The Issue The issue in this case is whether Respondents' application to establish a dealership to sell motorcycles manufactured by Chongqing Astronautical Bashan Motorcycle Manufacturer Co., Ltd. (BASH line-make), should be approved.
Findings Of Fact Petitioner filed an “Official Notice of Protest – Petition for Determination” dated August 21, 2014, with the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (HSMV). The protest/petition opposes Respondent’s noticed intention to establish a dealership to be called Wild Hogs Scooters and Motorsports, LLC, at 1431 South Woodland Boulevard, Deland (Volusia County), Florida. Notice of that intent was duly published in the Florida Administrative Register on August 29, 2014. (There was no explanation provided as to why Petitioner’s protest/petition was filed before the publication of the notice.) Petitioner’s protest/petition asserts that Respondent’s proposed new dealership will be located “within our territory.” Petitioner further asserts that Peace Industry Group is its “number two supplier of scooters, and represents 38% of our scooter sales.” Petitioner did not appear at final hearing or present any competent evidence to support these allegations. Respondent provided evidence suggesting that Petitioner has only purchased seven motor-scooters from Peace Industry Group. Petitioner did not appear at final hearing and present evidence as to its “standing to protest” as required by section 320.642(3), Florida Statutes. (Unless specifically stated otherwise herein, all references to Florida Statutes will be to the 2014 version.) Conversely, Respondent presented evidence that Petitioner’s dealership in Deland, Florida, has closed and gone out of business. This unrefuted evidence proves that Petitioner no longer has standing to protest Respondent’s proposed new dealership in the area. The propriety of Petitioner’s protest is the only issue in this proceeding. A petitioner without standing cannot pursue such a challenge.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that a final order be entered by the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles denying Petitioner, Navitas Financial Group, Inc., d/b/a Pompano Pats Deland's protest of Respondent's proposed new dealership. DONE AND ENTERED this 12th day of January, 2015, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S R. BRUCE MCKIBBEN Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 12th day of January, 2015. COPIES FURNISHED: Jennifer Clark, Agency Clerk Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room A430 2900 Apalachee Parkway, MS 61 Tallahassee, Florida 32399 (eServed) Julie Baker, Chief Bureau of Issuance Oversight Division of Motorist Services Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room A-338 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0635 (eServed) Steve Hurm, General Counsel Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room A-432 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500 (eServed) Meiredith Huang Peace Industry Group (USA), Inc. 2649 Mountain Industrial Boulevard Tucker, Georgia 30084 Patrick M. Johnson The Navitas Financial Group, Inc. 2075 South Woodland Boulevard Deland, Florida 32720 Jeff Rupp Wild Hogs Scooters and Motorsports, LLC 1861 Marysville Drive Deltona, Florida 32725 G. Michael Smith, Esquire Smith Collins, LLC 8565 Dunwoody Place Building 15 Atlanta, Georgia 30350 (eServed)
The Issue The issues for determination are whether, as General Motors Corporation contends in its notice letter to the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (the "Department"), the proposed relocation of Big Oaks Buick Pontiac GMC, Inc. ("Big Oaks") is exempt from the requirements of Section 320.642, Florida Statutes, pursuant to Subsection 320.642(5)(a), which provides that relocations within two miles of its existing dealership location are not to be considered an additional motor vehicle dealership, or whether, as Petitioners contend, the relocation is to a site more than two miles from the existing dealership, the proposed relocation constitutes an additional dealership, and the proposed action may only be taken after fulfilling the requirements of Section 320.642, Florida Statutes.
Findings Of Fact Based upon observation of the witnesses while testifying, review of the Transcript and review of the exhibits in evidence and the pleadings contained in the file, the following relevant and material facts are found. Respondent, Big Oaks, is a franchised motor vehicle dealer, owning and operating an existing dealership situated on a four and one-half-acre tract of land and seeks to relocate the dealership to a twenty-acre tract of land pursuant to the exemption provided in Subsection 320.642(5)(a), Florida Statutes. Big Oaks' existing dealership is located at 255 West Van Fleet Drive, Bartow, Florida, where all of its business, service, and operational functions are conducted. Big Oaks proposes to relocate its dealership to a twenty-acre site situated and abutting U.S. Highway 98, in Bartow, Florida, north of the present location. All dealership business functions are to be conducted on the proposed site. To qualify for relocation pursuant to the exemption provision stated above, Big Oaks must relocate by a straight- line measurement within two miles of its existing location. Big Oaks measured the distance of the two-mile exemption by starting at the nearest point of its existing four and one-half-acre tract of land nearest to the proposed site and going in a straight line to the nearest point on the twenty-acre tract of land. This method of measurement, nearest point on existing tract to nearest proposed point of the proposed tract, resulted in a computed distance of 9,995 feet or 1.89 miles. (Exhibit R-3) Petitioners, Regal Lakeland and Cannon Automotive Group, Inc., are franchised motor vehicle dealers, owners and operators of same-line dealerships, and competitors with Big Oaks. Petitioners opposed Big Oaks' relocation, contending that the proposed relocation is not within the two-mile exemption provision provided by Subsection 320.642(5)(a), Florida Statutes. Petitioners, using a two-mile straight-line method of measurement from existing dealership site to proposed dealership site (Exhibit P-B), selected four different starting points on the existing site to four different points on the proposed site with the following results: starting at the furthest point of Big Oaks' existing site and measuring to the furthest point of Big Oaks' proposed site resulted in a distance of 2.28 miles; starting at the nearest point of Big Oaks' existing site and measuring to the nearest point of Big Oaks' proposed site resulted in a distance of 1.89 miles; starting at the center of Big Oaks' existing main building and measuring to the center of Big Oaks' proposed showroom building resulted in a distance of 2.20 miles; and starting at the center drive into Big Oaks' existing site and measuring to the center drive of Big Oaks' proposed access road resulted in a distance of 2.04 miles. Petitioners contend that a "center-point-to-center- point" method of measurement to measure the two-mile relocation exemption should be used. Starting at the center-point of Big Oaks' existing building on the existing site and measuring to the center-point of a proposed "showroom" building on Big Oaks' proposed relocation site (Exhibit P-B) as shown on the site plan, Petitioners' center-point-to-center-point method of measuring resulted in a distance of 2.11 miles. The parties are in agreement that neither the Florida Statutes nor the Florida Administrative Code adopted by the Department provide guidance for measurement of the two-mile exemption concerning relocation from an existing parcel of land to a proposed parcel of land, each of different size and shape. The results of Big Oaks' proposed method of measuring the two-mile exemption and the results of Petitioners' several methods of measuring the two-mile exemption demonstrate the need for an objective and all-inclusive method of measurement, one that when applied will result in a measurement of the current exemption relocation application and measurement of future exemption relocation applications in an equal and all-inclusive manner. At the request of the undersigned, the parties submitted exhibits (Court Exhibit A, composite) depicting an encircled center-point land tract to encircled center-point land tract method to measure the "within 2 miles" exemption. The measurement process is as follows: identify the geographical center of the existing land tract site from the land survey corner marker1 and encircle the land tract of the existing dealership site; draw a two-mile straight-line radius2 in the direction of the proposed relocation land tract site; identify the geographical center of the proposed land tract from the land survey corner maker and encircle the proposed land tract dealership site; and should any part of the encircled proposed site extend beyond the two-mile straight-line radius, the proposed relocation site is not "within 2 miles" of its existing land site location3. Should the encircled proposed site not extend beyond the two-mile straight-line radius, the proposed relocation is "within 2 miles" of its existing location. Accordingly, and in accordance with the above encircled center-point to encircled center-point method of measurement, Big Oaks' relocation to the proposed site herein above identified is not "within 2 miles" of Big Oaks' existing dealership site and, therefore, does not meet the limiting condition for the relocation exemption.
Recommendation It is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles enter a final order DISMISSING the Protests filed in this cause as premature, and ORDER the proposed additional dealership be noticed as required by Section 320.642, Florida Statutes. DONE AND ENTERED this day of August, 2002, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. FRED L. BUCKINE Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this day of August, 2002.
The Issue The issue in these cases is whether an application for motor vehicle dealer licenses filed by SunL Group, Inc., and Auto Stop, Inc., d/b/a Motorsports Depot, should be approved.
