Findings Of Fact Based upon the evidence adduced at hearing, and the record as a whole, the following Findings of Fact are made: The Department is a state government licensing and regulatory agency. Respondent Agency is a Florida-licensed (Class "A" license number A88- 00297 private investigative agency. Respondent Foreman is the owner of the Agency. He is a Florida-licensed (Class "C" license number C00-02486) private investigator. He has been licensed for approximately the past 20 years. At no time during the period of his licensure has the Department taken any disciplinary action against him. At around 10:00 a.m. on the morning of September 30, 1994, Foreman interrupted his work schedule to drive a male tenant living in an apartment that he owned (hereinafter referred to as the "Tenant") to the Henderson Mental Health Clinic, an outpatient mental health facility located in Broward County, Florida. The Tenant needed to receive treatment at the clinic. After parking his vehicle, Foreman escorted the Tenant to the reception area of the facility. Foreman was wearing a gun belt and a holster. A loaded firearm was encased in the holster. It was a warm day and Foreman did not have on a jacket. 2/ Consequently, the holstered firearm was in plain view. At the time, Foreman had a Department-issued Class "W" Concealed Weapon or Firearm License, but he did not have a Class "G" Statewide Firearm Permit. 3/ Detective Joel Maney of the Fort Lauderdale Police Department was working a uniformed off-duty security detail at Henderson Mental Health Clinic that morning. From his position behind the reception counter, Detective Maney observed Foreman enter the reception area with the Tenant and noticed that Foreman was carrying a firearm. Not wanting to cause a disturbance inside the facility, Detective Maney did not immediately confront Foreman. He did, however, monitor Foreman's activity. After informing the receptionist that the Tenant had arrived and was waiting to be seen, Foreman left the facility. Detective Maney followed Foreman outside. As Foreman was walking on the sidewalk toward his vehicle, Detective Maney approached him and asked for identification. Foreman responded to the request by stating that he was a detective/investigator and that he did not have time to talk inasmuch as he was in the middle of an investigation. Eventually, Foreman produced his Florida driver license, his Class "C" Private Investigator License, and his Class "W" Concealed Weapon or Firearm License for Detective Maney. He also showed Detective Maney a five-pointed, star-shaped badge. In the center of the badge was a replica of the Great Seal of the State of Florida. The words, "Special Investigator Foreman Investigative," were inscribed around the seal. When Detective Maney first saw the badge, he thought it was a Broward County deputy sheriff's badge because of its shape and because it bore the Great Seal of the State of Florida. Unlike a Broward County deputy sheriff's badge, however, Foreman's badge did not have a map of Florida superimposed on the seal. Moreover, the written inscription on the badge was different than that found on a Broward County deputy sheriff's badge. Throughout the period that he has been licensed, Foreman has used this badge as a means of identifying himself in connection with the performance of his duties as a private investigator.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is hereby RECOMMENDED that the Department enter a final order (1) finding the evidence sufficient to establish that Respondent Foreman committed the violations alleged in Counts II and II of the Amended Administrative Complaint, disciplining Respondent Foreman him for having committed these violations by imposing an administrative fine in the amount of $500.00, and (3) dismissing the remaining counts of the Amended Administrative Complaint. DONE AND ENTERED in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida, this 12th day of October, 1995. STUART M. LERNER Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 12th day of October, 1995.
The Issue The issues in these consolidated cases are: Whether The Buxton Group, Incorporated, and Kavin P. Buxton (hereinafter jointly referred to as "Buxton") committed fraud, deceit, negligence, or misconduct, and, if so, whether the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (the "Department") may deny the issuance of or revoke various licenses held by Buxton--DOAH Case No. 10-2197; and Whether administrative denial of Buxton's existing Class "G" license is warranted--DOAH Case No. 10-2198.
