMMENDED that Respondent be required to pay an administrative fine in an amount not less than $2,000.00. DONE AND ENTERED this 6th day of May, 2013, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S J. D. PARRISH Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 6th day of May, 2013. COPIES FURNISHED: John H. Armstrong, M.D., F.A.C.S. State Surgeon General Department of Health Bin A00 4052 Bald Cypress Way Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1701 Jennifer A. Tschetter, General Counsel Department of Health Bin A02 4052 Bald Cypress Way Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1701 Althea Gaines, Agency Clerk Department of Health Bin A02 4052 Bald Cypress Way Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1703 Tony C. Dodds, Esquire Law Office of Tony C. Dodds 904 South Missouri Avenue Lakeland, Florida 33803-1034 Roland Reis, Esquire Polk County Health Department 1290 Golfview Avenue, Fourth Floor Bartow, Florida 33830-6740
The Issue Whether Petitioner's application for a septic tank permit application should be granted?
Findings Of Fact On July 29, 1987, Petitioner applied for a septic tank permit for a proposed individual sewage disposal system to serve a single family residence on Lot 40, Block P, Killearn Lakes Unit I (Unit 1), in Leon County, Florida. A septic tank system consists of a tank and a drainfield which is wholly or partly underground. The decision of whether to grant a septic tank system permit is greatly influenced by the elevation of the wet season water table in the area where the septic tank system will be located. Under normal circumstances, the elevation of the wet season water table can be determined by taking a boring of the ground in question using an auger. If water is found at the time the boring is conducted, that is an indication of where the water table is located. If no water is found, the elevation of the wet season water table can be determined by examining the soil removed from the ground for signs of mottling. Mottling is the discoloration of the soil caused by the interaction of water with the minerals in the soil. The process of mottling takes place over hundreds of years. Therefore, a rapid change in conditions may cause the elevation of the wet season water table to be different than what would be indicated by mottling. Because of the development of Unit I and the drainage method used in Unit I (sheetflow), the elevation of the wet season water table in Unit I is estimated to be between 12 and 20 inches higher than what is indicated by mottling. On July 7, 1987, a boring was taken on an indeterminate area on Lot 40, by Certified Testing, Inc., a private engineering firm. The evaluation of the boring resulted in mottling being present at a depth of 60 inches. On August 3, 1987, Ms. Teresa A. Hegg, an Environmental Health Specialist with HRS, took two borings on Lot 40. The first boring was taken in an area other than where the septic tank system's drainfield would be located. This boring resulted in mottling being present at a depth of 45 inches. The second boring was taken in the area where the septic tank system's drainfield would be located. This boring resulted in mottling being present at a depth of 22 inches. Based on the boring taken at the proposed site for the septic tank system, showing mottling at 22 inches, and the estimate that the wet season water table in Unit I is from 12 to 20 inches higher than mottling would indicate, the estimated wet season water table for Lot 40 is between 2 to 10 inches below the ground surface. Unit I has a history of septic tank system failures. Unit I was platted prior to January 1, 1972. There exists a very high probability that any septic tank system, even a mound system, installed in Lot P-40 will fail.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that Respondent issue a final order denying Petitioner's application for a septic tank permit. DONE and ENTERED this 28th day of July, 1988, in Tallahassee, Florida. JOSE A. DIEZ-ARGUELLES Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 28th day of July, 1988. APPENDIX TO RECOMMENDED ORDER, CASE NO. 87-4085 The Respondent has submitted proposed findings of fact which are addressed below. Paragraph numbers in the Recommended Order are referred to as "RO ." The Respondent's Proposed Findings of Fact Proposed Finding Paragraph Number in Recommended Order of Fact Number of Acceptance or Reason for Rejection First phrase accepted. Remainder of paragraph supported by competent evidence but unnecessary to the decision reached. First two sentences accepted. Third sentence supported by competent evidence but unnecessary to the decision reached. Accepted. Accepted. 5,6,7,8,9,10 Supported by competent evidence but unnecessary to the decision reached. Accepted. Accepted. 13,14 Supported by competent evidence but unnecessary to the decision reached. 15. First sentence accepted. Second sentence rejected; the wet season water table on Lot P-40 is from 2-10 inches below grade. Third sentence accepted. COPIES FURNISHED: Salvatore A. Carpino, Jr., Esquire One Urban Centre, Suite 750 4830 West Kennedy Boulevard Tampa, Florida 33609 John R. Perry, Esquire Assistant District II Legal Counsel Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services 2639 North Monore Street Suite 200-A Tallahassee, Florida 32303 Sam Power, Clerk Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services 1323 Winewood Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0700 Gregory L. Coler, Secretary Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services 1323 Winewood Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0700 John Miller, Acting General Counsel Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services 1323 Winewood Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0700
The Issue Whether Respondent committed the violations as set forth in the Citation for Violation, Onsite Sewage Program/Sanitary Nuisance dated April 28, 2000.
