I am a citizen, and I want to apply for social security. But I am worried about this information not matching and getting myself and my family in trouble.
The issue is your name, not your mom's name, because you are registering for Social Security. If your mom pretended to be someone else, then that is a completely different issue. It should not affect you if you were born in the United States.
If your mother has concerns, then she should contact a competent and experienced immigration attorney before there are any other complications. Good luck.
The above is general information, not legal advice, and does not create an attorney client relationship.