Findings Of Fact There was no evidence presented at the hearing to establish that Scooter Depot has a franchise agreement to sell or service Chunl Motorcycle Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (CHUA) motor vehicles, a line-make to be sold by Motorsports Depot. There was no evidence presented at the hearing to establish that Scooter Depot has a franchise agreement to sell or service Shanghai Meitan Motorcycle Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (MEIT) motor vehicles, a line-make to be sold by Motorsports Depot. There was no evidence presented at the hearing that the Scooter Depot dealership is physically located so as to meet the statutory requirements for standing to protest the establishment of the new point franchise motor vehicle dealerships.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles enter a final order dismissing the protests filed by Mobility Tech, Inc., d/b/a Charlie's Scooter Depot, in these cases. DONE AND ENTERED this 5th day of March, 2009, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S WILLIAM F. QUATTLEBAUM Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 5th day of March, 2009. COPIES FURNISHED: Michael James Alderman, Esquire Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room A-432 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32344 Mei Zhou SunL Group, Inc. 8551 Ester Boulevard Irving, Texas 75063 Carlos Urbizu Mobility Tech, Inc., d/b/a Charlie’s Scooter Depot 5720 North Florida Avenue, Unit 2 Tampa, Florida 33604 Robert L. Sardegna Auto Shop, Inc., d/b/a Motorsports Depot 17630 US 41 North Lutz, Florida 33549 Carl A. Ford, Director Division of Motor Vehicles Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room B-439 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500 Robin Lotane, General Counsel Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500
The Issue The issue is whether Petitioners are entitled to motor vehicle dealerships that are proposed to be located in Orange County, Florida.
Findings Of Fact Based on the Notices of Publication, Respondent's protest letters which were forwarded to DOAH, and the testimony presented at the final hearing, the following Findings of Fact are made: Respondent is an existing franchised dealer for motorcycles manufactured by Benzhou Vehicle Industry Group Company, Ltd. Petitioners have proposed the establishment of new dealerships to sell the same line-make of motorcycles as those sold by Respondent. Respondent's dealership is located at 3838 John Young Parkway, Orlando, Orange County, Florida. Petitioners' dealerships are proposed to be located in Orange County, Florida, at: 4535 34th Street, Orlando, Florida (Case No. 09-3489); and 2650 West Fairbanks Avenue, Winter Park, Florida (Case Nos. 09-3499 and 09-4750). The proposed dealerships are within a 12.5-mile radius of Respondent's dealership. Respondent has standing to protest the establishment of the proposed dealerships. No evidence was presented showing that Respondent was "not providing adequate representation" of the same line-make vehicles in the community or territory.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles enter a final order denying the establishment of Petitioners' proposed franchise dealerships for Case Nos. 09-3489, 09-3499, and 09-4750. DONE AND ENTERED this 12th day of November, 2009, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S JEFF B. CLARK Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 12th day of November, 2009. COPIES FURNISHED: Electra Theodorides-Bustle, Executive Director Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500 Robin Lotane, General Counsel Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500 Jennifer Clark Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room A-308 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0635 Jude A. Mitchell Jude's Cycle Service Post Office Box 585574 Orlando, Florida 32858 Beverly Fox Red Streak Scooters, LLC 427 Doughty Boulevard Inwood, New York 11096 Randy Lazarus Scooter City USA, LLC 4535 34th Street Orlando, Florida 32811 Bobbette Lynott Classic Motorcycles and Sidecars, Inc. Post Office Box 969 Preston, Washington 98050 Lou Ronka Scooter City USA, LLC 2650 West Fairbanks Avenue Winter Park, Florida 32789
The Issue The issue in the case is whether an application for a new point franchise motor vehicle dealership filed by Universal Parts, Inc., d/b/a Partsforscooters.com, and Eco-Green Machine LLC, d/b/a Eco Green Machine (Petitioners), should be approved.
Findings Of Fact The Respondent has a franchise agreement to sell ZHNG motor vehicles, the line-make proposed to be sold by Eco Green Machine, LLC. The Respondent's dealership is located 4.1763 miles from Eco Green Machine, LLC’s, dealership. There was no evidence presented at the hearing that the Respondent, or any other existing franchised dealer that registers new motor vehicle retail sales or leases of the ZHNG line-make within the community or territory of the proposed dealership, are not providing adequate representation of the ZHNG motor vehicles.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department enter a final order denying the application filed by the Petitioners to establish a new point franchise motor vehicle dealership for the sale of ZHNG motorcycles. DONE AND ENTERED this 30th day of March, 2010, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S WILLIAM F. QUATTLEBAUM Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 30th day of March, 2010. COPIES FURNISHED: Jennifer Clark Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room A-308 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0635 Michelle R. Stanley Tropical Scooters, LLC 11610 Seminole Boulevard Largo, Florida 33778 Ronnie Pownall ECO Green Machine, LLC, d/b/a ECO Green Machine 7000 Park Boulevard, Suite A Pinellas Park, Florida 33781 John Celestian Universal Parts, Inc. 2401 72nd Street, North St. Petersburg, Florida 33710 Carl A. Ford, Director Division of Motor Vehicles Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room B-439 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500 Robin Lotane, General Counsel Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500
The Issue The issue is whether Petitioners are entitled to a motor vehicle dealership that is proposed to be located in Apopka, Florida.
Findings Of Fact Respondent is an existing franchised dealer of motorcycles manufactured by Chuanl Motorcycle Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (CHUA). Petitioners have proposed the establishment of a new dealership to sell the same line and make of motorcycles as those sold by Respondent. Respondent's dealership is located at 306 West Main Street, Apopka, Florida 32712. Petitioners' proposed dealership would be located at 1918 South Orange Blossom Trail, Apopka, Florida 32703. The proposed dealership is within a 12.5-mile radius of Respondent's dealership. Respondent has standing to protest the establishment of the proposed dealership.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED: That the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles enter a final order denying the establishment of Petitioners' proposed franchise. DONE AND ENTERED this 29th day of May, 2009, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S LAWRENCE P. STEVENSON Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 29th day of May, 2009. COPIES FURNISHED: Carl A. Ford, Director Division of Motor Vehicles Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkland Building, Room B-439 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500 Robin Lotane, General Counsel Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500 Jennifer Clark Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room A-432 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32344 James Sursely Action Orlando Motorsports 306 West Main Street Apopka, Florida 32712 Gloria Ma El Sol Trading, Inc., d/b/a Motobravo, Inc. 19877 Quiroz Court City of Industry, California 91789 Tina Wilson TGT Companies, Inc., d/b/a Extreme Motor Sales 1918 South Orange Blossom Trail Apopka, Florida 32703
The Issue Whether Volkswagen of America, Inc., should be permitted to establish an additional franchised dealership in Broward County, Florida, as more specifically described in the written notice it provided the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles advising of its intention to establish such a dealership.