Findings Of Fact Petitioner is authorized and given the jurisdiction to regulate the construction, installation, modification, abandonment, or repair of onsite sewage treatment and disposal systems, including drainfields, by septic tank contractors. At all times material hereto, Respondent was a registered septic tank contractor and, as such, he was authorized to provide septic tank contracting services, including the installation and repair of drainfields. On or about November 2, 1995, Petitioner issued a permit (Permit No. RP648-95) to Wilmar Rodriguez for the repair of a septic tank system at 417-421 Perry Avenue, Greenacres, Florida. The property was a triplex, which was purchased by Mr. Rodriquez in 1981. Mr. Rodriguez has no knowledge as to whether any drainfields were installed or replaced on the property, prior to 1981. The Permit included the installation of a new multi- chambered septic tank, a dosing tank, a lift station, and a new drainfield. The Permit was also for a filled system and called for the drainfield to be 700 square feet. Respondent was indicated as the "agent" on the Permit. Respondent and/or his employees performed the work under the Permit. Respondent was the septic tank contractor for the repair of the septic tank system under the Permit. On November 9, 1995, the construction of the septic tank system was approved by one of Petitioner's inspectors, who was an Environmental Specialist I. Petitioner's inspectors are not present during the entire construction or repair of a septic tank system or drainfield. Usually, inspections are made after the completion of the construction or repair of the septic tank system. Additionally, the inspection of a drainfield is usually performed after the rock has been placed on top of the drainfield. On February 2, 1996, the same inspector performed the inspection after the completion of the construction of the septic tank system, including after the placing of the rock on top of the drainfield. Even though the Permit reflects a filled system, the filled/mound system section on the inspection sheet was crossed out. The inspector considered the system to be a standard system, not a filled or mound system, and, therefore, inspected it as a standard system. In inspecting a drainfield, the inspection by an inspector includes checking to ensure that a drainfield has 42 inches of clean soil below the drainfield. An inspector uses an instrument that bores down through the rock and brings up a sample of the soil, which is referred to as augering. Augering is randomly performed at two locations. For the instant case, the inspector performed the augering in two random locations of the drainfield, which were in the area of the middle top and the middle bottom. The samples failed to reveal anything suspect; they were clean. On February 2, 1996, the inspector issued a final approval for the septic tank system. Final approval included the disposal of "spoil" and the covering of the septic tank system with "acceptable soil". The inspector mistakenly inspected the system as a standard system. He should have inspected the system as a filled system.1 After the repair and installation of the septic tank system by Respondent, Mr. Rodriguez continued to have problems with the septic tank system. He contacted Respondent three or four times regarding problems with the system, but the problems persisted. Each time, Respondent was paid by Mr. Rodriguez. Sewage water was flowing into the street where the property was located and backing-up into the inside of the triplex. Having gotten no relief from Respondent, Mr. Rodriguez decided to contact someone else to correct the problem. Mr. Rodriguez contacted Richard Gillikin, who was a registered septic tank contractor. On October 14, 1999, a construction permit was issued to Mr. Rodriguez for the repair of the septic tank system. Mr. Gillikin was indicated as the agent. Mr. Gillikin visited the property site of the triplex and reviewed the problem. He