Findings Of Fact The Department is the state agency responsible for, inter alia, the issuance and monitoring of various licenses related to the field of private security. It is the Department's responsibility to take disciplinary action against any licensee who violates statutes or rules relating to the licenses issued by the Department. Buxton has held, now holds, or has applied for the following licenses which are issued by the Department: D9414758: A security officer's license which has an expiration date of August 30, 2010; DI9900012: An instructor's license for which Buxton applied for, but was denied renewal; B9400126: A license to operate a security agency. Buxton's license has expired and there is an administrative action pending against it; G9402513: A statewide firearms license. Buxton's license has expired, and his request for renewal has been denied by the Department; A9700094: A private investigative agency license, effective May 19, 2008; and MB9500099: A license to manage a security agency. Buxton's license has expired, and there is an administrative action pending. The basis of the Department's disciplinary actions against Buxton's licenses (and the reason the Department has denied applications for renewals) is an incident occurring on March 27, 2008, in Pinellas Park, Florida. Buxton was on that date working as a security guard for Dew Cadillac, a new and used car dealership. At approximately 5:05 a.m., Buxton was returning to the dealership after taking a coffee break off-site. He was driving his personal automobile down an unpaved track of land on the east side of the dealership. He turned unto an unpaved area at the northern end of the lot at which time he noticed movement around an employee's pick-up truck which was parked in the car lot. It appeared a window of the truck had been broken, and there was glass lying around the outside of the vehicle. Buxton approached the vehicle and found a person (later identified as Mark Lobban) "rummaging around" in the cab of the truck. Buxton noted that two windows had been smashed, and there was a dent in the passenger side door. Buxton ordered Lobban to exit the vehicle. When Lobban came out of the truck, his eyes indicated a drugged or intoxicated state, and he reached his hand into his shirt along the front waistline of his pants. When Buxton saw that movement, he drew his weapon, a Springfield Armory XP 9mm semi-automatic handgun, for which he held a current permit to carry. Lobban took his hand out of his shirt and stated that he was looking for his cousin. Buxton ordered Lobban to the ground and began to dial 9-1-1 as he kept an eye on Lobban. Just as Buxton finished dialing 9-1-1, Lobban allegedly lunged at Buxton, then took off running. Lobban ran behind some Hummer vehicles parked nearby. Buxton says that as Lobban ran, he again reached his hand into his shirt near his waistline. That placed Buxton in fear that Lobban may have a gun, so Buxton ran to another row of Hummers for protection and began firing shots toward Lobban from his own handgun. Lobban then ran past the row of Hummers and appeared to be exiting the premises. Buxton followed Lobban and later recounted in his Firearms Incident Report, that he ran toward Lobban "to insure that the suspect was actually exiting the property. At this point, I felt he was possibly running away. I followed further in an attempt to maintain sight of the suspect." Lobban approached a hedgerow located at the west side of the dealership, attempted to jump over it, but caught his leg and fell over the hedges. By this time, Buxton had cleared the last line of parked vehicles and, thus, had no more cover. When Lobban stood up on the other side of the hedgerow, he turned to face Buxton. Buxton wrote in his report, "Fearing he had drawn a weapon behind the hedge, I fired another round, at which time the suspect turned and fled east, through the wooded area adjacent to the property." Lobban did not at any time display or fire a weapon at Buxton. Buxton returned to his cell phone which he had dropped when first apprehending Lobban. The 911 operator was just calling him back at that moment. Buxton was put through to PPPD and, within minutes, the first officer, Scott Martin, arrived at the dealership. Martin had ensured that a police perimeter was established around the dealership concurrent with his arrival. When Scott got to the dealership, he found Buxton and was briefed as to what had transpired. A brief search of the premises was commenced pending arrival of the PPPD K-9 unit. While awaiting their arrival, Buxton spotted Lobban hiding under a vehicle in the dealership's service area. Lobban was apprehended by Scott and placed in a police cruiser. Scott determined that Lobban was impaired, probably by alcohol, and was essentially incoherent. Scott did an "article search" of the premises to see if any items belonging to Lobban could be found. A cell phone and wallet were recovered, but there was no sign of a firearm. The search did not concentrate on a firearm specifically, but the search was intended to find any item that Lobban had handled. The K-9 unit was able to trace Lobban's scent through the Hummers, across the hedgerow and back to the service area. The search concentrated on the areas where Lobban had been known to have crossed. No search was done of the wooded area behind the hedge, because the tracking dogs did not point to that area as having been traveled by Lobban. Scott reported in to his headquarters after hearing Buxton's explanation of the events that transpired. The discharge of a weapon in that scenario seemed unwarranted to Scott, so he reported it to his supervisor. Within minutes, Detective Doswell arrived at the dealership to further investigate the situation. Doswell arrived to find Lobban already in custody and Buxton standing in the parking lot with another security guard. Buxton told Scott he had fired four shots at Lobban initially and then two more shots after Lobban jumped the hedge. However, there were five shell casings found in the first location and only one near the hedgerow. The events concerned Doswell enough that he asked Buxton to come into headquarters and make a statement about what had occurred. Buxton initially agreed to do so. After a few minutes, however, he handed his cell phone to Doswell so that Doswell could talk to Buxton's attorney. Doswell and the attorney set up a meeting for later that same day, a Thursday. The attorney later called Doswell and said he and Buxton could not come in until the next day (Friday), so the meeting was rescheduled for that day. On Friday, March 28, 2010, Buxton and his attorney arrived at the PPPD headquarters. Doswell informed Buxton that he was investigating the event as a probable illegal discharge of a firearm and that criminal charges could be filed. Buxton was not read his Miranda rights at that time however, in that no charges had yet been filed. At some point, Doswell determined that Buxton had been involved in another incident relating to the discharge of his firearm while on duty. In that case, Buxton was working at a bowling alley when a group of kids