At one point this person was going to be living with me, so he is running a background check. He does have a history from 2004 when he was "young and dumb"....can my landlord tell me he can no longer visit?
Visit, no...unless there is some sort of court order. The landlord can certainly restrict you from having roommates. A good lease will detail what constitutes a visitor and a roommate (e.g. visitors cannot stay more than 3 consecutive overnights within a two week period). As you have previously suggested to the landlord that this person may live with you, it's reasonable to expect the landlord to have a close eye on the situation.