determined that the drainfield was not properly functioning, but he did not know the cause of the malfunctioning. With the assistance of Petitioner's inspectors, Mr. Gillikin and Mr. Rodriguez attempted to determine the best method to deal with the problem. After eliminating options, Mr. Rodriguez decided to replace the drainfield. To replace the drainfield, Mr. Gillikin began excavating. He began removing the soil cover and the rock layer of the drainfield. Mr. Gillikin also wanted to know how deep he had to dig to find good soil. After digging for that purpose and for 10 to 12 inches, he discovered a drainfield below Respondent's drainfield. The drainfield that Mr. Gillikin discovered was a rock bed 12 inches thick in which pipes were located and, as indicated, 10 to 12 inches below Respondent's drainfield. Mr. Gillikin also dug a hole two to three feet deep, pumped the water out of the hole, and saw the old drainfield. Mr. Gillikin determined that the old drainfield extended the full length of Respondent's drainfield. As a result of Mr. Gillikin's determining that the old drainfield was below Respondent's drainfield, both drainfields had to be removed and the expense of a new drainfield increased. Leon Barnes, an Environmental Specialist II for Petitioner, who was also certified in the septic tank program, viewed the drainfield site. He determined that the old drainfield was below Respondent's drainfield and that, therefore, Respondent had not removed the old drainfield. On or about November 6, 1999, Mr. Barnes' supervisor, Jim Carter, and co-worker, Russell Weaver, who is an Engineer, also visited the drainfield site. Mr. Weaver determined that the old drainfield covered a little more than 50 percent of the area under Respondent's drainfield. On November 8, 1999, a construction inspection and a final inspection of the system installed by Mr. Gillikin were performed. The system was approved. Respondent admits that a new drainfield is prohibited from being installed over an old drainfield. However, Respondent denies that he installed a new drainfield over the old drainfield on Mr. Rodriguez's property. In 1995, Respondent failed to completely remove the old drainfield before he installed the new drainfield. The soil and rocks from the old drainfield, which was not functioning, were contaminated spoil material. Because the old drainfield was not completely removed, the contaminated spoil material remained in the drainfield and was used as part of the material in the installation of the new drainfield. Leaving the contaminated spoil material in the new drainfield, prevented the sewage water from being able to percolate through the ground, which is a method of cleansing the sewage water. Without being able to percolate through the ground, the sewage water remained on the surface of the drainfield, creating a serious sanitary nuisance and health hazard. The sewage water spilled onto the street and backed-up into the triplex. Respondent was issued a Citation for Violation, Onsite Sewage Program/Sanitary Nuisance by Petitioner.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Health, Palm Beach County Health Department, enter a final order: Affirming the Citation for Violation, Onsite Sewage Program/Sanitary Nuisance and finding that Noel Sanfiel violated Section 381.0065, Florida Statutes (1995), and Rule 10D- 6.0571(4), now Rule 64E-6.015(6), and Rule 10D-6.0751(1)(l)1, now 64E-6.022(1)(l)1, Florida Administrative Code. Imposing a fine of $500. DONE AND ENTERED this 13th day of February, 2001, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. ERROL H. POWELL Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 13th day of February, 2001.
The Issue The issue is whether Respondents should have an administrative penalty imposed, take corrective action, and pay investigative costs for allegedly maintaining a solid waste management facility without a permit and disposing of solid waste in an area subject to periodic or frequent flooding.