attempted to "jump him." One kid spit on Buxton and during the brief confrontation, Buxton pulled his firearm. Buxton discharged his gun, firing into the ceiling of the establishment (because, said Buxton, someone hit his arm just as he was shooting. Buxton did not say what he was aiming at when he fired.). After interviewing Buxton and his attorney, Doswell revisited Dew Cadillac and did some further investigation. Fragments of bullets from Buxton's firearm had been recovered from the tires of two Hummers on the car lot. In order to obtain licenses which allow a person to use a firearm in conducting their authorized activities, a person must undergo a background check and certain training and education. The Class "D" license held by Buxton required 40 hours of training (which can be dispensed with if the applicant has prior corrections or law enforcement experience). The training necessarily included instruction from the Firearm Instructor's Training Manual (the "Manual"). The Manual specifically warns against the unauthorized use of deadly force, i.e., discharging a firearm at an individual. The Manual stresses the need to retreat and disengage, rather than entering into a situation that might require using the firearm. Several examples are set out in the Manual to provide applicants guidance about how to avoid using deadly force. Two of those examples follow: Situation #1: You are guarding a liquor store and are advised by a customer that there is an armed robbery in progress. You look around the corner and see a man rushing out the front door with a firearm in his hand. Instructor Discussion: Instead of immediately looking around the corner, call the police first. The suspect could turn around and see you as you look around the corner, thus, increasing the probability of armed conflict. The man is running away from you, and there is no threat of death or great bodily injury. Don't shoot. Situation #2: You have been advised that a burglary has occurred at a warehouse you are guarding. The suspects were observed leaving the scene in a blue, 1972 Dodge. Later that night, while patrolling the grounds in a well-marked security vehicle, you observe the suspects' vehicle traveling through the parking lot at a high rate of speed with the headlights off. You see a flash come from the driver's side of the suspect's vehicle and, almost simultaneously, the front windshield of your patrol car cracks. The suspect vehicle continues through the parking lot at a high rate of speed. Instructor Discussion: Don't shoot. Record the license number and description of the vehicle and suspects if it is possible to do so from a covered position. Pursuit could result in serious injury to you or to innocent bystanders who may get in the way. Call for police as soon as possible. According to the expert testimony at final hearing (which was not rebutted or contradicted by Buxton), each of the above-described situations is more egregious than the one Buxton encountered at Dew Cadillac. It is clear that discharge of a firearm in Buxton's situation would be contrary to the guidance provided in the training materials. Each of the facts stated herein are based upon the testimony of live witnesses and written statements from police and investigative reports. Each of the witnesses appeared knowledgeable about his area of testimony, and each was credible. Buxton provided no evidence to contest or rebut any of the evidence.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that a final order be entered by the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services denying Buxton's licensure application for License No. G9402513 and taking such action as the Department deems appropriate as to each of Buxton's other licenses issued by the Department. DONE AND ENTERED this 10th day of September, 2010, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S R. BRUCE MCKIBBEN Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 10th day of September, 2010. COPIES FURNISHED: Honorable Charles H. Bronson Commissioner of Agriculture Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services The Capitol, Plaza Level 10 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0810 Richard D. Tritschler, General Counsel Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 407 South Calhoun Street, Suite 520 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0800 Christopher E. Green, Chief Bureau of License and Bond Division of Marketing Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 407 South Calhoun Street, Mail Stop 38 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0800 Tracy Sumner, Esquire Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Post Office Box 3168 Tallahassee, Florida 32315-3168 Kavin P. Buxton Post Office Box 13644 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733
The Issue Whether Respondent, the holder of a Class "D" Security Officer License and a Class "G" Statewide Firearm License, committed the offenses alleged in the Administrative Complaint and the penalties, if any, that should be imposed.
Findings Of Fact Respondent holds Class "D" Security Officer License Number D94-10889, which was issued pursuant to Chapter 493, Florida Statutes, effective July 6, 1996, to July 6, 1998. Respondent also holds Class "G" Statewide Firearm License Number G94-02779, effective September 29, 1996, to September 29, 1998. At the times pertinent to this proceeding, Respondent was employed by Navarro Security. On November 18 and 19, Respondent was on duty at a security post during the evening and early morning hours. The assigned post was Star Motors, a Mercedes-Benz car dealership located on Federal Highway (U.S. 1) in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Respondent had the responsibility of providing security for the vehicles and other property located at the dealership. Respondent had been instructed to park his vehicle at the front part of the dealership property so he could observe at all times the inventory that was parked on an open lot. Respondent was to carry a two-way radio with him while on he was on duty and he was required to respond to hourly radio checks from his supervisors. Respondent was not permitted to sleep while on duty. On November 18, 1996, Randy Robinson, a supervisor (captain) employed by Navarro Security, was dispatched to Star Motors because Respondent had missed a radio check at 11:00 p.m. Mr. Robinson arrived at Star Motors at approximately 11:40 p.m. and observed Respondent to be asleep in his own vehicle at a location adjacent to, but off the premises of, Star Motors. Mr. Robinson photographed Respondent using flash bulbs and shined a flashlight on his face. Respondent did not awaken until Mr. Robinson knocked on the windshield of Respondent's vehicle. On November 19, 1996, shortly before 2:54 a.m., Respondent missed another radio check. Mike Crutcher, a supervisor (lieutenant) employed by Navarro Security was dispatched to Star Motors. Mr. Crutcher arrived at Star Motors at 2:54 a.m. and observed Respondent asleep in his vehicle. The vehicle was parked in the circular drive on the premises of Star Motors. Mr. Crutcher photographed Respondent using a flash bulb. Respondent did not awaken until Mr. Crutcher knocked on the vehicle.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that Respondent's Class "D" Security Licensed be revoked. It is further RECOMMENDED that no action be taken against Respondent's Class "G" Statewide Firearms License. DONE AND ENTERED this 31st day of March, 1998, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. CLAUDE B. ARRINGTON Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 31st day of March, 1998. COPIES FURNISHED: Michele Guy, Esquire Department of State Division of Licensing The Capitol, Mail Station No. 4 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250 Arthur W. Francis, pro se 506 Northwest 3rd Street Apartment 2 Dania, Florida 33004 Honorable Sandra B. Mortham Secretary of State The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250 Don Bell, General Counsel Department of State The Capitol, Plaza Level 02 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0450