Findings Of Fact Based upon the evidence adduced at hearing and the record as a whole, the following findings of fact are made: VWoA is a Florida-licensed importer and distributor of Volkswagen (VW) vehicles. It is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Volkswagen AG (VAG). VAG, which is headquartered in Germany, manufactures VW- brand motor vehicles. On a worldwide basis, it produces more vehicles than any other manufacturer except Ford Motor Company and General Motors Corporation. VWoA distributes to its franchised dealerships in the United States and Canada VW vehicles manufactured by VAG. VWoA establishes annual planning volumes or sales objectives for each of its franchised dealerships (based upon the dealership's past sales performance and other pertinent factors). For the first quarter of each year, VWoA's allocation of vehicles to the dealership is based upon the established planning volume for that dealership. In determining the number of vehicles to allocate to a dealership during the remainder of the year, VWoA takes into consideration the dealership's to-date sales performance for the year in relation to VWoA's expectations (as reflected by the dealership's planning volume previously established for that year). VWoA's franchised dealerships (VW dealerships) in the United States are assigned to one of five regions, each headed by a VWoA regional team leader. VW dealerships in Florida are assigned to the Southeast Region. James Wolter has been the regional team leader for VWoA's Southeast Region since January 1, 1999. Each region, including the Southeast Region, is divided into districts, each headed by a VWoA area executive. The area (defined in terms of zip codes) around each dealership in a district in which the dealership is deemed to have a geographic advantage over other VW dealerships because of the dealership's proximity (in terms of distance by air) to consumers living in that area is referred to by VWoA as the dealership's Primary Area of Influence or PAI. Three digit numbers are used to designate each dealership's PAI. VW dealerships in southeast Florida, from Indian River County (to the north) to Dade County (to the south), are assigned to District 22. Charles Westly has been the area executive of District 22 since January 1, 1999. At present, there are 11 existing VW dealerships located in District 22: Vista Volkswagen, whose PAI is 012; Esserman International, whose PAI is 029; Vero Beach Motorsports, whose PAI is 031; South Motors, whose PAI is 041; Gunther Volkswagen, whose PAI is 073; Stuart Volkswagen, whose PAI is 087; Esserman Volkswagen, whose PAI is 095; Deel Volkswagen, whose PAI is 223; Borton Volkswagen, whose PAI is 237; Palm Beach Volkswagen, whose PAI is 241; and Schumacher Volkswagen, whose PAI is 242. Nine of these 11 dealerships are located in Dade, Broward, or Palm Beach Counties (which, collectively, are also known as the "Miami Metro"). The dealerships located in Dade County are Esserman International, South Motors, Esserman Volkswagen, and Deel Volkswagen. The dealerships located in Palm Beach County are Borton Volkswagen, Palm Beach Volkswagen, and Schumacher Volkswagen. Borton Volkswagen, which is operated by Borton, is located at 2201 North Federal Highway in Delray Beach in southeast Palm Beach County. Palm Beach Volkswagen and Schumacher Volkswagen are located to the north of Borton Volkswagen. The dealerships located in Broward County are Vista Volkswagen and Gunther Volkswagen. Although Broward County presently has fewer VW dealerships than either of the other two counties which comprise the Miami Metro, of the three Miami Metro counties, Broward County is (based on 1998 registration data) the largest market in terms of the sale of new automobiles (of all makes). Vista Volkswagen, which is operated by Vista (an entity owned by Charles Dascal, Larry Hoffman, and Richard Buttafuoco, who also have an ownership interest in the entity that operates South Motors) is located 17.2 miles south of Borton Volkswagen at 700 North Federal Highway in Pompano Beach in northeast Broward County. Vista also operates (out of separate facilities and using a separate sales and service staff) a BMW dealership at this location. Gunther Volkswagen is located 11.4 miles to the southwest of Vista Volkswagen at 1660 South State Road 7 (441) in the Fort Lauderdale/Plantation area. It is operated by Gunther Motor Company of Plantation, Inc. (Gunther Plantation), which prior to July 15, 1999, was known as Gunther Motor Company, and, which prior to 1991, was known as Gunther Volkswagen, Inc. Gunther Plantation also operates (out of separate facilities and using separate sales and service staff) Kia and Mazda dealerships on the 15-acre tract on which Gunther Volkswagen is located. Joseph F. Gunther, Jr. (Mr. Gunther) is the President of Gunther Plantation and its majority (51%) shareholder. The remaining 49% of the shares of the corporation are owned by Mr. Gunther's three sons, Joseph F. Gunther III (16%), John Casey Gunther (Casey Gunther) (16%), and Michael Gunther (17%). The elder Mr. Gunther has had an ownership interest in Gunther Plantation and has been actively involved in the operations of Gunther Volkswagen since 1970. In 1970, when Gunther Volkswagen opened (as the third VW dealership in Broward County), VWoA had annual sales in the United States of 569,292 units, which were made through a dealer network of 1,160 dealerships. 6/ Thereafter, as Japanese imports became increasingly popular, annual sales of new VWs (VW sales) in the United States declined. There was also a decline in the number of VW dealerships in the United States starting in 1973. (The number of VW dealerships in the United States peaked at 1,203 in 1972.) In 1993, VW sales in the United States were 49,533 units, fewer than had been made in any year since 1955. By that year, the nationwide VW dealership network was "pretty fragmented." It consisted of 639 dealerships (564 less than had been in operation in 1972), not all of which were at the "right" locations. In 1993, Dr. Ferdinand Piech (an engineer by profession) became the Chief Executive Officer of VAG. Under his leadership, VAG took measures that significantly improved the quality of the product it manufactured. At the same time, VWoA reorganized its management structure and began the task of rebuilding the VW dealership network in the United States by closing underperforming dealerships, relocating dealerships to better locations, and selectively adding new dealerships in markets where it was either not represented or not adequately represented. In the years subsequent to 1993, VW sales in the United States have rebounded significantly. In 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998, VW sales in the United States were 97,043, 115,114, 135,907, 137,885, and 219,679 units, respectively. While VW sales in the United States have increased over this period of time, the number of United States VW dealerships has declined each year. At the end of 1998, there were 600 VW dealerships in the United States, 39 less than in 1993 and 603 less than in 1972. VWoA anticipates that VW sales in the United States will continue to rise. It has a sales objective of 306,000 units for 1999 and 348,000 units for 2000. There has also been, subsequent to 1993, a substantial increase in VW sales by dealerships in what is now District 22 (the District 22 area) and by dealerships in the Miami Metro. In 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998, VW sales by dealerships in the District 22 area totaled 1,226, 2,448, 3,041, 3,913, 4,264, and 7,757 units, respectively, and VW sales by dealerships in the Miami Metro totaled 1,187, 2,351, 2,941, 3,816, 4,236, and 7,648 units, respectively. In the first six months of 1999, VW sales by dealerships in the District 22 area totaled 5,739 units, and VW sales by dealerships in the Miami Metro totaled 5,509 units. In 1998, Gunther Volkswagen sold more VWs than any other dealership in the United States. In terms of the total number of VW sales made during 1998, the other VW dealerships in the Miami Metro ranked 44th (South Motors), 56th (Esserman Volkswagen), 57th (Deel Volkswagen), 61st (Vista Volkswagen), 88th (Palm Beach Volkswagen), 100th (Schumacher Volkswagen), 105th (Borton Volkswagen), and 319th (Esserman International 7/) out of the 600 VW dealerships in the United States. Out of the 170 dealerships in VWoA's Southeast Region, the Miami Metro dealerships' sales rankings for 1998 were as follows: Gunther Volkswagen: 1st; South Motors: 10th; Esserman Volkswagen: 13th; Deel Volkswagen: 14th; Vista Volkswagen: 16th; Schumacher Volkswagen: 22nd; Borton Volkswagen: 24th; and Esserman International: 84th. For the first six months of 1999, three of the Miami Metro dealerships were among the top 50 VW dealerships in the United States in total VW sales. Gunther Volkswagen was number one, with 1,829 VW sales; South Motors was number 17, with 708 VW sales; and Vista Volkswagen was number 44, with 548 VW sales. The increases in VW sales in the District 22 area and the Miami Metro have occurred despite supply shortages of certain popular models with features desired by consumers that have resulted in dealerships creating "waiting lists" for these vehicles (a nationwide problem VWoA and VAG are taking measures to rectify 8/); the absence of a VW dealership in Martin County in 1997 and 1998; and having one less dealership in Broward County since the closing of Arnie Smith Volkswagen in or about July of 1995. Arnie Smith Volkswagen was located in an older facility in a deteriorating area on Sunrise Boulevard in Fort Lauderdale, approximately halfway between Gunther Volkswagen and Vista Volkswagen. In addition to being in a bad location, it suffered from management problems and high employee turnover. As a result, its VW sales were declining. (From January of 1995 through July of 1995, its VW sales were 63 units, 43 less than the number of VW sales it had made during the first seven months of the previous year.) Arnie Smith Volkswagen was bought out by VWoA and Gunther Plantation (which at the time was known as Gunther Motor Company). Vista was asked to participate in the buy-out, but declined to do so. The closing of Arnie Smith Volkswagen left VWoA with two dealerships in Broward County, neither of which was located in the rapidly growing western portion of the county. At the time of the closing of Arnie Smith Volkswagen, VWoA believed that the most prudent course of action was to