Findings Of Fact Based upon all of the evidence, the following findings of fact are determined: Background DDD is a corporation registered to do business in the State of Florida. Its president and sole director is William H. Stanton, Jr. The corporation is engaged in the business of "mobil recycling activities" (reduction recycling services for customers). Mr. Stanton owns a two-acre tract of property located in Section 26, Township 28S, Range 24B, on the northwest corner of Mustang Road and Longhorn Drive, Lakeland, Florida. The property is zoned for heavy industrial uses and was formerly used in some form of phosphate mining operations. The Department is the agency charged with the duty of administering and enforcing the provisions of Chapter 403, Florida Statutes, and rules promulgated thereunder. Based upon a complaint made by a Polk County Health Department employee, on October 8, 2001, a Department enforcement coordinator, Steven G. Morgan, inspected Mr. Stanton's property and observed that Respondents had filled and compacted an approximate 150 foot by 300 foot area of the site with 3 to 5 feet of "wallboard type material," which consisted of "both ground up and large pieces of wallboard." In the middle of the filled area was an additional pile of the same material around 20 to 25 feet high. Petitioner's Exhibits A, D, and E are photographs which provide an accurate representation of the site on the date of the inspection. Based on a visual inspection, but without having the benefit of his own laboratory analysis,2 Mr. Morgan concluded that the material was a solid waste made up of discarded industrial products. Under Department rules, the deposit of solid waste on such a site requires a waste facility management permit from the Department. A check of Department records indicated that Respondents do not hold a permit to operate a solid waste management facility. (DDD does hold a valid air pollution permit for grinding concrete.) During his inspection, Mr. Morgan also observed that the land adjacent to the filled area was wet, had a lower elevation than the compacted area, and contained small pockets of standing water. This was confirmed by photographs received in evidence as Petitioner's Exhibits D and E. A DDD employee who was present on the site during the inspection indicated that approximately 900 truck loads of the material had been transported to the site from Plant City after Mr. Stanton had "lost" a lease on the property on which the material had previously been placed. This was confirmed by Mr. Stanton who arrived at the site shortly after the inspection began, and who indicated that he intended to use the compacted wallboard as a sub-base (or foundation) for a wallboard recycling facility. A second site inspection by Mr. Morgan conducted on February 5, 2002, confirmed that the conditions (regarding the piles of fill material but not the standing water) at the site were unchanged from those found on October 8, 2001. On that visit, Mr. Morgan observed the site from his automobile but did not walk the property. Two other site visits were made, one on June 19, 2002, by other Department personnel. Except for a photograph (Petitioner's Exhibit C) dated June 19, 2002, which indicates the piles of material were still intact and had not been removed, the results of those inspections are not of record. Shortly after the initial inspection, the Department's Tampa District Office issued a warning letter to Mr. Stanton describing Mr. Morgan's observations and outlining the potential violations. The letter also invited Mr. Stanton to resolve the matter informally and to present a corrective action plan to mitigate the site. When the matter could not be resolved informally, the Department issued its Notice on October 10, 2002, alleging that Respondents had operated a solid waste facility without a permit and had deposited solid waste in an area prone to flooding. Even though the matter was not informally resolved, Mr. Stanton has cooperated with the Department in good faith throughout the regulatory process. The Material on the Site Invoices received in evidence reflect that the source of the deposited material was James Hardie Building Products in Plant City, Florida, and that the material was described on the invoices as "Dry Waste Material," Wet Waste Material," and "Foreign Material." James Hardie Building Products manufactures HardieBoard, which is a one-half to one-inch thick concrete formulated product used in the construction of homes and other buildings, and HardiePipe, which is used in road and bridge construction, culverts, storm sewers, and concrete pipes. The material being deposited was material used in the manufacture of HardieBoard. Mr. Stanton's long-range plans are to grind up, or recycle, the material (after all necessary permits, if any, are obtained) and then sell it to other persons, including cement manufacturing plants in the area, who will then use it for a variety of purposes, including subbase and base material, cement and concrete re-additive, and cement production. HardieBoard (as well as HardiePipe) is a variable mixture of Portland cement, water, fine silica sand, less than 10 percent cellulose (a non-toxic organic material commonly added to such products as ice cream, shampoo, baby diapers, and rayon clothing), and less than 10 percent of inert materials. The cellulose fibers are added to the concrete to avoid cracking and shrinkage and to reduce the weight of the product. Unlike concrete used for driveways and the like, HardiBoard does not have any large aggregate. Disposal of Solid Waste and Clean Debris Florida Administrative Code Rule 62-701.300(1)(a) prohibits the storing, processing, or disposing