Findings Of Fact Respondent, Glen Thurlow (Thurlow), was certified by the Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission (Commission) on June 15, 1982, and was issued Certificate Number 02-3128. Thurlow has been employed by the West Palm Beach Police Department (WPBPD) for the last eight years. On the evening of November 24, 1990, Thurlow was assigned as a police officer to the WPBPD Criminal Apprehension Team (CAT), which is a street crimes unit. That evening Thurlow was partnered for the first time with Lee Rollins (Rollins), a fellow police officer on CAT. Thurlow and Rollins were assigned as plain clothes officers in an unmarked police vehicle, an old, gold Cadillac. Thurlow had on a black T-shirt, combat pants, black combat boots, duty leather and underneath his shirt a bullet-proof vest with a trauma plate. Rollins was dressed in a black T-shirt and jeans. He was not wearing duty leather, but was wearing a utility belt fastened with velcro. Both officers wore their police badges on a chain underneath their shirts. Around 10:30 p.m., near the end of their duty shift, they were returning to the police station. Thurlow was driving south on South Dixie Highway headed toward the Belvedere Road intersection. As they approached the intersection, the officers saw a man, later identified as Robert Jewett (Jewett), dressed in cut-off jeans, a T-shirt, and a cap standing near the middle of the south bound lanes on South Dixie Highway past the Belvedere Road intersection, near the Palm Beach Post Building. The officers continued through the Belvedere Road intersection toward Jewett. As they approached Jewett, he stuck out his left hand in a "hitchhiking gesture." Thurlow pulled over to the side of the road near the parking lot of the Palm Beach Post Building. When Thurlow pulled over, Jewett ran up to the car and got in the back seat. Rollins showed Jewett his police badge, told Jewett that he was a police officer, and requested Jewett to step outside the car. Jewett complied. Rollins exited the Cadillac and Thurlow remained inside. Rollins asked Jewett for his driver's license, which Jewett gave him. Rollins radioed the police dispatcher with the information on the driver's license in order to determine whether there were any outstanding warrants on Jewett. Rollins advised Jewett that he was going to charge him with hitchhiking, but that if there were no warrants against Jewett that he would be given a Notice to Appear and released at the scene, rather than being taken down to the police station. Rollins told Jewett to place his hands on top of the car and spread his legs so that Rollins could search him for weapons. Jewett complied. Thurlow, still sitting in the driver's seat, was monitoring the conversation between Rollins and Jewett. Rollins began the weapons search at Jewett's shoulder and continued down to his left pocket. Finding nothing, he started to search the right pocket. At that time Jewett brought his right arm down from the top of the car. Rollins caught his arm, put it back on top of the car, and told him to keep his hands on the top of the car. As Rollins proceeded to search Jewett's right pocket, Jewett brought his right arm down and stuck it in his pocket. At the same time he came around with his left elbow and hit Rollins on the left side of his chest, knocking him around. Rollins pulled Jewett's hand out of his pocket and they began to struggle. Rollins pulled his flashlight from his back pocket and tried to hit Jewett on his left forearm. Jewett tried to kick Rollins in the groin and Rollins grabbed Jewett's T-shirt. Their feet tangled, the men went down and Rollins fell back toward the car, hitting his head on the back door. Rollins was stunned from the blow to his head. Thurlow felt the Cadillac rock as if someone had bumped against the car. Rollins called to Thurlow to give him some assistance. Thurlow exited the car and came around to the passenger side, where he saw Rollins sitting on the ground with his back to the car, and Jewett straddling and leaning over Rollins with his arms raised as if he were preparing to hit Rollins. Thurlow ran up behind Jewett and put his arm below Jewett's Adam's apple in Jewett's upper chest area in order to pull Jewett back from Rollins. Jewett began to fight and had Thurlow on the balls of his feet. They went towards the front of the car. Jewett went down on his knees with Thurlow's arm still around him. Jewett stood up with Thurlow on his back and they both went backwards, and as a result Thurlow's arm slipped up towards Jewett's chin. Rollins, seeing Jewett put his right hand in his pocket, ran over to Jewett and tried to grab his right hand. The three men fell to the ground and rolled backwards landing in a grassy area. Thurlow still had his arm around Jewett's neck. Thurlow was on the bottom, Jewett in the middle and Rollins on top. Thurlow released his hold on Jewett and slipped out from under Jewett. Thurlow was on Jewett's left side and Rollins was sitting to Jewett's right, about, waist-high facing away from Jewett. Jewett was grabbing at his right pocket. Rollins saw a metal object in the area of Jewett's right pocket. Rollins took his flashlight and swiped at the metal object, sending both the flashlight and the metal object flying off in an easterly direction. Rollins told Jewett to quit struggling. Jewett grabbed the butt of Rollins' gun. Rollins hollered to Thurlow that Jewett had his gun. Rollins hit Jewett in the groin three to four times. Thurlow got up and threw a punch at Jewett connecting at Jewett's left eye. At that point Jewett quit fighting. Thurlow held Jewett's arm over the curb and told Rollins to handcuff Jewett. Having lost his handcuffs in the struggle, Rollins used Thurlow's handcuffs and cuffed Jewett's hands behind his back. All three men were breathing hard and sweating. Rollins told Thurlow that he had lost his flashlight and that something had been thrown out of Jewett's hand during the struggle. Thurlow left Rollins with Jewett and went to look for the lost items. At the time Thurlow left Rollins and Jewett, Jewett was breathing. During the