keep the Broward County VW dealership count at two to allow the two remaining dealerships to "get some meat on their bones." These two dealerships, Gunther Volkswagen and Vista Volkswagen, did enjoy an increase in VW sales after the closing of Arnie Smith Volkswagen. In the first half of 1995, when Arnie Smith Volkswagen was still in business, Gunther Volkswagen and Vista Volkswagen had 571 and 121 VW sales, respectively. In the second half of 1995, when Arnie Smith Volkswagen was no longer selling VWs, Gunther Volkswagen and Vista Volkswagen had 664 and 160 VW sales, respectively. Gunther Volkswagen's VW sales in 1996, 1997, and 1998 were 1,657, 1,657, and 2,565 units, respectively. Vista Volkswagen's VW sales in 1996, 1997, and 1998 were 370, 515, and 722 units, respectively. By late 1996 to early 1997, VWoA determined that the time was right to establish another VW dealership in Broward County and bring its dealership count in the county to three (which is the same number of VW dealerships that VWoA had in the county from 1970 until Arnie Smith Volkswagen went out of business in or about July of 1995). After reviewing vehicle registration and sales data, which reflected that its principal competitors with dealerships in the Coconut Creek area of northwest Broward County were outperforming VWoA in that area, VWoA made the further determination that this third Broward County VW dealership should be located in the Coconut Creek area (which, in 1970, consisted of either swamp or farm land and today is one of the fastest growing areas in the nation, with a population having income characteristics that make it a "great spot to be selling . . . new vehicles"). There has been no showing that VWoA, at any time, attempted to coerce any of the existing VW dealers to consent to the establishment of such an additional VW dealership. After determining to establish an additional VW dealership in the Coconut Creek area, VWoA began looking for an operator for this additional dealership, and it also retained the services of a real estate company, the Core Company (which is now known as Travel Pro), to search for a suitable site in the Coconut Creek area for the dealership. Vista and Gunther Plantation were among the candidates VWoA considered to operate the dealership. VWoA had several conversations about the Coconut Creek market with Vista (which recognized that the Coconut Creek area was a "boom" area with considerable market potential). At no time during these conversations did Vista indicate that it was willing to operate full-scale VW dealerships in both Pompano Beach and the Coconut Creek area. After reviewing the qualifications and credentials of the candidates under consideration, VWoA, exercising reasonable and sound business judgment, determined that the principals of Gunther Plantation (which at the time was third in the nation in the number of VW sales) were best suited to operate the additional VW dealership in the Coconut Creek area. It then entered into negotiations with them. Thereafter, some time before March 18, 1998, Vista approached VWoA and proposed that it be allowed to either relocate its Pompano Beach VW dealership to the Coconut Creek area or operate a full-scale VW dealership in the Coconut Creek area, while maintaining a satellite VW dealership with limited sales, service, and parts facilities (as opposed to a full-scale VW dealership) in Pompano Beach. VWoA rejected both alternatives inasmuch as it had already selected an operator for the Coconut Creek area VW dealership. It does not appear that, in denying Vista the opportunity to operate a VW dealership in the Coconut Creek area, VWoA acted unreasonably; nor is there evidence that VWoA, in any other respect, acted in a manner that unreasonably denied Vista the opportunity to grow and expand its VW dealership. Notwithstanding VWoA's rejection of Vista's proposal, Vista still intends to proceed with plans to relocate its Pompano Beach BMW dealership to the Coconut Creek area, a move that would result in an increase in Vista's operating expenses. In middle to late 1997, VWoA acquired property in the Coconut Creek area for a VW dealership. The property is located on the northeast corner of State Road 7 (441) and Collum Road (Coconut Creek Site), which is in Vista Volkswagen's PAI. The Coconut Creek Site is in an area where existing dealerships representing other major brands (including brands against which the VW brand competes) are clustered. (Such clustering promotes inter-brand competition and makes it more convenient for consumers to shop for automobiles.) There are six such "automobile clusters" in Broward County and southern Palm Beach County, one each in the Delray Beach, the Pompano Beach, the Coconut Creek, the Plantation, the Ft. Lauderdale, and the Hollywood/Davie/Pembroke Pines areas. In 1997, these clusters generated the following new vehicle sales: Delray Beach area cluster: 22,270 units; Pompano Beach area cluster: 28,281 units; Coconut Creek area cluster: 29,602 units; Plantation area cluster: 24,225 units; Ft. Lauderdale area cluster: 16,968 units; and Hollywood/Davie/Pembroke Pines area cluster: 31,449 units. VWoA is presently represented in only three of these six "automobile clusters": the Plantation area cluster (where Gunther Volkswagen is located); the Pompano Beach area cluster (where Vista Volkswagen is located); and the Delray Beach area cluster (where Borton Volkswagen is located). The three existing VW dealerships closest to the Coconut Creek Site are Vista Volkswagen, which is 6.9 miles away, Gunther Volkswagen, which is 12.7 miles away, and Borton Volkswagen, which is 16.3 miles away. (There are existing dealerships in the Coconut Creek area representing brands other than VW (Chevrolet, Dodge, Ford, Lincoln Mercury, Mazda, Mitsubishi, and Toyota) that are 6.9 miles or less from their closest intrabrand competitor.) The driving time between the Coconut Creek Site and Gunther Volkswagen is anywhere between 26 and 40 to 45 minutes (depending on traffic). It takes from approximately 17 minutes to 30 to 35 minutes (depending on traffic) to drive from the Coconut Creek Site east to Vista Volkswagen. East-west movement in Broward County has become increasingly difficult over the years as the western portion of the county has become more densely populated. As a result, consumers in Broward County tend to move in a north-south, rather than an east-west, direction to make their vehicle purchases. On March 16, 1998, after a period of negotiation and the exchange of draft agreements, VWoA sent the following letter of understanding to Mr. Gunther and Casey Gunther: 9/ This letter will summarize our understanding of the actions to which you and Volkswagen of America, Inc. ("VWoA") are prepared to commit to establish a new, exclusive Volkswagen dealership for the Gunther organization ("Gunther") in Coconut Creek, FL. The following bullet points are a recap of our meeting on January 30, 1998, and include the following. In light of what we believe to be the potential growth in this market, it is the intent of VWoA to designate Coconut Creek as an open point and to construct a new dealership facility on the property owned by VWoA in Coconut Creek. While the building architecture will be based on the new Volkswagen Corporate Design guidelines, VWoA agrees to seek your input into the size of the building and land requirements needed to operate the dealership. The actual facility construction costs are estimated to be approximately $100 per square foot, but this may vary depending on local requirements and conditions. VWoA will defend its right to designate Coconut Creek as an open point in the event that another dealer in the market protests VWoA's action. Once the facility is completed, VWoA and Gunther will enter into a lease agreement for the land and building. The annual lease will be negotiated based on the cost to purchase the land used by the dealership, the final facility construction costs and local market value. Prior to entering into a new lease for the Coconut Creek dealership, Gunther will have purchased or entered into an intent to purchase from VWoA the existing Gunther Volkswagen, Inc. 10/ building and real property located in Ft. Lauderdale, FL. 11/ It is understood by both parties that it will take time to establish service and parts business at the new point in Coconut Creek, which business will be an integral part of the Volkswagen operations at that facility. The parties further understand that to establish that business will require sufficient New and Used Vehicle sales volumes to generate a gross profit reasonably sufficient to support the facility lease. Because this will be a new point, and because at this time there is not an established sales rate for the Coconut Creek market, VWoA agrees to establish annual new vehicle planning volumes in the following manner: At a minimum, an annual new vehicle planning volume will equal one percent (1%) of the national retail sales objective for the respective year. By way of example only, if the national new vehicle retail objective for a given year is 200,000 vehicles, the planning volume for Coconut Creek would be 2,000 vehicles. 