of solid waste except at a permitted solid waste management facility. In addition, no solid waste may be stored or disposed of "[i]n an area subject to frequent and periodic flooding unless flood protection measures are in place[,]" or "[i]n any natural or artificial body of water including ground water." Fla. Admin. Code R. 62-701.300(2)(d) and (e). These requirements form the basis for the charges in the Notice. Florida Administrative Code Rule 62-701.200(113) defines solid waste in relevant part as "discarded material, including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from domestic, industrial, commercial, mining, agricultural, or governmental operations." Section 403.707(2)(f), Florida Statutes (2003), provides, however, that a permit is not required for "[t]he use of clean debris as fill material in any area." See also Fla. Admin. Code R. 62-701.220(2)(f). "Clean debris" is defined in Florida Administrative Code Rule 62-701.200(15) as: any solid waste which is virtually inert, which is not a pollution threat to ground water or surface waters, is not a fire hazard, and is likely to retain its physical and chemical structure under expected conditions of disposal or use. The term includes brick, glass, ceramics, and uncontaminated concrete including embedded pipe or steel. The term "virtually inert" is not defined by statute or rule. However, the parties agree that in order for a material to be "virtually inert," it must have no potential for leaking contaminants into the groundwater. In addition, if a deposited material releases contaminants into the groundwater thereby posing a threat to human health, it is considered a "threat to [groundwater]" within the meaning of the rule. The rule also provides that the material must not be a fire hazard. Finally, if a material decomposes over time after being used as fill, and releases contaminants into the groundwater, it is not "likely to retain its physical and chemical structure under expected conditions of disposal or use." Therefore, if a material has no potential for leaking contaminants into the groundwater, is not a threat to groundwater, is not a fire hazard, and is not likely to decompose over time, it constitutes clean debris and is exempt from the waste management facility permitting requirements. As noted above, Florida Administrative Code Rule 62- 701.200(15) identifies four materials that are considered to be clean debris: brick, glass, ceramics, and uncontaminated concrete. If a waste product is classified as uncontaminated concrete, it constitutes clean debris and may be used as fill without a permit from the Department. Further, clean debris may be deposited in an area subject to frequent or periodic flooding so long as flood protection measures are taken, or in a natural or artificial body of water so long as other appropriate permits (such as an Environmental Resource Permit) are obtained. Here, the central issue is whether the material deposited on Mr. Stanton's property is solid waste or clean debris. This issue turns on whether the material is virtually inert, is not a pollution threat to groundwater or surface waters, is not a fire hazard, and is likely to retain its physical and chemical structure under expected conditions of disposal or use. Assuming these criteria are satisfied, the material is exempt from Department permitting requirements for solid wastes. On this issue, the Department contends that the material is not virtually inert and is unlikely to retain its physical and chemical structure. Conversely, Respondents assert that the material is clean debris and falls within the category of uncontaminated concrete. Is the Deposited Material Clean Debris? In determining whether a material is virtually inert, or is a pollution threat to ground or surface waters, two extraction procedures have been sanctioned by the United States Environmental Protection Agency to assist in the measurement of the amount of contaminants that will leak from a material: the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP). Under both procedures, the material being tested is ground up into small sand-size particles, mixed with an extraction fluid, and tumbled for 18 hours in a rotary agitator while the liquid solution extracts various metals that are found in the solids. The extracted liquid solution is then filtered and analyzed to determine the concentration of metals actually leached from the solids. Under state water drinking standards found in Table 1 of Florida Administrative Code Chapter 62-550, the maximum contaminant levels for chromium and barium (stated in milligrams per liter (mg/L)) are 0.1 mg/L and 2 mg/L, respectively. In reaching its conclusion that the fill material is a solid waste, the Department relied principally on certain tests of the material run by various laboratories between 1998 and 2000, which showed that the amount of chromium and barium leaking out of the product exceeded the State drinking water standards. See Petitioner's Exhibits K, L, M, and O. However, in every one of those tests, the laboratories used the TCLP, rather than the SPLC, which produced a worst case scenario. For the reasons stated below, the TCLP is not the appropriate procedure to be used for this purpose. The TCLP is the more aggressive of the two procedures, uses a much harsher solution than the SPLC, and generally leaches higher concentrations of metals. However, its principal purpose is to determine whether a material should be classified as a hazardous waste based on its leaching properties or characteristics. Using it to predict whether a material will leach into ground water is inappropriate because it will "leach things out in the laboratory that will never