struggle, Rollins' handcuffs, radio, and ammo pouch came off his belt. Rollins found his radio and called the dispatcher at 22:35:52 hours to report the incident. He then went to look for the rest of his missing equipment and was gone approximately one to one and a half minutes. Rollins returned to Jewett and started to pick him up; however Jewett was limp. Rollins put him back on the ground and tried to take his pulse. Because Rollins was still in an excited state from the fight, he could not tell whether he was getting a pulse from Jewett. He tried to take Jewett's pulse again but still could not determine whether he was getting a pulse. Thurlow, having found the flashlight in the grass and an open pocketknife on the sidewalk, walked back over to Rollins and Jewett. Thurlow asked Rollins if something was wrong with Jewett, and Rollins replied that Jewett did not look well. At 22:39:54 hours Thurlow radioed for the paramedics. At 22:43:35 hours, Thurlow again radioed for the paramedics to hurry and get to the scene. Rollins again checked for a pulse but could not determine whether there was a pulse. A few minutes later firefighters, responding to a medical call, arrived on the scene. One of the firefighters checked Jewett's pulse and breathing and determined that Jewett was not breathing and did not have a pulse. Jewett was pale with some discoloration and swelling about the face. Within several seconds, the rescue team arrived. The rescue team got Jewett uncuffed and began to administer advanced life support. Jewett was transported to a hospital where he was pronounced dead. Both Thurlow and Rollins were trained to administer CPR; however the unmarked police vehicle did not contain rubber gloves or a bag which are used in administering CPR to protect the person administering CPR from diseases such as AIDS which could be transmitted by bodily fluids. Additionally, Jewett appeared to be breathing, which would mean that he was not a candidate for CPR. At the time of the incident, Joseph Huffman and his girlfriend were traveling north on South Dixie Highway in a van. The van had windows on the rear doors and on the passenger and driver doors. As Mr. Huffman approached the Palm Beach Post parking lot, he saw two men scuffling on the hood of the gold Cadillac. He began to slow down to watch the fracas. He observed the fight for approximately 20 to 30 seconds, during which time he looked over to the El Cid Bar to see if anyone was watching. His girlfriend observed that Huffman tried to look at the fight through his side mirror but couldn't see so he stuck his head out the driver's window and glanced back once or twice, looking forward to check the approaching traffic. Huffman recalled seeing a third man strike Jewett at least 20 times in the groin with a flashlight; however the medical evidence does not support Mr. Huffman's assertion. Having judged the credibility of the witness, I find that Mr. Huffman's recollection is not credible. An autopsy was performed on Jewett by the Palm Beach County Medical Examiner, Dr. James Benz. The autopsy revealed that Jewett had a black eye, markings on the forehead and neck area, minor bruises and abrasions on the right forearm, abrasions on the knees, and abrasions on the right wrist. Jewett suffered fractured ribs and bruising of the left lung underlying the rib fractures. There was a "blow out" of the heart. There was hemorrhaging underneath the Adam's apple and an irregular fracture in the lamana below the Adam's apple. The hyoid bone, which sits above the voice box, was fractured. There were no injuries to the upper thighs, penis or lower abdomen. There was a mild bruise in the testicle area and hemorrhaging in the left testicle. The injuries to the testicles are not consistent with Jewett's being hit between 10 to 20 times with a flashlight in the groin. The "blow out" of Jewett's heart is called a cardiac tamponade. Most probably as a result of the impact to Jewett's chest when he, Rollins, and Thurlow fell to the ground, a thin area of Jewett's heart blew out forming a small hole in Jewett's heart. The heart pumped blood through the small hole into the pericardial sac. As a result of the blood flowing into the pericardial sac, the heart could not expand and death occurred. The cardiac tamponade did not occur after Jewett died nor did it occur in a peri-mortem, near-death state. The cardiac tamponade did occur while Jewett was alive and death occurred some time later. Based on the testimony of Dr. Charles Petty, an expert in forensic pathology, I find that the injuries to Jewett's neck occurred as a result of forceful application of force to the neck, which is consistent with a fall across a rounded object such as a forearm rather than police carotid holds and choke downs. The Use of Force Matrix from the Florida Department of Law Enforcement is the state standard concerning the use of force by law enforcement officers. The matrix lists the resistance levels of a subject and indicates the appropriate level of force to be used by an officer in responding to the various levels of resistance. An aggressive physical resistance is defined as overt, hostile attacking movements which may cause injury, but are not likely to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or others. Aggravated physical resistance is when the subject makes overt, hostile, attacking movements with or without a weapon, with the intent and apparent ability to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or others. The resistance level of Jewett when he was straddled and leaning over Rollins as Rollins was up against the fender of the Cadillac and Jewett's actions at the front of the car with Thurlow constitutes aggressive physical resistance. The matrix guidelines indicate that an officer may use all levels of force with the exception of deadly force in dealing with aggressive physical resistance. When Thurlow grabbed Jewett from behind to remove Jewett from his position of standing over Rollins, Thurlow was not using deadly force. His arm was not under Jewett's chin but was lower, nearer the upper chest area. The resistance level of Jewett when he was trying to get Rollins' gun constitutes aggravated physical resistance. The matrix guidelines for force to counter aggravated physical resistance include among other things, counter moves, incapacitation, and deadly force. Deadly force includes techniques that may result in imminent or serious injury, unconsciousness or permanent disfigurement, such as impact weapon strikes to the head or use of firearms. Thus, Thurlow's punch to Jewett's face was within the matrix guidelines.