12/ This method of calculating planning volumes will remain in effect for the first three years of operation of the new Coconut Creek point. After the third year, the dealership's new vehicle planning volume will be calculated in the same manner then used by VWoA to establish the planning volume for every Volkswagen dealer. After the first year of operation, the dealership's annual planning volume may be set at a level higher than the calculated 1% of national retail objective if supported by actual retail sales rates at the dealership. All requirements as delineated in the then current Volkswagen Dealer Agreement, Standard Provisions and Operating Standards shall apply to your appointment as a Volkswagen dealer in Coconut Creek. In the event that Gunther elects not to pursue this opportunity to operate an exclusive Volkswagen dealership in Coconut Creek, then Gunther (a) acknowledges VWoA's intent to designate Coconut Creek as an open point and (b) agrees to waive its right to protest the appointment of another dealer operator in Coconut Creek. As previously mentioned, this letter is intended to confirm issues we discussed in January. If you are in agreement with the above, please sign the attached copy of this letter and return it to me. Once we receive the executed copy, we will file the necessary documents with the city and state to obtain their approvals to move forward with our plans. This is an exciting opportunity for both Volkswagen and the Gunther organization, 13/ and we look forward to working closely with you as we get this project underway. Please feel free to give me a call if you have any questions. Mr. Gunther and Casey Gunther both signed this letter on March 25, 1998, indicating that they "concur[red]" with the representations made in the letter. VWoA customarily makes special arrangements concerning allocation of vehicles, like those set forth in the letter of understanding signed by Mr. Gunther and Casey Gunther, with dealers operating newly created VW dealerships to "get the dealership[s] going." This is a reasonable business practice. Following the execution of this letter of understanding, Debra L. Kingsbury, Esquire, VWoA's attorney, sent the following letter, dated April 2, 1998, to Ronald Reynolds, the Administrator of the Department's Dealer License Section: Dear Mr. Reynolds: Pursuant to the requirements of Florida Statutes, Section 320.642, notice is hereby given that Volkswagen of America, Inc. ("VWoA") intends to establish Gunther Motor Company as a dealership for the sale of Volkswagen vehicles at Block 89, Lots 22 and 23, Coconut Creek, Broward County, Florida 33073. This vacant property is on the northeast corner of State Rd. 441 and Collum Rd. VWoA intends to engage in business with Gunther as a dealership on or after April 1, 1999, assuming that no protest is filed. The dealer(s) of the same line-make vehicles in the county where the new dealership will be located and all counties adjoining that county are as follows: County Palm Beach County Borton Volkswagen 2201 N. Federal Highway Delray Beach, FL 33483 Palm Beach Volkswagen 6870 Okeechobee Blvd. West Palm Beach, FL 33415 Schumacher Automotive 3720 Northlake Blvd. Lake Park, FL 33403 Broward County Vista Volkswagen 700 N. Federal Highway Pompano, Beach, FL 33062 Gunther Volkswagen 1660 S. State Road 7 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33317 Collier County A+ Car World 601 Airport Pulling Rd. Naples, FL 33942 Dade County Deel Volkswagen 3650 Bird Rd. Miami, FL 33133 South Motors of Dade County 16125 South Dixie Highway Miami, FL 33157 Esserman Volkswagen 16825 NW 57th Ave. Miami, FL 33055 The names and address of the dealer-operator and principal investors of Gunther Motor Company are: Dealer-Operator Joseph F. Gunther, Jr. Principal Investors Joseph F. Gunther, Jr. 1660 S. State Road 7 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33317 If you have questions or require additional information, please do not hesitate to let me know. To the extent that Ms. Kingsbury's letter reflected that Joseph F. Gunther, Jr., would be the "dealer-operator" of the dealership VWoA proposed to establish in Coconut Creek, the letter was inconsistent with the representations made in the March 16, 1998, letter of understanding VWoA had sent to Mr. Gunther and Casey Gunther that the "dealer-operator" of this proposed dealership would be the entire "Gunther organization" (that is, the corporate entity which was owned by Mr. Gunther and his three sons, each of whom had an ownership interest in excess of 10%). 14/ By letter dated April 22, 1998, Mr. Reynolds notified Ms. Kingsbury that a "notice of publication to establish a franchise for Gunther Motor Company" was "published in the Florida Administrative Weekly on April 17, 1998." A copy of the "notice of publication" was enclosed, and it read as follows: Pursuant to Section 320.642, Florida Statutes, Volkswagen of America, Inc. ("VWoA"), intends to allow the establishment of Gunther Motor Company, as a dealership for the sale of Volkswagen vehicles, at Block 89, Lots 22 and 23. This vacant property is on the northeast corner of State Road 441 and Collum Road, Coconut Creek (Broward County), Florida 33073, on or after April 1, 1999. The name and address of the dealer operator(s) and principal investor(s) of Gunther Motor Company is Joseph F. Gunther, Jr., 1660 S. State Road 7, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33317. The notice indicates an intent to establish the new point location in a county of more than 300,000 population, according to the latest population estimates of the University of Florida, Bureau of Economic and Business Research. Certain dealerships of the same line-make may have standing, pursuant to Section 320.642, Florida Statutes, to file a petition or complaint protesting the application. Written petitions or complaints must be received by the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles within 30 days of the date of the publication of this notice and must be submitted to: Mr. Ronald D. Reynolds, Administrator, Dealer License Section, Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, Room A-312, Neil Kirkman Building, 2900 Apalachee Parkway, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0635. A copy of such petition or complaint must also be sent by U.S. Mail to: Debra L. Kingsbury, Attorney, Volkswagen of America, Inc., 3800 Hamlin Road, Auburn Hills, MI 48326. If no petitions or complaints are received within 30 days of the date of publication, a final order will be issued by the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles approving the establishment of the dealership, subject to the applicant's compliance with the provisions of Chapter 320, Florida Statutes. As noted above, in 1998, including the time when Ms. Kingsbury wrote to Mr. Reynolds and when the April 17, 1998, edition of the Florida Administrative Weekly was published, the corporate entity that is now known as Gunther Motor Company of Plantation, Inc., was known as Gunther Motor Company. It was not until July 15, 1999, that its name was changed to its present name. On that same day, July 15, 1999, a new Florida corporation, named Gunther Motor Company and having Mr. Gunther as its sole shareholder, was formed. If an additional VW dealership is established on the Coconut Creek Site (Proposed Dealership), it would be assigned a PAI consisting of zip codes that are now included in the PAIs of existing VW dealerships which are located further away from the centroids of these zip codes than is the Coconut Creek Site. (The Proposed Dealership's PAI will be referred to herein as the "Coconut Creek PAI.") In 1998, 782 new retail VWs were registered in what would have been the Coconut Creek PAI had the Proposed Dealership been in operation that year. (Only Gunther Volkswagen's PAI (with 1642) and Deel Volkswagen's PAI (with 942) had more than 782 new retail VW registrations that year.) Of these 782 vehicles, 327 were sold by Gunther Volkswagen (constituting approximately 13% of its VW sales), 219 were sold by Vista Volkswagen (constituting approximately 30% of its VW sales), and 113 were sold by Borton Volkswagen (constituting approximately 20% of its VW sales). VWoA takes the position in this proceeding that it is not adequately represented in the "community or territory" in which the Proposed Dealership is located. To evaluate the merits of this claim, it is first necessary to identify this "community or territory." VWoA and Vista agree, and the undersigned finds, that the relevant "community or territory" in the instant case (Comm/Terr) consists of the PAIs now assigned to Gunther Volkswagen and Vista Volkswagen (the two existing VW dealerships in Broward County) and to Borton Volkswagen (which is the southernmost VW dealership in Palm Beach County). In 1998, there was a total of 3,371 new retail VWs registered in the Comm/Terr. While there is no dispute regarding the identity of the relevant "community or territory" in the instant case, VWoA and Vista are not in agreement as to the standard that should be used to measure the performance of VWoA's dealership network in the Comm/Terr. Dealership network performance is generally assessed based upon the "market share" or "market penetration" (which are synonymous terms) achieved by the brand in the market in question during the applicable time period, compared to the "market share" or "market penetration" the brand was "reasonably expected" to achieve. ("Market share" or "market penetration" is expressed as a percentage, and it represents a brand's share of the total number of new vehicle registrations in the market.) A "reasonably expected" "market share" or "market penetration" for the VW brand in the Comm/Terr may be determined by: (a) selecting an appropriate comparison market area separate from the Comm/Terr (but preferably in the same local area) where the brand appears not to be inadequately represented; (b) ascertaining the brand’s "market share" or "market penetration" in that comparison market area; and (c) utilizing a process called "segmentation analysis" to account for any differences in consumer preferences and demographic characteristics that may exist between the comparison market area and the Comm/Terr. VWoA suggests, and the undersigned agrees, that it is reasonable and appropriate to assess VWoA's performance in the Comm/Terr by comparing it with VWoA's performance in the PAIs for Schumacher Volkswagen and Palm Beach Volkswagen (Palm Beach PAIs), as segment adjusted (Palm Beach Standard). 