leach in the field." This is because it does not mimic conditions in the field and is "just not supposed to be used for this purpose." Therefore, TCLP leachate values should not be applied to drinking water standards. Conversely, the SPLC uses a less harsh solution during the preparation process, evaluates the potential for leaching metals into ground and surface waters, and is designed to provide a more realistic assessment of metal mobility under actual field conditions. In other words, the SPLC simulates what would happen if the sample were exposed to groundwater and rain to determine if under those conditions metals might leach into the water system below. Therefore, the SPLC is the more appropriate procedure to use here to determine whether the HardieBoard material will leach certain metals into the groundwater at levels that exceed State drinking water standards. Even various Department guidance documents provide that the SPLC (rather than the TCLP) should be used to determine if a material will leach metals into the ground water. See Respondents' Exhibits M, N, and O. Respondents' witness Foster collected three samples of HardieBoard deposited by Respondents at another site and submitted them to PPB Environmental Laboratories, Inc., in Gainesville, Florida, for a clinical analysis using the SPLC test. Those results, which have been accepted as being reliable,3 indicate that none of the leachate concentrations for arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, and silver exceed (or even approach) the drinking water standards. Therefore, the material is virtually inert, and the groundwater quality will not be adversely impacted by use of this material as fill. The parties agree that the material is not a fire hazard. Prior to depositing the material, Mr. Stanton used a commercial waste reduction machine (a Smorcazy Bandit Beast 3680 Horizontal Trough Grinder) to grind or pulverize some of the material into fine particles. As noted earlier, a small amount of cellulose fibers are added to the product during the manufacturing process. The Department contends that after the grinding process occurs, these fibers will separate from the remaining fine particles and dissolve into the ground water. Because of this separation, the Department asserts that the material does not retain its physical or chemical structure after being deposited onto the property. Although cellulose fibers are added to the product during its preparation to strengthen the material (and have been added by cement manufacturers since the 1920s), they are distributed throughout the matrix in the material. This means that the fibers become "part and parcel of the mixture" and will not deteriorate, fall out, or leach out of the material even after routine grinding processes, such as that done by Respondents. As such, the cellulose is not biodegradable, and there is no concern that the cellulose will dissolve into the groundwater. Indeed, HardiePipe, which is used in the construction of culverts, storm sewers, and drainage pipes and has essentially the same constituents as HardieBoard, was approved by the Florida Department of Transportation in 2001 for use on State road and bridge projects. Therefore, it is found that the fill material will retain its physical and chemical structure after being deposited onto the ground. Expert testimony by Dr. McClellan established that the material meets the general definition of concrete, and because it is uncontaminated, it should properly be classified as uncontaminated concrete. As such, the material is clean debris and is not subject to the Department's solid waste management permitting requirements. Finally, the Department points out that the compressive strength (measured in pounds per square inch (PSI)) is much greater for concrete used in driveways than for HardiBoard (2500 PSI versus 20 to 30 PSI), and therefore Hardiboard is not a true concrete product. While the PSI values are indeed substantially different, the load bearing ratio or compressive strength of the material does not determine whether a material falls within the generic category of concrete. Water Issues As noted above, if a material is classified as clean debris, it may be deposited into an area prone to flooding or in a natural or artificial body of water, including groundwater (subject, of course, to other unrelated requirements or safeguards). There is no evidence that the filling occurred in a "natural or artificial water body," or directly into the groundwater. In addition, the evidence demonstrates that in October 2001, the ground next to the filled area had small pockets of standing water measuring no more than a few inches deep. However, when the inspection was made, and the photographs taken, Polk County was experiencing rather heavy rainfall, presumably due to the El Nino phenomenon. Whether these conditions (pockets of standing water) exist on the property only during the rainy season is not of record. Further, prior to the filling, Mr. Stanton contacted both the Southwest Florida Water Management District and the United States Geodetic Survey and he asserted, without contradiction, that neither agency indicated that his property was prone to flooding. In any event, even assuming that the area is subject to "frequent and periodic flooding," the permit requirements or other necessary safeguards, if any, associated with filling clean debris in such an area are not the subject of this proceeding. Investigative Costs A Department representative spent 66 hours investigating this matter for the Department. At a then-hourly rate of $18.54, this totals $1,223.64 in investigative costs. The reasonableness of this amount was not disputed by Respondents.