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that a Final Order be entered dismissing the Administrative Complaint against Respondent, Glen H. Thurlow. DONE AND ENTERED this 27th day of October, 1994, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. SUSAN B. KIRKLAND Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 27th day of October, 1994. APPENDIX TO RECOMMENDED ORDER, CASE NO. 93-2593 To comply with the requirements of Section 120.59(2), Florida Statutes (1993), the following rulings are made on the parties' proposed findings of fact: Petitioner's Proposed Findings of Fact Paragraphs 1-3: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 4: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraphs 5-8: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 9: The first sentence is accepted in substance with the exception of the word "allegedly" which is rejected. The second sentence is accepted in substance. Paragraphs 10-12: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 13: The first two sentences are accepted in substance. The last sentence is rejected as not supported by the greater weight of the evidence. Paragraph 14: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 15: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 16: The first sentence is accepted in substance. The second sentence is accepted in substance; however it should be noted that it appeared to Thurlow that Jewett was about to strike Rollins. Paragraph 17: The first and second sentences are rejected as not supported by the greater weight of the evidence. The evidence established that Thurlow jumped across Jewett's back, placing his arm across Jewett below Jewett's Adam's apple. The second sentence is accepted in substance. Paragraph 18: Accepted that Thurlow and Jewett continued to struggle. Rejected that Thurlow continued to maintain a choke hold on Jewett. The greater weight of the evidence established that Thurlow's arm did not slip up under Jewett's chin until Jewett and Thurlow began to fall backward. Paragraph 19: Rejected as not supported by the greater weight of the evidence. Paragraph 20: Accepted in substance with the exception of "continued to hold Mr. Jewett in a choke hold." The evidence established that Thurlow's did not have a choke hold on Jewett until they fell backwards and that the choke hold was not an intentional action but rather resulted from the struggle between Jewett and Thurlow and Rollins running into them. Paragraph 21-22: Accepted in substance. Paragraphs 23: Accepted in substance except to the extent that such finding implies that Thurlow had a choke hold on Jewett at the time that Huffman saw them. Paragraphs 24-26: Having judged the credibility of the witnesses, I find that Huffman's testimony concerning the repeated striking of Jewett in his groin not to be credible, particularly considering the medical evidence and the fact that Huffman was driving down the street while he was trying to look at the fight and keep track of traffic both in front of and behind him. Paragraph 27: Rejected as not supported by the greater weight of the evidence. Paragraph 28: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 29: Rejected as not supported by the greater weight of the evidence. Paragraph 30: Rejected to the extent that it implies that Thurlow had a choke hold on Jewett the entire time that they were struggling. The evidence established that Thurlow did not start out with a choke hold but that during the struggle, Thurlow's arm slipped underneath Jewett's chin. Paragraphs 31-35: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 36: Accepted in substance to the extent that at one point in time while Jewett was supine on the ground his head was turned toward Thurlow and he grabbed Thurlow's shirt but rejected to the extent that it implies that during the entire time Jewett was on the ground he was looking at Thurlow and grabbing Thurlow's shirt. Paragraph 37: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 38: Accepted in substance to the extent that Thurlow did hear Rollins shout that Jewett had grabbed his gun and to the extent that Thurlow did not see Jewett actually grab the gun. Rejected to the extent that the word "claiming" implies that Rollins may not have shouted to Thurlow that Jewett had his gun and rejected to the extent that the last part of the sentence could be construed to mean that Thurlow did not see Jewett's right arm reach in the direction of Rollins' holster. Paragraphs 39-40: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 41: Accepted in substance with the exception of the word "allegedly." Paragraphs 42-45: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 46: The portion relating to rendering medical assistance is accepted in substance. The portion relating to never checking on the well being of Jewett is rejected as not supported by the evidence. Thurlow did inquire of Rollins concerning the condition of Thurlow before he called for the paramedics. Paragraph 47: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 48: Accepted in substance to the extent that Rollins did not render any first aid but rejected to the extent that Thurlow always had an unobscured view of Jewett. The evidence established that Thurlow was looking for the knife and the flashlight during a portion of the time . Paragraph 49: Rejected as constituting a conclusion of law. Paragraphs 50-51: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraphs 52-53: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 54: Rejected as not supported by the greater weight of the evidence. Paragraph 55: Rejected as not supported by the greater weight of the evidence. Paragraph 56: Accepted in substance. Paragraphs 57-59: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraphs 60-73: Rejected as unnecessary. Paragraph 74: Accepted in substance to the extent that Jewett was lying on the ground, was bloody, and was not moving. In light of the testimony of Mr. Cook that Jewett's skin was pale and there was discoloration about his face, I do not find Mr. Bouchillion's testimony that Jewett was turning blue to be credible. Paragraph 75: Accepted in substance. Paragraphs 76-77: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraphs 78-86: Accepted in substance. Paragraphs 87: Rejected as not supported by the greater weight of the evidence. Paragraph 88: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 89: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraphs 90-96: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 97: Having considered the opinions of Dr. Benz and Dr. Petty, I reject the finding to the extent that it implies that the fractures resulted from a choke hold applied prior to Thurlow, Jewett, and Rollin falling down and rolling into the grassy area. Paragraph 98: The first sentence is accepted in substance. The second sentence is rejected as not supported by the greater weight of the evidence. Paragraph 99: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 100: Rejected as not supported by the greater weight of the evidence. Paragraphs 101: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraph 102: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraph 103: Rejected as unnecessary. Paragraph 104: Accepted in substance. Paragraphs 105-109: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraph 110-111: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 112: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraph 113: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 114: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraph 115: Rejected as unnecessary. Paragraphs 