15/ The undersigned rejects Vista's contention that, to properly evaluate VWoA's performance in the Comm/Terr, VWoA's "market share" or "market penetration" in the Comm/Terr should be compared, not with the Palm Beach Standard, but "with [VWoA's] average penetration in the U.S. major metros, the Southeast major metros, and the Florida major metros" (Vista's Approach). Vista's Approach does not take into account, or make adjustments for, any consumer preferences, such as import bias, 16/ and demographic characteristics that may distinguish the Comm/Terr from the "average" "metro" market in the United States, in the southeastern United States, and in Florida. Moreover, Vista's Approach fails to take into consideration that VWoA has an incomplete national dealership network and is inadequately represented in various markets included in "the U.S. major metros, the Southeast major metros, and the Florida major metros." As a result, Vista's Approach yields a standard that, unlike the Palm Beach Standard, is too conservative to reflect a "reasonably expected" "market share" or "market penetration" for the Comm/Terr. Employing the Palm Beach Standard (as segment adjusted), the "reasonably expected" "market shares" or "market penetrations" in the Comm/Terr and the Coconut Creek PAI for the VW brand for the years 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 were as follows: Comm/Terr: 1995- 1.9%, 1996- 3.5%, 1997- 3.5%, and 1998- 6.2%; and Coconut Creek PAI: 1995- 1.8%, 1996- 3.5%, 1997- 3.4%, and 1998- 6.1%. The actual "market shares" or "market penetrations" in the Comm/Terr and the Coconut Creek PAI for the VW brand for these years were as follows: Comm/Terr: 1995- 2.2% (which was more than "reasonably expected"), 1996- 3.8% (which was more than "reasonably expected"), 1997-3.2% (which was less than "reasonably expected"), and 1998- 5.4% (which was less than "reasonably expected," but more than VWoA's "average penetration in the U.S. major metros [4.6%], the Southeast major metros [4.4%], and the Florida major metros [4.4%]"); and Coconut Creek PAI: 1995- 2.0% (which was more than "reasonably expected"), 1996- 3.2% (which was less than "reasonably expected"), 1997- 2.8% (which was less than "reasonably expected"), and 1998- 4.6% (which was less than "reasonably expected," but the same as "the average penetration in the U.S. major market metros" and more than the "average penetration in the . . . Southeast major metros, and the Florida major metros"). Accordingly, for every full year after 1996, VWoA's "market share" or "market penetration" in the Comm/Terr has been less than "reasonably expected," and for every full year after 1995, VWoA's "market share" or "market penetration" in the Coconut Creek PAI has been less than "reasonably expected." Comparing VWoA's actual versus its "reasonably expected" "market share" or "market penetration" in the Comm/Terr and the Coconut Creek PAI reveals the "retail registration effectiveness" of its dealership network in those markets. The "retail registration effectiveness" of VWoA's dealership network in the Comm/Terr in 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 was 119%, 108.1%, 93%, and 87.1%, respectively. The "retail registration effectiveness" of VWoA's dealership network in the Coconut Creek PAI during those years was 111.6%, 93.4%, 84%, and 76.3%, respectively. Accordingly, for every full year after 1995, the last year that VWoA was represented by four dealerships in the Comm/Terr, the "retail registration effectiveness" of VWoA's dealership network in the Comm/Terr and the Coconut Creek PAI has declined. During this period of decline in VWoA's "retail registration effectiveness" in the Comm/Terr and the Coconut Creek PAI, demographic factors in these markets, insofar as retail vehicle sales are concerned, have been favorable. In fact, such sales increased in absolute terms in the Comm/Terr in 1996, 1997, and 1998 (from 1,367 in 1995, to 1,715 in 1996, to 2,341 in 1997, to 3,902 in 1998), but not enough in 1997 and 1998 to meet reasonable expectations with respect to "market share" or "market penetration" (which measures a brand's performance relative to other brands). The likely cause of VWoA's recent "retail registration [in]effectiveness" in the Comm/Terr is the absence of an adequate number of VW dealerships located within its boundaries (which negatively impacts consumer convenience). There are 132 franchised dealerships (of all brands) in the Comm/Terr. Only three (or 2.3%) of these dealerships are VW dealerships. (The Comm/Terr has had only three VW dealerships since the closing of Arnie Smith Volkswagen in or about July of 1995.) In contrast, in the Palm Beach PAIs, 4% of the franchised dealerships are VW dealerships It does not appear that the recent "retail registration [in]effectiveness" in the Comm/Terr has been caused by the supply shortages of VW product (that have led to the creation of "waiting lists" for certain types of VW vehicles) inasmuch as there is no indication that such supply shortages existed only in the Comm/Terr and were not present elsewhere (including, most significantly, in the Palm Beach PAIs). Having identified the cause of VWoA's recent "retail registration [in]effectiveness" in the Comm/Terr as an insufficient number of VW dealerships, the solution to this problem is obvious: the addition of at least another VW dealership in the Comm/Terr. The Coconut Creek area cluster (where the Coconut Creek Site is located) is an appropriate location for this additional dealership. Relocating one of the existing VW dealerships in the Comm/Terr to the Coconut Creek area would not solve the "retail registration effectiveness" problem that VWoA is experiencing in the Comm/Terr inasmuch it would still leave VWoA with an inadequate share of the franchised dealerships in the Comm/Terr. The establishment of an additional VW dealership on the Coconut Creek site would benefit not only VWoA (by increasing its VW sales and enabling it to attain greater "market share" or "market penetration" in the Comm/Terr than it would with just three dealerships in the Comm/Terr). Consumers, particularly those in the Coconut Creek PAI (Coconut Creek consumers), would benefit as well. At present, with three VW dealerships in the Comm/Terr (none of which is located in the Coconut Creek area) Coconut Creek consumers, on the average, have to travel a further distance (8.6 miles) to buy new VWs (or to have their VWs serviced or repaired) than they do to purchase (or have serviced or repaired) vehicles of any of the 27 major brands that are represented in the Coconut Creek PAI. To purchase (or have serviced or repaired) vehicles manufactured by VAG's and VWoA's principal import competitors, Honda, Mitsubishi, Toyota, Mazda, and Nissan, these consumers have to travel, on the average, 4.1, 4.4, 4.4, 4.6, and 4.8 miles, respectively. If the Proposed Dealership is established on the Coconut Creek Site, Coconut Creek consumers would, on the average, be 4.6 miles away from a VW dealership. The establishment of the Proposed Dealership would not only reduce the distance Coconut Creek consumers, on the average, have to travel to get to a VW dealership, it would also increase the number of service stalls available in the Coconut Creek PAI to service and repair VW vehicles. These additional service stalls are badly needed. For example, consumers wanting to have their vehicles serviced or repaired at Gunther Volkswagen (which has 17 service stalls, four more than the number of stalls Vista Volkswagen has that are completely devoted to VW service and repair 17/), must wait, on average, a minimum of two weeks from the time they make an appointment before the dealership is able to service or repair their vehicles. If there is not an increase in the number of service stalls in the area, as VW sales rise, Coconut Creek PAI VW owners seeking to have their vehicles serviced will face even greater delays and resulting inconvenience. Consumers would also benefit from the increase in interbrand competition and intrabrand competition (among VW dealerships) that would occur as a result of the establishment of an additional VW dealership on the Coconut Creek Site. 18/ The benefits VWoA and consumers would derive from the establishment of the Proposed Dealership would not come at the expense of the existing VW dealers in the Comm/Terr, if these existing dealerships were to respond competitively to a new intrabrand competitor in the market. It is reasonable to anticipate that these dealerships would respond in such a competitive manner and that, among other things, they would increase their marketing efforts in the Comm/Terr. Such increased marketing efforts, along with the addition of a fourth VW dealership in the Comm/Terr, would produce an increased awareness of the VW brand, which, given the significant untapped potential of the brand in the Comm/Terr, would enable each of the existing dealerships, including Vista Volkswagen, to increase its VW sales. Indeed, even if the positive impact (of an additional VW dealership in the Comm/Terr) on consumer demand for the VW brand were disregarded, the opportunity (in terms of VW sales) presently available in the Comm/Terr (that is, the opportunity that the existing VW dealerships have not taken advantage of and therefore have "lost," hereinafter referred to as "lost opportunity" would be sufficient to support a fourth VW dealership in the Comm/Terr and, at the same time, allow the three existing VW dealerships to increase their VW sales in the Comm/Terr inasmuch as this "lost opportunity" in the Comm/Terr is significantly greater than the number of VW sales that it is reasonable to expect the Proposed Dealership would make to Comm/Terr consumers. Vista has made a significant investment ($3,311,971.00 as of October 1998) to perform its obligations under its dealer agreement with VWoA (with which it is in substantial compliance). The establishment of the Proposed Dealership, however, would not cause Vista to be deprived of a fair return on its investment, nor would it have "a significant and unfair negative financial impact on Vista," as Vista claims in its Proposed Recommended Order. While it is true that the size of Vista Volkswagen's PAI would be reduced by the addition of a VW dealership on the Coconut Creek Site, having a smaller PAI 20/ would not have any adverse impact on Vista's VW business if Vista were to respond in an effective, competitive manner 21/ and aggressively take advantage of the opportunity that would be available in the Comm/Terr as a whole 22/ (which, as noted above, would be sufficient to support four dealerships), with its efforts being focused upon the geographic areas closest to its dealership. There is no reason to believe that Vista would not be able to respond in such a fashion and offset any loss of Coconut Creek consumer business that it might suffer as a result of the establishment of the Proposed Dealership with an increase in business from consumers residing in its newly configured PAI and in other areas outside of the Coconut Creek PAI. There is no evidence that VWoA has unreasonably denied Vista opportunities for growth within the Miami Metro market. The establishment of the Proposed Dealership appears to be warranted and justified based upon present and anticipated economic and marketing conditions in the Comm/Terr.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles enter a final order approving the proposal/application of Volkswagen of America, Inc., to establish an additional dealership in the Coconut Creek area of Broward County. DONE AND ENTERED this 17th day of December, 1999, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. STUART M. LERNER Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 17th day of December, 1999.