Findings Of Fact Petitioner owns and operates a gasoline station located at 4625 U.S. 27 North, Davenport, Florida. The site was constructed in late 1986 and opened in early 1987. The underground tanks storing the gasoline are connected by pipes running underground to the pumps from which the gasoline is dispensed. A small portion of the underground supply pipe is accessible from the surface through a manhole. The excavated area exposing the pipe and what appears to be a valve are separated from the surrounding soil by a large, cylindrical corrugated pipe laid perpendicular to and above the underground supply pump. The leak in question was caused when the lower edge of the corrugated pipe cut into the underground supply pipe for the premium gasoline. The cut was caused by the cumulative effect of vehicular traffic driving over the manhole cover, placing pressure on the corrugated pipe, and eventually forcing the edge of the corrugated pipe to rupture the underground supply pipe with which it was in contact. Petitioner owns and operates a large number of gasoline stations. This incident is the first time that a corrugated pipe has cut into an underground supply pipe. The use of the corrugated pipe is not at issue in the present case. Pursuant to company policy, station employees complete a daily recap each day and forward the recap document to Petitioner. Part of the recap document is devoted to "gas inventory." The daily recap, which covers the preceding 24 hours, requires that an employee determine the amount of gasoline in each underground storage tank, adjust the figure for amounts sold and delivered, and then compare the figure to the amount determined to have been in the tank 24 hours earlier. This reconciliation is normally completed by mid- to late-morning each day. A station employee "sticks" each tank to determine how much gasoline it contains. The procedure requires that the employee insert a pole into the bottom of an underground tank. By observing the length of the pole dampened by gasoline, the employee can calculate approximately the amount of gasoline in the tank. Although stick reading results in an approximation, the results are fairly accurate, leaving at most, in the case of this 12,000-gallon tank, a margin of error of 50 gallons. "Sticking" normally takes place daily between 6:30 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. On the morning of March 6, 1988, which was a Sunday, the employee sticking the tank calculated that the premium tank held 5419 gallons. There had been no deliveries during the preceding 24 hours. During the same period, the station had sold 914 gallons of premium gasoline. However, the last sticking 24 hours earlier had disclosed 7989 gallons. A total of 1656 gallons were thus unaccounted for. The recap document requires that the station notify Respondent's "Dist. Mgr. immediately if shortage of 500 gallons or more appears." The employee failed to do so. On the morning of March 7, 1988, the employee sticking the premium tank calculated that it held 2147 gallons. During the preceding 24 hours, there had been no deliveries and 826 gallons of premium gasoline had been sold. Consequently, 2446 gallons were missing, for a total of 4102 gallons over the past two stickings. As soon as the reconciliation was completed, the employee contacted Respondent's management, which ordered that the pump be shut down during the afternoon of March 7, 1988. Comparing the sales of premium gasoline for the 24- hour period ending March 8 with those ending March 7, which are comparable because the sale of regular gasoline on those two days is almost identical, the station sold about 39% of a normal day's sales of premium gasoline. Reflecting the shutdown of the premium pumps on March 7, the employee sticking the tank on the morning of March 8, 1988, found 593 gallons. During the preceding 24 hours, there had been no deliveries and sales of 321 gallons of premium had been sold, leaving 1233 gallons unaccounted for. The total over the three stickings was 5335 gallons lost. The station had previously not experienced losses even approaching this magnitude. The daily recap for the 24-hour period ending on March 5, 1988, showed no significant loss. Although fluctuations in volume may occur shortly after deliveries due to temperature differentials, such fluctuations could not reasonably have accounted for these vast discrepancies. Theft, measurement errors, and recording errors may also account for variations in readings, but not of the magnitude and repetition involved in this case. Between the time of the reconciliation on the morning of March 6 and the system shutdown on the afternoon of March 7, the system continued operating and, thus, leaking for 28-30 hours. Given that 2446 gallons were lost during the 24-hour period ending on March 7 and 1233 gallons lost during about 9 hours on March 8, at least 100 gallons per hour were escaping from the pipe during these last 28-30 hours, for a total of between 2800 and 3000 gallons. For reasons discussed in the Conclusions of Law, the