116-117: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraph 118: Rejected as not supported by competent substantial evidence. Paragraph 119: Rejected to the extent that it implies that Thurlow had a choke hold on Jewett from the time there were at the rear of the Cadillac until they fell backwards. The evidence established that Thurlow did not have Jewett in a choke hold when Thurlow grabbed Jewett from behind. Paragraph 120: Rejected as constituting argument. Paragraph 121-125: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Respondent's Proposed Findings of Fact Paragraph 1: The first two sentences are accepted in substance. The last sentence is rejected as unnecessary. Paragraphs 2-3: Rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. Paragraph 4: The first and last sentences are accepted in substance. The second sentence is rejected as unnecessary. Paragraphs 5-8: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 9: The first sentence is accepted in substance. The portion of the second sentence relating to Thurlow being able to hear is accepted but the portion that Thurlow could see everything is rejected as not supported by the greater weight of the evidence. The last sentence is accepted in substance to the extent that Thurlow thought that he needed to monitor the traffic but the greater weight of the evidence established that the Cadillac was not in the lane of traffic while it was parked. Paragraphs 10-27: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 28-30: Rejected as unnecessary. Paragraph 31: Accepted in substance. Paragraph 32: The first sentence is accepted in substance. The second sentence is rejected as subordinate to the facts actually found. COPIES FURNISHED: Dawn P. Whitehurst, Esquire Paul D. Johnston, Esquire Assistant General Counsel Florida Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302-1489 Gene "Hal" Johnson, Esquire Florida Police Benevolent Association, Inc. 300 East Brevard Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Scott N. Richardson, Esquire Atterbury, Goldberger & Richardson One Clear Lake Center, Suite 1400 250 Australian Avenue, South West Palm Beach, Florida 33401-5012 A. Leon Lowry, II, Director Division of Criminal Justice Standards and Training Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 Michael Ramage General Counsel Division of Criminal Justice Standards and Training Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302
Findings Of Fact Thomas A. Baggett, Respondent, is a Tampa Bay Pilot licensed by the State of Florida and holds license number 000045. He was so licensed at all times relevant to the charges here involved. On December 13, 1985, the United States Coast Guard held a hearing concerning the Coast Guards charge of negligence against Baggett for his piloting of the T/B Bulkfleet Pennsylvania. At that hearing Baggett pleaded guilty to and was found guilty of the charge that he was negligent while piloting the T/B Bulkfleet Pennsylvania on November 19, 1985, which resulted in this vessel running aground in the vicinity of Cut "C" Channel, Hillsborough Bay, Florida. At the time of the grounding of the T/B Bulkfleet Pennsylvania, Baggett was acting under the authority of his Coast Guard license number 486856 and was subject to the jurisdiction vested in the Coast Guard under 46USC 7703 or 7704.
Findings Of Fact Based upon the evidence adduced at hearing, and the record as a whole, the following Findings of Fact are made: The Department is a state government licensing and regulatory agency. Respondent is now, and has been at all times material to the instant case, an employee of Vanguard Security and the holder of a Class "D" security guard license and a Class "G" statewide firearms license. Vanguard Security (hereinafter referred to as "Vanguard") is an agency which provides armed and unarmed security services to its clients. Vanguard has a written policy prohibiting the display and use of firearms by its security officers except where such conduct is reasonably necessary to prevent imminent bodily harm. Vanguard also has a written policy forbidding its security officers from leaving their assigned posts while they are on duty. These written policies are set forth in an employee handbook that all employees of the agency are given. On the evening of October 25, 1993, Respondent was assigned to provide armed security services in a warehouse area in Dade County, Florida. At approximately 10:00 p.m. that evening Andrea Ramsey was walking her friend's unleashed dog, a Doberman pinscher named "Chewy," in the vicinity of the warehouse area Respondent was responsible for guarding (hereinafter referred to as Respondent's "post" or "posted area"). Chewy's owner, Eileen Escardo, was working late in her photography studio which was located across the street from Respondent's post. Respondent saw Ramsey from afar. His suspicions aroused, he walked toward her to investigate. Respondent left his posted area and started to cross the street that separated the posted area from the warehouse in which Escardo's photography studio was located. When he was approximately 20 feet from Ramsey, he asked her if Chewy, who was by a tree to her left, was her dog. Ramsey responded in the affirmative. Chewy then, in a leisurely manner, headed toward Ramsey and Respondent. Although Chewy was moving in Respondent's direction, he did so in a manner that did not reasonably suggest that he was going to attack Respondent. Nonetheless, Respondent panicked. Contrary to his employer's written policies regarding the display and discharge of firearms, he drew his revolver and, when Chewy was approximately three or four feet away from him, fired the weapon, but without any intention of shooting the dog or Ramsey. The bullet hit and shattered the glass door of the business next to Escardo's photography studio. Fortunately, no one was hurt or injured. Ramsey screamed when Respondent fired his revolver. Escardo heard her friend's scream, as well as the shot that preceded it. She rushed out of her studio to see what had happened. Escardo saw Ramsey standing in the middle of the street, with Respondent nearby holding a revolver. After instructing Ramsey to call the police, Escardo walked toward Respondent. Pointing his revolver at Escardo, Respondent warned her to stay away from him. Despite the warning, Escardo, who was unarmed, continued to approach Respondent until she was close enough to push him and the revolver aside. She then turned around and walked toward her studio to wait for the police.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is hereby recommended that the Department enter a final order (1) finding the evidence sufficient to establish that Respondent committed the violations of Section 493.6118(1)(f), Florida Statutes, in alleged Counts I and II of the Amended Administrative Complaint, and (2) disciplining him for having committed these violations by revoking his Class "G" statewide firearms license. DONE AND ENTERED in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida, this 19th day of July, 1994. _ STUART M. LERNER Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 19th day of July, 1994.