The Issue The issue in these cases is whether two applications for new point franchise motor vehicle dealerships filed by Puma Cycles Corporation and Wild Hogs Scooters and Motorsports, LLC (Respondents), should be approved.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Finding of Facts and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles enter a final order denying the two applications filed by the Respondents to establish new point franchise motor vehicle dealerships at Wild Hogs Scooters and Motorsports, LLC, for the sale of line-make FSTI motorcycles. DONE AND ENTERED this 22nd day of February, 2012, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S WILLIAM F. QUATTLEBAUM Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 22nd day of February, 2012.
The Issue Whether the Petitioner, JSL Automotive, Inc. d/b/a Ft. Lauderdale Mitsubishi (JSL), is entitled to relocate its motor vehicle dealership.
Findings Of Fact The Petitioner MMSA is a distributor and licensee of motor vehicles as defined by Section 320.60, Florida Statutes. Compared to other established licensees, MMSA is a relative newcomer to the market in Broward County, Florida. Nevertheless MMSA is emerging as a brand able to effectively compete in the segments in which it offers vehicles. Motor vehicle sales are divided into segments so that new car registrations may be tracked by popularity and dealer performance may be compared as to the vehicles it sells and not with those against which it cannot compete. For example, Mitsubishi does not compete in the truck market as it does not offer a new truck for sale. Therefore, Mitsubishi dealers are not expected to effectively compete in the new truck market. MMSA does, however, offer a vehicle to compete in the following segments: basis small (Mirage), lower middle (Galant), upper middle (Diamante), sporty coupe (Eclipse/Spyder), sports car (3000 GT/Spyder), middle SUV (Montero Sport), and upper middle SUV (Montero). As to all of these segments, MMSA has experienced a significant growth in sales in Broward County, Florida. Historically, there were only two franchised Mitsubishi dealers in Broward County. One of those dealerships is the Petitioner JSL. The other long-time Mitsubishi dealer is located to the north of the Petitioner JSL. That dealer is identified in this record as Lighthouse Point. Principal owners of the Respondent King also own the Lighthouse Point dealership. The Petitioner JSL is a franchised motor vehicle dealer fully authorized to lease, sell, and service the product of MMSA. The Petitioner JSL is located at 200 East Sunrise Boulevard, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The Petitioner JSL has always been located at its current address. The former owner of the franchise owns the real estate and JSL rents the land and facilities in order to conduct its business. The current owners of the Petitioner JSL purchased the dealership in 1997/1998. The lease with the former owner will expire in the next few years and it is the Petitioners’ goal to relocate the dealership to a more modern, larger facility. If unable to relocate, however, the Petitioner could extend its lease with the former owner until approximately 2012. The condition of the property as well as the terms of the lease were known to the Petitioner JSL at the time it elected to purchase the dealership. Because it does not own the facility, the Petitioner JSL has few incentives to improve the physical appearance of the dealership. Thus far it has done little more than paint the buildings. Both the Petitioner JSL and Lighthouse Point are located in the eastern portion of Broward County. The Respondents King and Seidle are also franchised motor vehicle dealers fully authorized to lease, sell, and service the product of MMSA. These dealerships are located in the western portion of the county. The Respondent King's dealership is located at 4950 North State Road 7, Coconut Creek, Florida. The Respondent Seidle's dealership is located at 5395 South University Drive, Davie, Florida. The population growth in Broward County over the last five years is predominantly in the western portion of the county. The areas west of the Petitioner’s dealership have mushroomed in growth both in households and numbers of drivers. Employment and incomes have also increased. As an emerging brand seeking to capitalize on the growth opportunities in the western portion of the county, the Petitioner MMSA encouraged two existing franchised dealers (the Respondents herein) to open new point dealerships in the western portion of Broward County. Consequently, the Respondent King built and opened a new point dealership in the northwest quadrant of the county. This new dealership opened in 1998 and has thus far proven to be a successful franchise. Despite its investment of more than three million dollars (some of which might be allocated to another dealer) in the acquisition, construction, and opening of the dealership, this Respondent has already established itself as the leading sales franchise in the county. Similarly the Respondent Seidle was offered a new point in the southwest quadrant of the county. It acquired, and with MMSA’s help, constructed, and opened its new franchise dealership in March of 2000. The sales data for this dealer is limited due to its recent opening. Based upon conservative estimates, however, it is expected that this new dealership will prove successful at its location. Like the Respondent King, the Respondent Seidle spent in excess of a million dollars in order to open its new point. Unlike the dealership Mr. Seidle owns in Miami, the new point in Davie is considered state of the art in design and function. It is projected that the Davie dealership will perform more successfully than the Miami Seidle dealership. When both King at Coconut Creek and Seidle at Davie were proposed the Respondents assumed they would be the only Mitsubishi dealers authorized to locate in the western half of the county. The Petitioner MMSA did not make any assurances of that nature. The Petitioner MMSA did not become aware of or consider the Petitioner’s request to relocate until after the other two dealers were either under construction or in the final stages of establishing their dealerships in the western portion of the county. The Petitioner MMSA did not misrepresent the relocation request or hide its intention to support the request from the Respondents. The Petitioner JSL seeks to relocate its dealership to the west to a parcel owned by its principal investor, Mr. Smith. The dealership would occupy a portion of the lot now housing Mr. Smith’s Buick dealership. Additionally, the entire facility would be improved in appearance and amenities. Theoretically, the Petitioner JSL would be more able to compete with the newer facilities also located in the western portion of the county. The Petitioner’s current location is nearer to the downtown area of Fort Lauderdale. It is located in a marginal neighborhood with crime and undesirable areas in close proximity. The physical plant itself is dated in appearance and opportunities. The Petitioner JSL has not spent any substantial amount of funds to improve the physical plant, its security, or to acquire off-site storage or support facilities. The proposed relocation site is also in a crime- stricken area however it is west of the predominant crime area. The Petitioner JSL is desirous of improving the proposed site. One of JSL's primary investors would also benefit from such improvements. The Buick dealership owned by Mr. Smith would continue to operate at the property but would have the benefit of the improved facilities. All four Mitsubishi dealers have to shuttle customers to work if service work is to be performed during the day. The driving times for such shuttles would increase depending on the work location of the customers. Persons working in the downtown Fort Lauderdale area would most conveniently utilize the Petitioner’s current location for service. All four dealerships have facilities that meet or exceed the Mitsubishi standards for sales and service volumes. The proposed relocation site would also comply with the Mitsubishi guidelines for sales and service. On August 20, 1999, the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles published a notice in the Florida Administrative Weekly indicating MMSA's intention to allow the Petitioner JSL to relocate its dealership from its current address to 2300 North State Road 7, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The notice of the proposed relocation correctly specified that the dealer operator of the relocated Mitsubishi dealership to be Tak Liu a/k/a Ted Johnson. Mr. Johnson is the current dealer operator and is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Petitioner JSL. Mr. Johnson assumed his role with the company when it was purchased from the former owner of the dealership, a Mr. Holman. Originally, the principal investors of the Petitioner JSL were Ted Johnson, Philip P. Smith, and Jon F. Lutter. Mr. Lutter subsequently sold his interest in the Petitioner JSL to Michael Dayhoff. Regardless of the accuracy of the notice published in the Florida Administrative Weekly regarding the ownership of the Petitioner JSL, such notice correctly identified the dealer seeking to relocate and accurately described its current and proposed locations. Thus all dealers presumably affected by the proposed relocation were put on adequate notice of the proposal submitted by the Petitioners. The Respondent King's dealership is approximately 13 miles in straight line distance from the existing location of the Petitioner JSL. If relocated to the proposed site, JSL would be approximately 11.5 miles in straight line distance from the Respondent King. In terms of driving time, the Respondent King's dealership is approximately 26 minutes in driving time from the Petitioner's existing location. Comparatively the Respondent King's location is approximately 20 minutes in driving time from the Petitioner's proposed location. As for the Respondent Seidle, the Petitioner's current