The doctrines you are concerned about are named "res judicata" and "collateral estoppel." Neither one apply unless and until there is a final judgment on the underlying dispute.
If the complaint was dismissed (not the bankruptcy -- the complaint filed in bankruptcy court), then there is no problem with res judicata and collateral estoppel. You should refile in the appropriate court quickly, however, so as to minimize any potential statute of limitation problem.