The Issue The issue is whether Respondent's Correctional Certificate No. 164605 should be disciplined for the reasons set forth in the Administrative Complaint.
Findings Of Fact Based upon all of the evidence, the following findings of fact are determined: In this disciplinary proceeding, Petitioner, Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission (Commission), seeks to discipline Correctional Certificate No. 164605 held by Respondent, Eric T. Jenkins, on the grounds that in December 1998 he was in possession of more than 20 grams of cannabis, a controlled substance, and he illegally carried contraband (cannibis) onto the grounds of Florida State Prison (FSP) while employed at FSP as a correctional officer. In his request for a hearing, Respondent denied the allegations. Periodically, and without notice, the Department of Corrections (DOC) sends a small contraband interdiction team (team) to various state correctional institutions for the purpose of intercepting contraband that may be covertly brought into the facility by DOC employees or inmate visitors. The team consists of a small number of specially trained DOC employees, including K9 units, and a volunteer Florida Highway Patrol trooper, who assists the team in making arrests. On Sunday, December 20, 1998, a team targeted FSP and arrived on the premises around 5:00 a.m. The inspection lasted until shortly after the last shift of employees reported to work around 4:00 p.m. Besides patting down employees and visitors, the team also searched the vehicles of employees that were parked in the employees' parking lot inside the prison. Respondent worked the last shift that day and arrived shortly before 4:00 p.m. He was driving an Isuzu Amigo with Florida vehicle tag "WSM 82B." To assist the team in its search, the team used several specially trained dogs (Blue, Smokey, and Thor) who were assigned the task of sniffing parked vehicles for narcotic odors. When a dog recognizes a narcotic odor, it "alerts" or responds to the odor and remains passively in front of the vehicle. After Blue "alerted" at the rear of Respondent's vehicle, a second dog, Thor, was brought to the vehicle and he also responded in the same manner. Respondent was then notified that the team wished to search his vehicle, and he executed a written Consent to Search form ageeing to a search. A search conducted by a DOC officer discovered a latex glove hidden under the front passenger seat of Respondent's vehicle. Inside the glove were two compressed baggies containing approximately 55 grams of a substance that appeared to be cannibis. Laboratory testing by a state chemist confirmed that the substance was indeed cannabis, and that it weighed 51.5 grams. Although the street value of the drugs was only around $275.00, in a prison environment, the drugs had a far greater value. Respondent initially agreed to be interviewed by a Florida Highway Patrol trooper at the prison regarding the contraband. He subsequently had a change of heart and declined to answer any questions. Respondent was then arrested for "drug offenses," booked into the Bradford County Jail, and charged with violating Sections 893.13 and 944.47(1)(a)4., Florida Statutes (1997). However, the disposition of the criminal matter is unknown. In any event, after being arrested, Respondent was immediately terminated from his position at FSP. In mitigation, Respondent has been certified as a correctional officer since June 26, 1996, and there is no evidence that prior disciplinary action has been taken against him. In aggravation, Respondent used his official authority to facilitate his misconduct; he was employed as a correctional guard when the misconduct occurred; Respondent has made no efforts of rehabilitation; Respondent stood to receive pecuniary gain by selling the contraband in the prison; and there are two established counts of violations of the statute requiring that correctional officers maintain good moral character.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing findings of fact and conclusions of law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission enter a final order determining that Respondent has failed to maintain good moral character, as charged in the Administrative Complaint, and that his Correctional Certificate No. 164605 be revoked. DONE AND ENTERED this 29th of June, 2000, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. DONALD R. ALEXANDER Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 29th day of June, 2000. COPIES FURNISHED: A. Leon Lowrey, Jr., Program Director Division of Criminal Justice Professionalism Services Florida Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302-1489 Michael R. Ramage, General Counsel Florida Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302-1489 Karen D. Simmons, Esquire Florida Department of Law Enforcement Post Office Box 1489 Tallahassee, Florida 32302-1489 Eric T. Jenkins 1000 Bert Road Jacksonville, Florida 32211
