With the new Public Charge Rule, you will run into problems getting a green card. The negative information will hurt. The Public Charge Rule is new and all of its effects have not been fully realized yet, but your financial problems are likely to have a negative effect.
Filing bankruptcy could be considered under the Public Charge rule where relevant.
Yes, you could be adversely affected by the new Public Charge rule.
Please see https://www.avvo.com/legal-guides/ugc/public-charge-rule-is-expanded-how-does-this-affect-you-
Unfortunately under the Public Charge ground of inadmissibility rules which went into effect on February 24 this year this will be taken into account and can likely deem you to be a public charge.
The new enforcement of the PC rule initiated the Form I-944 which directly requests your credit history, credit score, as well as list of liabilities, debt; etc.
Yes, it can make you likely to become a public charge. The form I-944 asks for one's credit report, and evidence of debt etc.