actions and omissions of the station employees following the reconciliation of inventory figures on March 6 constituted gross negligence in the maintenance of a petroleum storage system. These actions and omissions were in the scope of employment. During the relevant period of time, none of Respondent's employees performed monthly checks of the monitoring wells to determine the presence of leaks. This failure was due to ignorance and was not wilful. This failure in no way contributed to the leak or to any delay in discovering the leak. During the relevant period of time, the monitoring wells had not been properly grouted to prevent introduction of surficial contamination. However, this failure was unknown to Petitioner, which had hired a contractor to construct the wells and reasonably had relied on the contractor to grout properly the monitoring wells. The improper grouting in no way contributed to the leak or to any delay in discovering the leak. During the relevant period of time, Petitioner was not performing weekly or five-day averages of inventory records concerning gasoline. The failure to perform these reconciliations in no way contributed to the leak or to any delay in discovering the leak. Following the discovery of the leak, Petitioner notified Respondent on March 8. Petitioner requested approval to participate in the Early Detection Incentive Program by filing a Notification Application dated March 29, 1988. On July 14, 1988, Respondent completed the Pollutant Storage Tank System Inspection Report Form and Early Detection Incentive Program Compliance Verification Checklist. These documents indicate that Respondent was not monitoring monthly its monitoring wells, failed to grout properly its monitoring wells, was not performing the weekly or five-day averages of inventory (although it was taking daily inventory and reconciling opening and closing inventories), and did not immediately investigate the 1600-gallon shortage disclosed on the morning of March 6, 1988. By letter dated September 30, 1988, Respondent notified Petitioner that its site was ineligible for state-administered cleanup under the Early Detection Incentive Program. The letter cited as reasons the wilful failure to perform monthly checks of the monitoring well, the failure to immediately investigate discrepancies in inventory records while the system continued to operate after initial discovery of the 1600-gallon loss, and the improper construction of the monitoring well with respect to the improper grouting. The letter concludes that these items constitute gross negligence in the maintenance of a petroleum storage system, which precludes participation in the program.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing, it is hereby recommended that the Department of Environmental Regulation enter a Final Order denying the application of Petitioner to participate in the Early Detection Incentive Program. RECOMMENDED this 26th day of March, 1990, in Tallahassee, Florida. ROBERT E. MEALE Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, FL 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 26th day of March, 1990. APPENDIX TO RECOMMENDED ORDER, CASE NO. 89-1561 Treatment Accorded Proposed Findings of Petitioner 1-4: adopted. 5-6: adopted in substance. 7-16: adopted. 17: rejected as unsupported by the greater weight of the evidence. 18-20: adopted or adopted in substance. 21: to the extent that this proposed finding suggests that Petitioner was performing the five-day or weekly averaging, rejected as unsupported by the greater weight of the evidence. However, in view of the findings and conclusions contained in the Recommended Order, rejected as unnecessary. 22-26: adopted. Treatment Accorded Proposed Findings of Respondent 1-4: rejected as conclusions of law. 5-6: adopted. 7-16: rejected as subordinate. 17: rejected as an inference unsupported by the greater weight of the evidence. 18-26: adopted. 27: rejected as irrelevant. 28-29 and 31: rejected as legal argument. 30: adopted. 32: adopted. 33: adopted except that the system was shut down at some point into the day of the second sticking showing a significant shortage. 34-38: adopted or adopted in substance. 39: rejected as speculation. 40: rejected as irrelevant. 41-42: adopted. 43: rejected as irrelevant. 44-45: rejected as subordinate. 46: adopted. 47-49: rejected as subordinate. 50: adopted. 51-53: rejected as vague with respect to reference to "Racetrac." 54: adopted. 55: rejected as cumulative. 56-57: rejected as unnecessary. COPIES FURNISHED: Dale H. Twachtmann Secretary Department of Environmental Regulation Twin Towers Office Building 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 Daniel H. Thompson General Counsel Department of Environmental Regulation 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 Steven M. Mills Decker & Hallman Suite 1200 Marquis II Tower 285 Peachtree Center Avenue Atlanta, GA 30303 Michael P. Donaldson Assistant General Counsel Twin Towers Office Building 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400