location is approximately 11 miles in straight line distance from the existing JSL dealership. If relocated to the proposed site, the Respondent Seidle would be approximately 9 miles in distance from the Petitioner JSL. If JSL were allowed to relocate, the driving time to the Respondent Seidle's dealership would not significantly change. For purposes of this case, it is determined that the community or territory (comm/terr) served by these dealers is Broward County, Florida. The growth in this market will continue in the foreseeable future as the growths in population, employment, and industry new vehicle registrations have demonstrated. Moreover, the current and future demographic factors indicate that Mitsubishi should be adequately represented by four dealers in this comm/terr. As presently configured the Mitsubishi dealers in the comm/terr are on average 5.2 miles from the consumers in this market area. If allowed to relocate, the distance for consumers would be reduced to 4.4 miles. Either of these distances would allow Mitsubishi to effectively compete with like segment products. The traffic patterns along the major north/south and east/west corridors in Broward County make all existing dealers easily accessible either north to south or east to west. There are no barriers to prevent customers from conveniently accessing dealers to the east, west, south, or north. The relocation of the Petitioner JSL to the proposed site would not dramatically improve this accessibility except for those customers who reside in the western portions of the county. And while the relocation of the JSL dealership to the proposed site would increase the convenience to the western customers, the Mitsubishi customers to the east who were previously served by this dealer would be required to travel a greater distance for sales or service. With the opening and establishment of Seidle in Davie, Mitsubishi customers to the southwest will also have that point for sales and service convenience. The proposed site does not constitute an identifiable plot within the comm/terr to support the relocation of the existing dealer. The newly opened Seidle together with King should adequately provide sales and service to the western portion of this market. Any inconvenience in sales or service previously experienced by the customers in the western portion of the county will be quickly cured. With the expansion of the two new dealers in the western portion of the comm/terr, the Petitioner MMSA should experience increased visibility and sales. The relocation of the Petitioner JSL would diminish the expected success of the Respondents in this western portion of the comm/terr. It is too early to determine whether the Respondent Seidle will be as successful as the Respondent King. Given the investments of both of these dealers, however, it is reasonable to afford them more time to demonstrate the strengths of their abilities to market to the western portion of the comm/terr. Both dealers should be able to meet their obligations to the Petitioner MMSA. Given the demonstrated success of the Respondent King, and the projections for this comm/terr, it is reasonably expected market penetration of the existing dealers as presently located will adequately serve the comm/terr. In this case the Petitioner MMSA has encouraged the existing dealers by offering the existing dealers the opportunities to establish new points in the west, by recognizing the opportunity for sales growth in this comm/terr, and by assuring an adequate number of dealers for this market. The relocation of the Petitioner's dealership will not greatly improve the network of Mitsubishi dealers in Broward County. The Petitioner MMSA has not attempted to coerce the existing dealers into consenting to the proposed relocation of the Petitioner JSL. All existing Mitsubishi dealers are in substantial compliance with their dealer agreements. Without the proposed relocation there is adequate interbrand and intrabrand competition in the comm/terr. Without the proposed relocation there is adequate customer convenience in terms of sales and service. Without sufficient actual data from the sales for the Respondent Seidle, it is impossible to determine whether the relocation is warranted and justified based on economic and market conditions pertinent to dealers competing in the comm/terr. The reasonable projected sales suggest the current dealer configuration to be sufficient and adequate as contemplated by the statute. If future population or household growths exceed the levels projected or if actual sales demonstrate a stronger market than projected, additional points in the western portion of the county may be warranted. The actual volumes of registrations by the existing dealers suggest that the Petitioner JSL could perform stronger without encroaching on the sales reasonably expected to be made by the Respondents. With regard to the Petitioners' assertions that the current neighborhood limits the JSL's ability to do business, it is determined that other motor vehicle dealerships in proximity to the Petitioner's store have remained in business in the neighborhood. Those dealers (Lincoln-Mercury, Rolls Royce, Bentley, Oldsmobile, Saturn, Isuzu, Ford, Jaguar, and Honda) have not relocated due to crime or other neighborhood problems. It is further determined that the data relied upon by Petitioners to calculate a shortfall in the comm/terr failed to recognize that the fourth dealer, the Respondent Seidle, was not in business until March 2000. The addition of the fourth point will relieve an deficiency in performance for the comm/terr.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles enter a final order denying the request to relocate the motor vehicle dealership. DONE AND ENTERED this 11th day of September, 2000, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. J. D. Parrish Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 11th day of September, 2000. COPIES FURNISHED: Michael J. Alderman, Esquire Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room A432 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0504 John Forehand, Esquire Walter E. Forehand, Esquire Myers, Forehand & Fuller, P.A. 402 North Office Plaza Drive Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Kieran P. Fallon, P.A. 80 Southwest 80th Street, Suite 2804 Miami, Florida 33130 Dean Bunch, Esquire Sutherland, Asbil & Brennan, L.L.P. 2282 Killearn Center Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32308-3561 James Gregory Humphries, Esquire Shutts & Bowen 20 North Orange Avenue, Suite 1000 Orlando, Florida 32801-4626 Enoch John Whitney, General Counsel Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500 William T. Joyce, Director Division of Motor Vehicles Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room B-439 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0600
The Issue The issue is whether Petitioners are entitled to a motor vehicle dealership that is proposed to be located in Melbourne, Florida.
Findings Of Fact Respondent is an existing franchised dealer of motorcycles manufactured by ZHNG. Petitioners have proposed the establishment of a new dealership to sell the same line and make of motorcycles as those sold by Respondent. Respondent's dealership is located at 234 Highway A1A, Satellite Beach, Florida 32937. Petitioners' proposed dealership would be located at 6370 North Highway US 1, Melbourne Florida 32940. The proposed dealership is within a 12.5-mile radius of Respondent's dealership. Satellite Beach and Melbourne are both in Brevard County. Petitioners admitted that they did not provide the name of Respondent's business to the Department for purposes of notifying the existing dealer of Petitioner's intent to establish a new dealership of the same line-make. For this reason, Respondent never received the standard letter of notice from the Department. Respondent filed its petition as soon as its ownership learned of the proposed new ZHNG dealership. Orestes Nunez, principal owner of House of Scooters, testified that he had no way of knowing the names of every dealer that is selling the ZHNG line-make because the scooters are brought into this country by four different importers and sold under different names. None of the scooters are marketed under the name "ZHNG." Mr. Nunez' proposed dealership would sell the scooters under the name "Italica," whereas other dealers sell the ZHNG scooter under other names. Mr. Nunez testified that he was able to provide the Department the names of other "Italica" dealers, but could not provide the names of every dealer selling ZHNG scooters. Petitioners conceded that they could not establish that Respondent is not providing adequate representation of the ZHNG line-make within the territory at issue. Petitioners' only basis for disputing the protest was that it was not timely filed. Under all the circumstances, it is found that Respondent's protest was timely filed and that Respondent has standing to protest the establishment of the proposed dealership.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED: That the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles enter a final order denying the establishment of Petitioners' proposed franchise. DONE AND ENTERED this 8th day of April, 2009, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S LAWRENCE P. STEVENSON Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 8th day of April, 2009. COPIES FURNISHED: Electra Theodorides-Bustle, Executive Director Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500 Robin Lotane, General Counsel Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0500 Adriana De Lima Italica Motors, Inc. 5001 Southwest 135 Avenue Miramar, Florida 33027 Greg G. Shonk Loon’s Lagoon, LLC 234 Highway A1A Satellite Beach, Florida 32937 Orestes Nunez Orestes Nunez, d/b/a House of Scooters 6370 North Highway US 1 Melbourne, Florida 32940 Michael James Alderman, Esquire Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles Neil Kirkman Building, Room A-432 2900 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32344
